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HHMI Sex Verification of Athletes - Case Studies

Total questions: 12

Worksheet time: 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Here are the results of the sprinter’s physical exam.


If you were one of the judges in 1966, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events? Select your answer below.

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

2.

Here are the sprinter’s Barr body test results.


If you were one of the judges in 1968, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events?

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

3.

Here is an image of the gel for the sprinter.


If you were one of the judges in 1992, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events?

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

4.

Here is the testosterone measurement for the sprinter.


If you were one of the judges in 2011, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in a women's event?


Testosterone level: 25 nmol/L

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

5.

These are all of the sprinter's test results.


Based on the data, how would you characterize this athlete's biological sex?

a)

Female

b)

Male

c)

I don't know

6.

Which of the following genetic variations could result in an individual who has female external reproductive anatomy and secondary sex characteristics, but also appears to have a functioning SRY gene and high testosterone level?

a)

46,XX individual with a genetic mutation that results in more testosterone being produced

b)

45,X individual with only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome, and a mutation in a gene that results in more testosterone being produced

c)

46,XY individual with a mutation that inactivates the androgen receptor (AR) gene, resulting in androgen insensitivity

d)

46,XY individual with a mutation that inactivates the SRY gene so that the testes do not develop

7.

Here are the results of the swimmer’s physical exam.


If you were one of the judges in 1966, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events? Select your answer below.

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

8.

Here are the swimmer’s Barr body test results.


If you were one of the judges in 1968, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events?

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

9.

Here is an image of the gel for the swimmer.


If you were one of the judges in 1992, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in women's events?

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

10.

Here is the testosterone measurement for the swimmer.


If you were one of the judges in 2011, would you rule that the athlete is eligible to compete in a women's event?


Testosterone level: 3 nmol/L

a)

Eligible

b)

Not eligible

11.

These are all of the swimmer's test results. Based on the data, how would you characterize this athlete's biological sex?

a)

Female

b)

Male

c)

I don't know

12.

Which of the following genetic conditions could result in an individual who has many secondary sexual characteristics typical of a female, no SRY gene, and low testosterone levels, but appears to have only one X chromosome?

a)

46,XX individual with a mutation in a gene that results in high levels of testosterone being produced

b)

45,X individual with only one X chromosome and no Y chromosome, and a mutation in a gene that results in high levels of testosterone being produced

c)

46,XY individual with a mutation that inactivates the androgen receptor (AR) gene, resulting in androgen insensitivity

d)

46,XY individual with a mutation that inactivates the SRY gene so that the testes do not develop