In the 500s a powerful group known as the ______________________ conquered Gaul, the region we now call France.

Popes sent many ____________________ to teacher people in the northern European kingdoms about Christianity.

Europeans lived in fear of attacks by the Vikings, who were from

One of the first missionaries to travel northern Europe was ________________________________, converted many people in Britain and Ireland.

___________________ helped the poor and needy, ran schools and collected ancient Greek and Roman writings.

________________________, or communities of monks were built all over Europe in the Middle Ages.

A brilliant warrior and a strong king, ______________________ led the Franks to conquer much of what once was the Roman Empire. He was crowned emperor by the pope on Christmas day in the year 800.

While the Franks were building their empire _____________________, Magyar and Viking invaders were attacking settlements across Europe.

The people who were most important in spreading Christianity throughout Europe were

What can you infer about Charlemagne from his accomplishments?

The various invasions of Europe directly caused the development of the

Feudalism began to spread to Britain soon after

What was unusual about Eleanor of Aquitaine

This system of promises governed relationships between lords and vassals

These medieval laborers could not leave their land without the lords permission

Knights received these pieces of land in return for their military service to the lord

French noblewoman who had great political power during the early middle ages, mother of two English kings

Lords often built these buildings with strong walls so that they could easily be defended

These usually consisted of large houses, pastures, fields, forests, and a village.

These people started feudalism in Europe to help protect themselves from various invasions

Over time, the growth of this led to the decline of Feudalism in Europe

He became the new English king after a victory at Hastings, and rewarded his knights with large estates

A noble or lord would give land to ________________ in exchange for military service

Which two types of leaders controlled most of European society at this time?

Which of the following was NOT one of the most powerful countries in Europe?

Why did Pope Gregory VII excommunicate Emperor Henry IV?

Why did the Pope have such great power in Western Europe?

What church did the bishop of Constantinople create after he was excommunicated by Pope Leo IX?

The pope can choose to _________________, or cast out from the church those deemed guilt of serious offenses.

Rulers of _______________________ inherited their thrones from their fathers.

The ______________________ was created out of what had been Charlemagne's empire in the 700s.

________________________ was called "Lion Heart" for his courage.

Crusaders killed many _________________ on their way to the Holy Land because they blamed them for death of Jesus.

European warriors who volunteer to fight for the Holy land were known as this

English king who fought in the Third Crusade; was chivalrous and respected by all

The Third Crusade began after this city was re-conquered by Muslims.

He called on Christians to drive Muslims out of the Holy Land, starting the Crusades

European Crusaders took control of the Holy Land in AD 1099 in this crusade (a semi successful crusade)

In the Third Crusade, this Musilm leader was respected for his kindness toward the enemy.

Knights in search of treasure, attacked this city and fellow Christians on their way to take part in the fourth crusade

The Crusades led to distrust between Christians and these people

As a result of the Crusades and extensive deaths, these people gained power at the Pope's expense

This empire asked the Pope for help dealing with attacks by Turkish Muslims

The Black Death, a deadly plague that swept Europe from 1347-1351 originated in central and eastern _______________.

This document required English Kings to respect certain rights.

This war and extended conflict brought about political changes in both England and France.

Kings in England could do little without the support of the ______________________, the lawmaking body that governs England today.

teenage peasant girl that rallied the French troops

A specific strain of plague that could be identified by swellings that appeared on the victims bodies.

Habeas Corpus means __________________ in latin

King that was forced to sign the Magna Carta

All of the following were duties and powers of popes

during the Middle Ages EXCEPT

A split in the Christian Church started in the 1000s

because

Why were the Crusades fought?

One reason Christian Crusaders lost the Holy Land was that

In what way was England different from France after the Hundred Years War?

How did life change for surviving peasants and serfs after the plague?

During the Middle Ages, Jews