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WorksheetsPediatric Anesthesia
Total questions: 10
Worksheet time: 30mins
Factors predisposing the infant to rapid desaturation and respiratory failure when faced with respiratory difficulties, EXCEPT:
Increased compliance of the rib cage
Reduced compliance of the lung
Reduced percent of type 2 (fast-twitch, low oxidative muscle fibers) in the diaphragm
Increased oxygen consumption
The most common mechanism of heat loss in children:
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Evaporation
An elective surgery should be rescheduled in pediatric patients if any of the following signs complicates URTI, EXCEPT:
Wheezing that clears with a deep cough
Fever >38.5oC
Purulent, green secretions
Lack of appetite
Factor that increases the risk of perioperative apnea in ex-premature infants:
Less than 60 weeks postconceptual age
Hemoglobin level >140 g%
Negative newborn screening results
Glucose level of 50-80 mg/dl
True statement regarding postextubation stridor in pediatric patients:
It is less common in children with recent URTIs and Down syndrome.
Heliox has not been shown to be effective in reducing the work of breathing.
Usually results from swelling of the tongue after the endotracheal tube has been removed
Treatment includes humidified oxygen, intravenous dexamethasone and nebulized racemic epinephrine.
True regarding pediatric cardiovascular system:
Pediatric patients increase their cardiac output mainly by increasing cardiac contractility
Infants have an increased vagal tone and are prone to bradycardia.
The barorecetor reflex is mature at birth and therefore neonates are able to compensate for hypotension
Compared to adults, they are less dependent on extracellular calcium for maintaining cardiac contractility
Benefits of maintaining intraoperative normothermia in infants and children, EXCEPT:
Decrease in wound infection rates.
Decreased myocardial infarction rates.
Reduced need for transfusions.
None of the above.
What is the laryngoscope blade type and size appropriate for a 5-year old weighing 18kg?
Miller 0
Miller 1
Macintosh 2
Wisconsin 1
Anatomic features of the upper airway in infants compared with adults, EXCEPT:
Relatively large tongue volume
Relatively smaller occiput which naturally places the infant’s head in the sniffing position
Turbulent gas flow until the 5th bronchial division
Larynx is more cephalad in the neck
The following are true regarding preoperative fasting in children, EXCEPT:
Obese children does not increase the risk of pneumonitis should aspiration occur
The gastric fluid characteristics in the child who is chewing gum are similar to those in the fasted child
A 2-hour fast is recommended for clear liquids
A 4-hr fast is recommended for infant formula and cow’s milk
