WorksheetsEpistemology
Total questions: 13
Worksheet time: 7mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
analytic truths
a)
A proposition that is true or false due to the meaning of the words. For example, 'a bachelor is a single man'.
b)
A proposition that is true or false depending on how the world is.
c)
A reasoned inference from one set of claims - the premises - to another claim, the conclusion.
d)
Knowledge of propositions that can only be known to be true or false through experience.
2.
contingent truth
a)
When one's perceptions of events misrepresents represent reality.
b)
a proposition that could be either true or false depending on how the world actually is.
c)
An argument whose conclusion is logically entailed by its premises, i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. i.e. the inference is necessary.
3.
a priori
a)
coming to accept a proposition as true on the basis of reasoning from other propositions taken to be true.
b)
Knowledge of propositions that can only be known to be true or false through experience.
c)
When one's perceptions of events misrepresents represent reality.
d)
Knowledge of propositions that do not require sense experience to be known to be true or false.
4.
Hume's fork: relations of ideas
a)
knowledge established from concepts (established by experience) by pure thought or reason
b)
truths that are known a posteriori, that are analytic and synthetic
5.
inference to the best explanation
a)
An argument whose conclusion is logically entailed by its premises, i.e. if the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false. i.e. the inference is necessary.
b)
Practical form of knowledge that involves knowing how to perform certain tasks.
c)
an abductive or inductive argument where the conclusion presents the 'best explanation' for why the premises are true.
6.
phenomenal principle
a)
characteristics that exist whether or not we perceive them; they do not change (size, shape, etc.)
b)
when we perceive something as F, then there is something that is F. This is important for the indirect realist argument that we perceive sense-data not an object directly.
7.
causal princple (part of Descarte's trademark argument)
a)
impressions cause ideas.
b)
The cause of anything must have at least as much reality as its effect / be as perfect as the effect
8.
sense data
a)
All that exists are minds and ideas
b)
Mind-dependent objects in the world
c)
Mental images of what is perceived
9.
Locke's simple ideas
a)
Ideas that cannot be broken down any further.
b)
ideas 'present and accessible to the attentive mind'
10.
Locke's secondary qualities
a)
qualities that we impose on an object: colour, smell, texture, and so on
b)
characteristics that exist whether or not we perceive them; they do not change (size, shape, etc.)
11.
solispsism
a)
The view that the only thing I can be certain of the existence of is my own mind
b)
Latin for 'blank slate'
12.
relational properties
a)
properties that are intrinsic to the object
b)
Properties of an object that emerge in relation to the observer (e.g. the coin looks elliptical).
13.
virtue epistemology
a)
S knows that p if and only if p is true, S believes that p, and S's belief that p is the result of S exercising their cognitive faculties (e.g. perception working in a suitable environment) epistemic virtues (character traits that make you better suited to gaining the truth, e.g. conscientiousness).
b)
The theory that you know that p if p is true, you believe that p, and your belief is caused by a reliable cognitive process.
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