WorksheetsBiochemical Pathways
Total questions: 19
Worksheet time: 10mins
What product was produced?
methanol
Ethanol
isopropanol
ethambutol
What is missing
Tryptophan
Pyruvate
Adenylyl cyclase
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them:
Alcoholic fermentation
Major End Products: Ethanol and CO2
Representative Organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Major End Products: Lactate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus and some
Lactobacillus
Major End Products :Lactate, ethanol, and acetate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus, Leuconostoc,
and Lactobacillus
Major End Products:2,3-Butanediol
Representative Organisms: Enterobacter, Serratia,
and Erwinia
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them:
Homofermentation
Major End Products: Ethanol and CO2
Representative Organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Major End Products: Lactate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus and some Lactobacillus
Major End Products: Lactate, ethanol, and acetate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus, Leuconostoc,
and Lactobacillus
Major End Products: Acetate, formate, succinate,CO2, H2, and ethanol
Representative Organisms: Escherichia, Salmonella,
and ethanol Klebsiella, and Shigella
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them:
Heterofermentation
Major End Products: Ethanol and CO2
Representative Organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Major End Products: Ethanol and CO2
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus and some
Lactobacillus
Major End Products: Lactate, ethanol, and acetate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus, Leuconostoc,
and Lactobacillus
Major End Products: Acetate, formate, succinate,CO2, H2, and ethanol
Representative Organisms: Escherichia, Salmonella,
and ethanol Klebsiella, and Shigella
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them
Mixed acid fermentation
Major End Products: Acetate, formate, succinate, CO2, H2, and ethanol
Representative Organisms: Escherichia, Salmonella, and ethanol Klebsiella, and Shigella
Major End Products: 2,3-Butanediol
Representative Organisms: Enterobacter, Serratia,
and Erwinia
Major End Products: Butanol, butyrate, acetone, and isopropanol
Representative Organisms:Clostridium, Butyrivibrio, and some Bacillus
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Propionibacterium, Veillonella,
and some Clostridium
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them
2,3-Butanediol fermentation
Major End Products: 2,3-Butanediol
Representative Organisms: Enterobacter, Serratia,
and Erwinia
Major End Products: Butanol, butyrate, acetone, and isopropanol
Representative Organisms: Clostridium, Butyrivibrio,and some Bacillus
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Propionibacterium, Veillonella, and some Clostridium
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them
Butyrate/butanol fermentation
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Propionibacterium, Veillonella,
and some Clostridium
Major End Products: Butanol, butyrate, acetone, and isopropanol
Representative Organisms: Clostridium, Butyrivibrio,and some Bacillus
Major End Products: Lactate, ethanol, and acetate
Representative Organisms: Streptococcus, Leuconostoc,
and Lactobacillus
Major Fermentations, Their End-Products, and Some Organisms That Performed Them
Propionic acid fermentation
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and
Representative Organisms: Propionibacterium, Veillonella,
and some Clostridium
Major End Products: Propionate, acetate and CO2
Representative Organisms: Enterobacter, Serratia,
and Erwinia
ATP Yields from Complete Oxidation of Glucose to CO2 by a Prokaryote Using Glycolysis, Entry Step, and the Krebs Cycle with O2 as the Final Electron Acceptor
10 NADH+ H are produced with 3 ATP value in the aerobic ETC and a total of 30 ATP per glucose are produced
1 NADH+ H are produced with 4 ATP value in the aerobic ETC and a total of 60 ATP per glucose are produced
100 NADH+ H are produced with 300 ATP value in the aerobic ETC and a total of 3 ATP per glucose are produced
0.1 NADH+ H are produced with 3 ATP value in the aerobic ETC and a total of 300 ATP per glucose are produced
ATP Yields from Complete Oxidation of Glucose to CO2 by a Prokaryote Using Glycolysis,
Entry Step, and the Krebs Cycle with O2 as the Final Electron Acceptor
4 ATP (by substrate ATP phosphorylation) are produce which is equivalent to 4 ATP per glucose molecule
1 ATP (by substrate ATP phosphorylation) are produce which is equivalent to 4 ATP per glucose molecule
4 ATP (by substrate ATP phosphorylation) are produce which is equivalent to 1 ATP per glucose molecule
40 ATP (by substrate ATP phosphorylation) are produce which is equivalent to 4 ATP per glucose molecule
ATP Yields from Complete Oxidation of Glucose to CO2 by a Prokaryote Using Glycolysis, Entry Step, and the Krebs Cycle with O2 as the Final Electron Acceptor
2 FADH(2) are produced with 2 ATP values produced in Aerobic ETC plus a total 4 of ATP per glucose molecule
2 FADH(2) are produced with 1 ATP values produced in Aerobic ETC plus a total 4 of ATP per glucose molecule
2 FADH(2) are produced with 8 ATP values produced in Aerobic ETC plus a total 4 of ATP per glucose molecule
2 FADH(2) are produced with 10 ATP values produced in Aerobic ETC plus a total 4 of ATP per glucose molecule
Entry Step
Reactant: 2 Pyruvates and 2 Coenzyme A
Product : 2 Acetyl CoA2 CO2
2 NAD+ -------------> 2 NADH+2H
Reactant: 2 Acetyl CoA
Product : 4 CO2 and 2 Coenzyme A
6 NAD-------------------->6 NADH+6H
2GDP+2P(=2ADP+2P) ===== GTP or ATP
Krebs Cycle
Reactant: 2 Acetyl CoA
Product : 4 CO2 and 2 Coenzyme A
6 NAD-------------------->6 NADH+6H
2GDP+2P(=2ADP+2P) ===== GTP or ATP
Reactant: 2 Pyruvates and 2 Coenzyme A
Product : 2 Acetyl CoA2 CO2
2 NAD+ -------------> 2 NADH+2H
For every six glucose-6-phosphates that enter and complete the cycle, 6CO2 and 12 NADPH+H
are produced. Some of the five-carbon intermediates,
however, may be redirected into synthesis of aromatic amino acids and nucleotides. If the cycle is performed as shown, 36 carbons enter as six glucose 6-phosphate (6 C6 36C).
PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE CYCLE
ENTNER-DOUDOROFF PATHWAY
Glycolytic Reactants and Products per Glucose
Which is incorrect?
Reactant: Glucose (C6H12O6)
Product: 2 Pyruvates (C3H3O3)
Reactant: 2 ATP
Product: 8 ADP
Reactant: 4 ADP
Product: 4 ATP
Reactant: NET: 2 ADP
Product: NET: 2 ATP
Reactant: 2 NAD
Product: 2 NADH+ 2H
main difference between ENTNER-DOUDOROFF PATHWAY and Glycolysis
the six-carbon compound that is split into two three-carbon compounds. The result of this split
is pyruvate and glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate, which is oxidized as in glycolysis
to pyruvate.
Because only 2 three-carbon compound goes through the sequence of reactions leading to pyruvate, the ATP and NADH yield is one that of glycolysis. But one NADPH is produced that is not made in lipolysis.
the six-carbon compound that is split into four three-carbon compounds. The result of this split
is pyruvate and glyceraldehydes-1-phosphate, which is oxidized as in glycolysis
to pyruvate.
Because only one three-carbon compound goes through the sequence of reactions leading to pyruvate, the ATP and NADH yield is one-half that of glycolysis. But one NADPH is produced that is not made in glycolysis.
It is a complex set of cyclic reactions that provides a mechanism for producing five-carbon sugars (pentoses) from six-carbon sugars (hexoses).
pentose-phosphate pathway
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
It is an alternative means of degrading glucose into
two pyruvates. This pathway is found exclusively among prokaryotes (e.g., Pseudomonas and E. coli, as well as other Gram-negatives and certain Archaea). It allows utilization of a different
category of sugars (aldonic acids) than glycolysis and therefore improves the range of resources available to the organism. It is less efficient than glycolysis because only one ATP is phosphorylated and only one NADH is produced.
Entner-Doudoroff pathway
Endner-Doudoroff pathway
Endner-Duodoroff pathway
phentose-phosphate pathway
phentose-posphate pathway
