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Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage.

Restricting food access to mice increases levels of the hormone, ghrelin, which may also increase motivation to exercise, according to a study published in The Journal of Endocrinology. The study suggests that a surge in levels of appetite-promoting ghrelin, after a period of fasting, prompted mice to initiate voluntary exercise. These novel findings indicate that better diet control, for example limiting food intake to mealtimes or fasting intermittently, could help overweight people maintain a more effective exercise routine, lose weight, and avoid debilitating complications such as diabetes and heart disease.

Obesity is a costly and growing global health epidemic that needs more effective intervention strategies to avoid serious complications including heart disease and diabetes. Food restriction and regular exercise are the two main cost-effective strategies to prevent and treat obesity. However, the condition is often associated with a sedentary lifestyle and bad eating habits, such as snacking and binge eating. Consequently, adhering to a regular exercise regime can be difficult due to an inability to exercise for a prolonged period or a lack of motivation.

In this study, Dr Yuji Tajiri and colleagues from Kurume University School of Medicine in Japan investigated the relationship between exercise and ghrelin levels in mice. Food intake and wheel-running activity were compared in mice given free access to food and those fed only twice a day for a limited time. Although both groups ate a similar amount of food, the restricted mice ran significantly more. These findings suggest that ghrelin may play an important role in the motivation for both feeding and exercise, in response to restricted eating plans.

Dr Tajiri comments, "Our findings suggest that hunger, which promotes ghrelin production, may also be involved in increasing motivation for voluntary exercise, when feeding is limited. Therefore, maintaining a healthy eating routine, with regular mealtimes or fasting, could also encourage motivation for exercise in overweight people."

However, Dr. Tajiri cautions, "These findings and previous reports are based on animal studies, so much more work is needed to confirm that this ghrelin response is also present in people. If it can be established in clinical practice, it not only opens up new cost-effective diet and exercise strategies, but may also indicate a new therapeutic application for ghrelin-mimicking drugs."

(Adapted from: https://www.sciencedaily.com. Accessed November 15, 2019)

11. What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?

The phrase "cost-effective strategies" can be best replaced by...

Instruction: Find the part in this sentences is incorrect

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Women wear make up to beautiful themselves.

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256,374 + 6,246 - 176, 27 =

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