Oil found in relatively impermeable reservoir rock

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Oil obtained by artificial maturation of oil shale.

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One of the three main classes of rock (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) that are formed at the Earth's surface through deposition of sediments derived from weathered rocks, biogenic activity or precipitation from solution.

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One of three main classes of rock (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) that form from the alteration of preexisting rocks by changes in ambient temperature, pressure, volatile content, or all of these

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Organisms that live at the bottom of a body of water

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Parallel strata that have undergone a similar geologic history, deposited in succession without interruption

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Particles of rock derived from the mechanical breakdown of preexisting rocks by weathering and erosion

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Permanent mechanical or physical alteration that does not include rupture

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Pertaining to a condition in which two fluids are incapable of forming molecularly distributed mixtures or attaining homogeneity at that scale

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Pertaining to a condition in which two or more fluids can mix in all proportions and form a single homogeneous phase

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Pertaining to a depositional environment or organisms from a marsh

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Pertaining to a diagram of a vertical section through a volume, as opposed to the surface, "bird's eye," or plan view of a map

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Pertaining to a diatom, which is a microscopic, single-celled, freshwater or saltwater algae that has a silica-rich cell wall called a frustule

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Pertaining to a hiatus, a cessation in deposition of sediments during which no strata form or an erosional surface forms on the underlying strata

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Pertaining to a hydrocarbon source rock that has generated as much hydrocarbon as possible and is becoming thermally altered

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Pertaining to a hydrocarbon source rock that has not fully entered optimal conditions for generation

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Pertaining to a major episode of plate tectonic activity in which lithospheric plates collide and produce mountain belts, in some cases including the formation of subduction zones and igneous activity

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Pertaining to a material that can deform permanently without rupturing

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Pertaining to a material that can undergo stress, deform, and then recover and return to its original shape after the stress ceases

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Pertaining to a rock that is incapable of transmitting fluids because of low permeability

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Pertaining to a sedimentary rock, such as sandstone or limestone, that contains only minimal amounts of clay minerals

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Pertaining to a strike-slip fault or right-lateral fault in which the block across the fault moves to the right

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Pertaining to a strike-slip or left-lateral fault in which the block across the fault moves to the left

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Pertaining to a type of metamorphic rock with shearing and granulation of minerals caused by high mechanical stress during faulting or dynamic metamorphism, typically during episodes of plate tectonic activity

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Pertaining to a zone, an interval or unit of rock differentiated from surrounding rocks on the basis of its fossil content or other features, such as faults or fractures

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Pertaining to a rock's ability to transmit fluids

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Pertaining to an anticline, an arch-shaped fold in rock in which rock layers are upwardly convex

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Pertaining to an environment of deposition affected by tides, the area between high tide and low tide.

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Pertaining to an environment of deposition by a river or running water

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Pertaining to an environment of deposition in lakes, or an area having lakes

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Pertaining to an estuary, a semi-enclosed coastal environment of deposition in which a river mouth permits freshwater to contact and mix with seawater

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Pertaining to biostratigraphy, the application of plant and animal fossils to date and correlate strata in order to elucidate Earth history, combining the principles of paleontology and stratigraphy

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Pertaining to crude oil or natural gas lacking appreciable amounts of sulfur or sulfur compounds.

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Pertaining to diagenesis, which is the physical, chemical or biological alteration of sediments into sedimentary rock at relatively low temperatures and pressures that can result in changes to the rock's original mineralogy and texture

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Pertaining to eustasy, a term for global sea level and its variations. Changes in sea level can result from movement of tectonic plates altering the volume of ocean basins, or when changes in climate affect the volume of water stored in glaciers and in polar icecaps

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Pertaining to exploration, the initial phase in petroleum operations that includes generation of a prospect or play or both, and drilling of an exploration well

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Pertaining to geology, the study of the Earth-its history, structure, composition, life forms and the processes that continue to change it

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Pertaining to geology, the study of the Earth-its history, structure, composition, life forms and the processes that continue to change it.

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Pertaining to hot fluids, particularly hot water, or the activity of hot water, or precipitates thereof

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Pertaining to isostasy, the state of gravitational equilibrium between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere of the Earth such that lithospheric plates "float" at a given elevation depending on their thickness

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Pertaining to lithology, the macroscopic nature of the mineral content, grain size, texture and color of rocks

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Pertaining to lithostratigraphy, the study and correlation of strata to elucidate Earth history on the basis of their lithology, or the nature of the well log response, mineral content, grain size, texture and color of rocks

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Pertaining to materials, particularly rock masses, that formed somewhere other than their present location, and were transported by fault movements, large-scale gravity sliding, or similar processes

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Pertaining to minerals or igneous rocks composed of minerals such as quartz and feldspar that are relatively light in color and density

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Pertaining to minerals or igneous rocks composed of minerals that are rich in iron and magnesium, dense, and typically dark in color

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Pertaining to minerals or materials that grow in place with a rock, rather than having been transported and deposited

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Pertaining to minerals or rock fragments that formed in one location but were transported to another location and deposited

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Pertaining to one of three main classes of rocks that crystallize from molten rock, or magma, with interlocking mineral crystals

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Pertaining to one or more volcanoes, surface features of the Earth that allow magma, ash and gas to erupt. The vent can be a fissure or a conical structure

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Pertaining to particles of rock derived from the mechanical breakdown of preexisting rocks by weathering and erosion

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Pertaining to petrography, The examination of rocks in thin section

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