It is a direct address to some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if it were living person or some absent person as if it were present.

These are non-human entities that are given human-like attributes or abilities.

This is meant for a change of name. It is a substitute of the thing names for the thing meant. Following examples will clarify the concept.

Two different things are compared using "like" and "as".

This is the understanding of one thing by means of another. Here, a part is used to designate the whole or the whole to designate a part.

Direct comparison and not using "like" and "as".

In this mode of speech, the real meanings of the words used are different from the intended meanings.

It is a figure of speech which combines two seemingly contradictory or incongruous words for sharp emphasis or effect.

This is the used of exaggeration to express strong emotion.

This is mild, indirect or vague term that often substitute a harsh, blunt or offensive term.

The formation of a word whose sound is made to suggest or echo the sense as in cuckoo, bang, growl, hiss.

The repetition of the beginning sounds of neighboring words.

The repetition of words or phrases in a group of sentences, clauses, or poetic lines

The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds within words, phrases, or sentences.