Free Printable APUSH Unit 1

1.

The treatment of the Native Americans by the Spanish conquistadors can be described as

a)

leaving little of Spanish culture.

b)

at times brutal and exploitative.

c)

firm but fair.

d)

scornful of intermarriage.

2.

England's first colony at Jamestown

a)

was an immediate economic success

b)

was saved from failure by John Smith's leadership and by JOhn Rolfe's introduction of tobacco

c)

enjoyed the strong and continual support of King James I

d)

depended on the introduction of African slave labor for its survival

3.

The principal motivation shaping the earliest settlements in New England was

a)

the desire for political freedom

b)

religious commitment and devotion

c)

economic opportunity and the chance for a better life

d)

a spirit of adventure and interest in exploring the New World

4.

Which of the following shows how Native Americans adapted to an transformed the environment in which they lived?

a)

the creation of large-scale irrigation works to promote the growing of maize

b)

the development of highly structured systems of social stratification

c)

the construction of monuments to nature-based deities

d)

the organization of self-governing confederacies among disparate tribes

5.

European diseases that arrived in the New World were particularly deadly because...

a)

little medical aid was available so far from European urban centers

b)

the European conquerors deliberately accelerated the spread of the most deadly strains

c)

the Native Americans had no natural resistance to these diseases

d)

the vast devastation of warfare with the Europeans left few to care for the sick

6.

In the view of the encomienda system, Native Americans were seen primarily as...

a)

a source of labor

b)

a group to be protected

c)

a focus of evangelization

d)

outcasts to be excluded from Spanish settlement

7.

What aspect of Spanish colonization did missionary Bartolome de Las Casas famously protest?

a)

the refusal of explorers to tithe on the wealth they discovered

b)

the lack of missionary zeal among the conquistadors

c)

the treatment of Native Americans as subhuman and expendable

d)

the focus of the Spanish Crown on Latin America while neglecting the Reconquista at home

8.

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies. But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. Meanwhile, successes in the new World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well...Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed...The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the in-up in prices." (A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992.)Concerns raised in Spain in the 1540s about "forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia," mentioned in the first paragraph of MacDougall's article, led to which of the following changes?

a)

limits being placed on the encomienda system and a shift toward African slavery

b)

the growth of the Spanish abolitionist movement and a royal decree ending slavery in the New World

c)

a shift in Spanish economic activities in the new World from export-oriented activities toward production for local consumption

d)

the establishment of a line of demarcation in Spanish-held territories in the New World between areas for American Indians and areas for Spanish colonists

9.

"The gold and silver mined with forced labor in Mexico and what is now Bolivia constituted a windfall that could have been used to develop Spanish agriculture, industry, and commerce. It could have helped the country catch up with northwestern Europe's more developed economies. But Spain [in the 1500s] was in the grip of a tiny ruling class of royalty, Catholic church hierarchy, and landed aristocracy. Two to three per cent of the population owned 97 per cent of the land in Castile, Spain's heartland. The great landowners had no incentive to modernize Spain. They just wanted to raise more sheep and sell more wool. The environmental degradation that overgrazing vast numbers of sheep entailed seems to have bothered the ruling class no more than the cutting of forests for timber to build ships and provide charcoal to smelt domestic Spanish silver ore. And so, what if the wool went to Holland to be manufactured into cloth rather than being processed in Spain itself. Meanwhile, successes in the new World swelled the Spanish monarchy's ambitions in the Old. The bonanza of bullion from the Americas encouraged Spain's rulers to build up the army into Europe's largest military force, setting off an arms race that forced rivals to multiply their armed forces as well...Hegemonic wars against the French, Dutch, and English followed...The most lasting and far-reaching effect of the increase of money in circulation was to set off a long wave of inflation that spread throughout Western Europe. To be sure, deficit spending on unproductive armies, navies, and wars as well as debasement of coinage by monarchs in search of additional royal revenue contributed to the in-up in prices." (A. Kent MacDougall, University of California, Berkeley, March 1992.)Which of the following best describes a central point of A. Kent MacDougall's argument above?

a)

During the age of exploration and conquest, a growing divide developed in Spain between the Catholic church and the monarchy over the treatment of American Indians

b)

The large-scale migration of Spanish peasants to the new World left Spain with a scarcity of workers and a depressed economy

c)

Spanish conquest of the New World led Spain to focus its military and diplomatic efforts toward subduing resistance in the New World and removing itself from the conflicts of Europe

d)

the successes of Spanish conquest in the New World did not result in a general economic improvement in Spain itself

10.

“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium.

Which of the following was a direct effect of the situation described in the excerpt?

a)

By 1491, Native Americans had established facilities for

manufacturing steel weapons.

b)

European populations were decimated by the introduction of the smallpox microbe from North America

c)

European settlements pushed Native American tribes

further and further west.

d)

A group of northeastern Indian tribes formed a powerful

confederation that was able to successfully resist European encroachment until 1800.

11.

“Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the development of rattlesnakes on one side of the Atlantic and vipers on the other. After 1492, human voyagers in part reversed this tendency. Their artificial re-establishment of connections through the commingling of Old and New World plants, animals, and bacteria... is one of the more spectacular and significant ecological events of the past millennium.

The excerpt could serve as evidence to support the argument that

a)

new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.

b)

Indian labor in the economies of Spanish colonies was

gradually replaced by African slavery.

c)

native societies responded to the lack of natural resource in the western Great Plains by developing nomadic lifestyles.

d)

European overseas expansion resulted in the Columbian Exchange.

12.

“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O...

At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.”

--‘Return to Roanoake’

John White, 1590

The settlement described in the excerpt above was significant because it was the first

a)

permanent Spanish settlement in the modern-day US

b)

fortified French settlement in modern-day Canada

c)

attempt at an English colony in the New World

d)

Dutch trading post established in New Amsterdam

13.

“We... landed at day-break, and... went through the woods to ... the place where I left our colony in the year 1586. In all this way we saw in the sand the print of the savages’ feet of 2 or 3 sorts trodden at night, and as we entered up the sandy bank upon a tree, in the very brow thereof were curiously carved these... letters: C R O...

At my departure from them in Anno 1587 I willed them, that if they should happen to be distressed in any of those places, that then they should carve over the letters or name a crosse in this form, but we found no such sign of distress. And having well considered of this, we passed toward the place where they were left in sundry houses, but we found the houses taken down, and the place very strongly enclosed with a high palisade of great trees... I greatly joyed that I had safely found a certain token of their safe being at Croatoan, which is the place where Manteo was borne, and the savages of the island our friends.”

--‘Return to Roanoake’

John White, 1590

The excerpt provides evidence to support the argument that

a)

European settlements in the Americas met with immediate

economic and political success.

b)

early contacts between Native Americans and Europeans

were entirely negative.

c)

Europeans considered Native American societies to be highly civilized.

d)

Europeans were poorly prepared to deal with the realities of constructing settlements in the Americas.

14.

“...The Brafferton Indian School in at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia... was established so ‘that the Christian faith may be propagated amongst the western Indians, to the glory of almighty God...’ The hope on the part of the founders was that the students would return to their nations and act as agents of ‘civilization’ and Christianization amongst their people.

The English had trouble filling the school. As one Iroquois chief politely noted, ‘We must let you know, we love our children too well, to send them so great a way, . . . We allow it to be good, and we thank you for the invitation; but our customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us.’ Nevertheless, Mattaponis, Pamunkeys, Chickahominys, Nansemonds, and others did attend. Evidence indicates that some tribes sent children for a specific purpose. While the English hoped to create agents for conversion and change amongst the American Indians, the Indians hoped to develop go-betweens or mediators between their people and their white neighbors.”

--“the Colonial Virginia Frontier and

International Native American Diplomacy”

William White, published 2011

Evidence in the excerpt supports the argument that

a)

European settlers in the colonies believed in the superiority of their own culture and attempted to propagate it.

b)

European attempts to change American Indian beliefs and

worldviews were met with little resistance.

c)

Africans’ cultural and linguistic adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of cultural preservation.

d)

indentured servants of European descent were the main source of coerced labor in the colonies in the 17th century.

15.

“This western discovery will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound... Then it is necessary for the salvation of those poor people who have sat so long in darkness and in the shadow of death that preachers should be sent unto them. . . . Now the means to send such as shall labor effectually in this business is by planting one or two colonies of our nation upon that firm [land], where they may remain in safety, and first learn the language of the people near adjoining... and by little and little acquaint themselves with their manner and so with discretion and mildness distill into their purged minds the sweet and lively lines of the gospel: Otherwise for preachers to run unto them rashly without some such preparation for their safety, it [might lead to] their apparent and certain destruction...”

--Discourse of Western Planting

Richard Hakluyt, 1584

The excerpt above provides support for the argument that

a)

the introduction of new crops and livestock by the

Spanish had far-reaching effects on economic, social, and political development in the Western Hemisphere.

b)

European exploration and conquest were fueled by a

desire for new sources of wealth, increased power and status, and converts to Christianity.

c)

new sources of mineral wealth from the Americas facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism.

d)

in spite of slavery, Africans’ cultural adaptations to the Western Hemisphere resulted in varying degrees of cultural preservation and autonomy.

16.

“...We are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ... It is by a mutual consent, through a special overvaluing providence and a more than an ordinary approbation of the churches of Christ, to seek out a place of cohabitation and consortship under a due form of government both civil and ecclesiastical. In such cases as this, the care of the public must oversway all private respects... For it is a true rule that particular estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the public.

We see [our goals as] extraordinary, therefore we must not content ourselves with usual ordinary means. Whatsoever we did, or ought to have done, when we lived in England, the same must we do, and more also, where we go. That which the most in their churches maintain as truth in profession only, we must bring into familiar and constant practice... We must bear one another’s burdens. We must not look only on our own things, but also on the things of our brethren.”

--A Model of Christian Charity

John Winthrop, governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630

Winthrop’s point of view reflects the:

a)

differences in motives for settling the New England colonies and colonies further to the south.

b)

influence of European Enlightenment ideas regarding

religious toleration.

c)

similarity of motives for the establishment of all thirteen British colonies.

d)

motives of early settlers in the Chesapeake Bay colonies.

17.

_______________was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans, and he was one of the first abolitionists

a)

Roger Williams

b)

John Winthrop

c)

John Cotton

d)

William Penn

18.

The Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses are examples of

a)

Attempts to limit democracy

b)

British Mandates

c)

Colonial protests

d)

Early colonial efforts at self-government

19.

What killed the most indigenous populations in America during the 14th-18th century?

a)

New vegetation

b)

Unpredictable weather

c)

Diseases

d)

Warfare

20.

_______________spoke against established clergy, spreading a message of democratic religion that relied upon commoners to grow and continue. His words were a major part of the First Great Awakening.

a)

John Cotton

b)

George Whitefeld

c)

John Winthrop

d)

Bartolome De Las Casas

21.

One factor that accounts for the economic differences between New England and Chesapeake Bay's regions is

a)

Natives

b)

King Henry

c)

Climate

d)

Gold

22.

There was not too much room for religious disagreement in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Puritans defended their DOGMA with uncommon fury. Their devotion to principle was God's work; to ignore God's work was unfathomable. When free-thinkers speak their minds in such a society, conflict inevitably results.

Who got in "trouble" for speaking their minds in Mass Bay?

a)

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

b)

John Cotton and Anne Hutchinson

c)

Anne Hutchinson and John Smith

d)

John Cotton and John Winthrop

23.

Published articles critical of the the British governor and was taken to court for libel.

a)

Andrew Hamilton

b)

Ben Franklin

c)

John Peter Zenger

d)

William Cosby

24.

John Locke is responsible for what ideas?

a)

Anti- Capitol punishment

b)

Separation of powers/checks and balances

c)

Life,Liberty,& The pursuit of Happiness

d)

Social contract

25.

__________________ also known as Pope’s Rebellion of 1680 was a revolt of the native __________ people against the ________ colonizers in Santa Fe de Nuevo México.

a)

Pueblo Revolt

b)

Puerto Rebellion

c)

Spanish

d)

Portuguese

e)

Pueblo

26.

__________________had a contact to work for a few years in exchange for passage to the new world colonies, sometimes getting a piece of land after finishing their contract but many died before they could finish.

a)

Indentured servants

b)

Slaves

c)

Africans

d)

Apprentices

27.

A rebellion against Gov. Berkeley's rule in an effort to change Virginia's Indian-Frontier Policy that benefited Gov. Berkeley.

a)

Bacon's Rebellion

b)

Pueblo Rebellion

c)

Brown's Rebellion

d)

Berkeley's Rebellion

28.

The cause of the war was the colonist's desire for more land but the immediate cause was the trial and execution of three of Metacom’s men. It resulted in destruction of communities and family but it was more devastating for the natives ending their presence in the area.

a)

Pequot War

b)

King Philip's War

c)

French Indian War

d)

Seven Year's War

APUSH Unit 1

Total questions: 28

Worksheet time: 28mins

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