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WorksheetsRenaissance and Reformation
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 40mins
What characteristic of the Renaissance does the quotation reflect?
"To [man] it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills."—Pico della Mirandola, 1486
perspective
patronage
a spirit of adventure and curiosity
religious faith
What role did trade play in the Renaissance?
wealth from trade led to higher prices for Renaissance art
wealth from trade unified Renaissance Italy
trade spread the Renaissance to the Muslim world
wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism?
"Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch
Humanity has already gained all knowledge and must return to it.
Humanity progresses by building upon past knowledge.
Humanity draws comfort from the achievements of past thinkers.
Humanity must abandon the limited thinking of ancient cultures.
Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in this painting by Leonardo da Vinci?
stylized lighting and flat human forms
perspective and realism
harmony and naturalism
cubism and expressionism
Which humanist ideals are most expressed in the sculpture David by Michelangelo?
emphasis on exaggerated human anatomical forms
emphasis on idealized spiritual subjects
emphasis on subject matter related to period when sculpte
emphasis on realistic anatomy and ancient Greek tradition
Which answer best summarizes the main idea of the quotation?
"How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince
A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic.
A successful ruler must be idealistic to overcome his opponents.
A successful ruler must consult his teachers to make decisions.
A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him.
What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance?
Raphael's engraving technology led to mass-produced art.
Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type.
Erasmus called for the Bible to be printed in the vernacular.
Shakespeare popularized literature by re-energizing the theater.
What valid conclusion can be drawn from the data in the table?
An unprecedented spread of information helped the Reformation grow.
The Renaissance could not have happened without Gutenberg's invention.
Europeans became more religious because most of the new books were bibles.
Europeans became less religious because most of the new books had humanist ideals.
In what way does this passage and quotation describe a political effect of humanism?
He [Erasmus] called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the vernacular. He scorned those who ". . . don't want the holy scriptures to be read in translation by the unlearned . . . as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people's ignorance of it. . . ."
It is a threat to break from the Church unless demands for change are met.
It is a demand for the established Church to recommit to classical scholarship.
It is a call for Church reform so people can be more intellectually empowered.
It is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely accessible to the public in an understandable form.
Summarize the main idea of the quotation.
"The many great gardens of the world, of literature and poetry, of painting and music, of religion and architecture, all make the point as clear as possible: The soul cannot thrive in the absence of a garden. If you don't want paradise, you are not human; and if you are not human, you don't have a soul."—Thomas More
The arts, education, and spirituality make us human.
Political, cultural, religious, and social reforms are needed to attain paradise.
Humans already occupy paradise, so attempts to improve our lives are unnecessary.
Religious faith and commitment to classical ideals of learning will save us.
How does Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, reflect central literary themes common throughout the Renaissance?
It honors the scholarly achievements and cultural glory of a utopian society.
It advocates for political and religious reform through the use of realism.
It explores universal human themes and portrays classical figures and subjects
It analyzes the politics of achieving political power in empires.
How does this engraving by the German artist Albrecht Dürer expand upon the work done by Italian Renaissance artists?
It blends anatomical realism with religious themes.
It explores and honors heroic classical figures.
It advocates for religious reform by depicting religious upheaval.
It applies new subject matter in the new medium of engraving.
What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation?
"I have cast the die. . . . I will not reconcile myself to them [the Roman Catholic Church] for all eternity. . . . Let them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I will do as much for them. . . . Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a book in the German tongue about Christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist."—Martin Luther, 1520
the excommunication of Luther by Pope Leo X
Luther's rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant
the distribution of the provocative 95 Theses
the spread of the printed bible in the vernacular
Which characteristics belong in the Protestantism portion of the diagram?
prayers to the saints, emphasis on sermon, lavish churches
priests can marry, bible printed in the vernacular, no papal authority
confession, prayers to saints, allegiance to Rome
pilgrimages, supreme rule of Pope, excommunication
Which factor enabled the central ideas of the Protestant Reformation to gain acceptance throughout northern Europe?
the printing press
the Council of Trent
the Peasant's Revolt
the Peace of Augsburg
Which idea differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?
rejection of saints, indulgences
rejection of papal rule
belief in purgatory
belief in predestination
Which Protestant teaching addresses the main idea of the passage?
"86. Again, "Why does not the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"—Martin Luther, 95 Theses
Churches should simplify the mass and suspend confession.
Churches should abandon worship of saints and ban pilgrimages to holy sites.
Churches should be simple and plain rather than ornate and grand.
Churches must not follow theological orders from the Pope.
Which is the best example of a theocracy?
A government run by religious leaders.
A government run by divine monarchs.
A government run by citizens of all religions.
A government run by elected representatives.
Which statement belongs in the final box?
Individual liberties are threatened as northern European societies transform into Protestant theocracies.
Christian unity collapses, bringing a new political order that is divided between East and West.
Religious conflict spreads across Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval.
The Peasant's Revolt and the Peace of Augsburg settle religious differences in Europe.
Analyze the map. Which region was the most religiously divided?
Norway and Sweden
Holy Roman Empire
England and France
Poland and Italy
Identify the person responsible for bringing stability after the religious turmoil that resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church of England.
King Henry VIII
Pope Leo X
Martin Luther
Queen Elizabeth
The United States Capitol dome was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon, built in ancient Rome. Which Renaissance architect was also inspired by the Pantheon's dome?
Leon Alberti
Filippo Brunelleschi
Donatello
Michelangelo
What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?
a geocentric perspective
a heliocentric perspective
a hypothetical perspective
a lunar perspective
The Scientific Method was based on the idea that
the scientific theories of the ancients were correct.
scientific laws governed nature.
the truth could come only through investigation.
philosophy was the key to learning scientific truths.
Which thinker is credited with establishing the basic principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and motion?
Robert Boyle
Francis Bacon
René Descartes
Isaac Newton
Which city-state was in the best location to benefit from trade-based cultural exchange with the Islamic civilization just across the Mediterranean?
Florence
Milan
Venice
Papal States
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism?
"Gold, silver, jewels, purple garments, houses built of marble, groomed estates, pious paintings, caparisoned steeds [decorated horses], and other things of this kind offer a mutable [changeable] and superficial pleasure; books give delight to the very marrow of one's bones. They speak to us, consult with us, and join with us in a living and intense intimacy."—Petrarch
It rejects worldly and superficial objects associated with wealth and decadence.
It acknowledges a spiritual and divine connection with the pursuit of knowledge.
It affirms our humanity by associating personal fulfillment with learning.
It embraces the glory and splendor of the classical intellectual golden age.
Which features belong under the category Renaissance Art?
mythological and spiritual themes
realistic depictions of human forms
stylized depictions of human forms
flat dimensions and lack of perspective
Leonardo da Vinci is often referred to as a true "Renaissance Man." Why has he come to symbolize the spirit of the era?
His paintings, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are superlative examples of expressionism and perspective, and are the most famous of the era.
His scientific works showed a level of genius that was confirmed by his prediction of technologies that would not exist for centuries.
He excelled at everything he did, bringing him in line with the heroic intellectual stature of the ancient Greek gods who helped inspire the Renaissance.
His interests and body of work spanned many subjects, media, and disciplines, reflecting the quest for knowledge and the spirit of creative adventure that embodied the Renaissance era.
What economic and cultural changes did printing presses bring to the European cities that had them?
They allowed new ideas to spread across Europe reaching much wider segments of society.
They developed entire new classes of educated citizens who were exposed to new ideas previously inaccessible to all but a few elite and dedicated scholars.
The cities became culturally isolated centers of learning with depressed economies from lack of trade, attracting only few among the small and elite educated classes.
The cities attracted more migrants, became more culturally dynamic, and grew economically.
What central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implicit in this quotation?
"Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians."—Erasmus
to promote the benefits of the printing revolution
to form theocratic societies based on a simpler version of Christianity
to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular
to form a Protestant Church that is free from the corrupt dictates of papal rule
What core Renaissance themes best summarize and express the characteristics of Shakespeare's work explained in the passage?
Shakespeare's genius was in expressing universal themes in everyday, realistic settings. His work explores Renaissance ideals such as the complexity of the individual and the importance of the classics. At the same time, his characters speak in language that common people can understand and appreciate. Shakespeare's love of words also vastly enriched the English language. More than 1,700 words appeared for the first time in his works.
theocracy and classicism
inquiry and investigation
spirituality and faith
humanism and secularism
Which example corresponds to the main idea of the passage?
Many northern Europeans faced a great deal of uncertainty in their lives. As in Renaissance Italy, most people were poor and life could be violent. Fixed medieval economies were giving way to more uncertain urban, market-based economies, and wealth was distributed unequally. Renaissance humanist ideas found fertile ground in this uncertain society. Spread by the printing press, humanist ideas such as a return to classical education and an emphasis on social reform quickly took root. Many people looked for ways to shape a society that made more sense to them. Increasingly, they used humanist ideas to question a central force in their lives—the Church.
John Calvin teaches predestination and establishes a theocracy.
Martin Luther's protests split the Church into Protestantism and Catholicism.
The Catholic Church sells indulgences and uses funds to build lavish churches.
The Peasants' Revolt calls for an end to medieval serfdom.
Which answer provides accurate historical context for the following quotations?
"27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice [extreme greed] and greed increase; but when the church offers intercession [intervention], all depends in the will of God."
—Martin Luther, 95 Theses
Protestantism maintained that governments should be run by qualified religious leaders, however, Rome should play no role.
Protestantism preached the idea of predestination, arguing that those who gain salvation had been determined by God long ago.
Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.
Protestantism denied the Roman Catholic concept of purgatory, rejecting any role for church officials in a person's fate after death.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.
It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to institute theocratic communities.
The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.
What action by Queen Elizabeth supports the main idea of the quotation?
"I never had any meaning or intent that (my) subjects should be troubled or molested [harassed] by examination or inquisition in any matter either of their faith or for that matters of ceremonies, as long as they shall in their outward conversation show themselves quiet and not manifestly repugnant to the laws of the realm."—Queen Elizabeth
breaking ties with the Catholic Church so she could divorce and produce a male heir
compromising by incorporating both Protestant and Catholic aspects into the Church of England
establishing the Church of England as a predominantly Calvinist religious institution
establishing the Church of England as a predominantly Catholic religious institution
The order given by King Henry VIII read "Proceed to the dissolution and the defacing." Which event preceded the scene depicted in the image?
King Henry VIII ordered the closure of Catholic convents and monasteries in England and seized their wealth.
King Henry VIII disbanded the Church of England after uniting with the Roman Catholic Church.
King Henry VIII restored calm after a period of religious turmoil in England by applying aspects of Catholicism and Protestantism to the Church of England.
King Henry VII ordered that England return to the Catholic Church, and ordered the persecution of many Protestant followers and clergy.
Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
René Descartes
Nicolaus Copernicus
What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?
A new, step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.
Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.
The geocentric view of the universe was discarded despite Church pressure in favor of the heliocentric model.
What general conclusion did Isaac Newton's observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?
The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.
The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explains and governs the motion of the planets and stars.
The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate and model a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.
Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.
