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Evolution and Systematics

Total questions: 175

Worksheet time: 7hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Taxonomy is derived from the Greek word __________

a)

taxi and nomos

b)

taxis and nomos

c)

tax and nomoni

d)

taxine and nomos

2.

Which of the following is not with the 7 Component Fields of Systematics?

a)

Evolutionary Biology

b)

Phylogenetics

c)

Geography

d)

Classification

3.

It provides much of the information for the reconstruction of phylogeny

a)

Systematics

b)

Biology

c)

Genetics

d)

Taxonomy

4.

When did Linnaeus published the Systema Naturae?

a)

1757

b)

1758

c)

1759

d)

1780

5.

What does AAZN means?

a)

America Association for Zoological Nomenclature

b)

American Association for Zoology Nomenclature

c)

Animal Association for Zoological Nomenclature

d)

American Association for Zoological Nomenclature

6.

Which of the following is one of the criteria for good publication?

a)

Must have been produced in an edition containing simultaneously obtainable copies by a method that assures numerous identical copies.

b)

Appear in a work published after 1753 for plants and 1758 for most animals.

c)

Must be obtainable, when first issued, free of charge or by purchase.

d)

Must be issued publically for the purpose of providing a permanent scientific record

7.

It is when a new genus and species is described with the same name for the genus and species epithet it becomes the type. An example is Bison bison. This is okay in zoology but not in botany

a)

Subsequent designation

b)

Monotypy

c)

Tautonymy

d)

Indication

8.

This concept relates to the application of different names to the same taxon.

a)

Hononymy

b)

Synonymy

c)

Antonymy

d)

Sanaoilnymy

9.

When using a cladistics approach to systematics, which of the following is considered most important for classification?

a)

Shared primitive characters

b)

Analogous primitive characters

c)

Shared derived characters

d)

The number of homoplasy

10.

Homologous structure

a)

Are found in animals that shares a common ancestor

b)

Share a common function

c)

Are no longer functional (vestigial )

d)

Are limited to vertebrate animals

11.

The four-chambered hearts of birds and the four-chambered hearts of mammals evolved independently of each other. If one were unaware of this independence, then one might logically conclude that

a)

The birds were the first to evolve a 4-chambered heart.

b)

Birds and mammals are more distantly related than is actually the case.

c)

Early mammals possessed feathers.

d)

The common ancestor of birds and mammals had a four-chambered heart

12.

Which of the following animals have wings that are not homologous to the others

a)

Ptersours

b)

Bat

c)

Insects

d)

Bird

13.

The tree below shows the phylogenetic relationships of seven taxa. Which of the following is NOT a clade (a group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants)?

a)

A+B + C

b)

B +C

c)

E+F

d)

B+C+E+F+G+H

14.

Scientists found the fossilized remains of a mammal’s jaw and leg. What additional information do scientists need to hypothesize the age of the fossil?

a)

The rest of the skeleton

b)

The continent where the fossils were found

c)

A stratigraphic layer where the fossils were found

d)

The climate at the time the mammal died

15.

Organism sharing analogous structures

a)

have a common ancestor

b)

evolve from the same prototype form

c)

exhibit structures that perform the same function, even if the two forms are not closely related embryologically

d)

None of the above

16.

Based on this tree, which of the following statements is not correct?

a)

The lineage leading to salamanders was the first to diverge from the other lineages.

b)

Salamanders are a sister group to the group containing lizards, goats, and humans.

c)

Salamanders are as closely related to goats as they are to humans.

d)

Lizards are more closely related to salamanders than lizards are to humans.

17.

Monkeys and apes have blood proteins more similar to each other than either is to the blood proteins of horses. What does this similarity suggest about monkeys and apes as compared to horses?

a)

Only monkeys and apes can interbreed

b)

Monkeys and apes live in the same habitat

c)

Monkeys and apes share a more recent common ancestor

d)

Monkeys and apes evolved at the same time

18.

Which of the following are homologous organs?

a)

Wings of bird and hands of human

b)

Nails of human being and claws in animals

c)

Wings of bird and wings of insect

d)

Wings of bat and wings cockroach

19.
Binomial nomenclature is the ____________ system for naming organisms.
a)
Numerical
b)
Symbolical
c)
two word
d)
alphabetical
20.
___ shows the relationship between species
a)
Classification
b)
Visible similarity
c)
Family history
d)
Biology
21.
Who developed the method of classification in the 18th century?
a)
Aristotle
b)
Plato
c)
Linnaeus
d)
Darwin
22.
Which of the following scientific names is written correctly? Assume all are in italics!
a)
Homo Sapien
b)
Homo sapien
c)
homo sapien
d)
Homosapien
23.
Scientists use the __ __ of organisms because it is always the same
a)
Common name
b)
Scientific name
c)
First name
d)
Nick name
24.
Which taxon is broader (more organisms included)?
a)
Phylum
b)
Family
c)
Order
d)
Class
25.
Which domain is capable of living in extreme environments like hot springs, geysers, or very salty waters?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Archaea
c)
Eukarya
26.
In the 8 levels of classification which level is the broadest category? 
a)
Kingdom
b)
Family
c)
Species
d)
Domain
27.
Who organized living things based on shared characteristics and created a system for assigning scientific names?
a)
Carolus Linnaeus
b)
Robert Hooke
c)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
d)
James Watson
28.
Things that are classified together ___________.
a)
are not related to each other.
b)
share a similar evolutionary history.
c)
are larger organisms.
d)
have a different evolutionary history
29.
What are the 8 levels of classification of living things from most general to most specific?
a)
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
b)
domain, kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genius, species
c)
domain, kingdom, family, class, order, family, genus, species
d)
domain, king, phillip, class, order, family, genus, species
30.

Which of the following taxa contain the fewest members?

a)

phyllum

b)

family

c)

genus

d)

class

31.

Strains of cultivated rice have accumulated different mutant recessive alleles at two loci in the course of their divergence from a common ancestor. Hybrids between them are vigorous and fertile, but plants in the next generation that carry too many of these recessive alleles are small and sterile. This is an example of

a)

reduced hybrid viability

b)

reduced hybrid fertility

c)

hybrid breakdown

d)

temporal isolation

32.

In North America, the geographic ranges of the western spotted skunk and the eastern spotted skunk overlap, but the western spotted skunk mates in late summer and the eastern spotted skunk mates in late winter. This is an example of

a)

behavioral isolation

b)

habitat isolation

c)

mechanical isolation

d)

temporal isolation

33.

requires geographic isolation

a)

allopatric speciation

b)

sympatric speciation

c)

both

34.

occurs in same geographic area

a)

allopatric speciation

b)

sympatric speciation

c)

both

35.

continued production of hybrid individuals in hybrid zone

a)

fusion

b)

reinforcement

c)

stability

36.

What type of isolation occurs when two species that occupy different habitats within the same area may encounter each other rarely, if at all, even though they are not isolated by obvious physical barriers, such as mountain ranges?

a)

behavioral

b)

habitat

c)

hybrid breakdown

d)

reduced hybrid fertility

37.

The Isthmus of Panama separates two species of fish that are more closely related to each other than they are to the other species of fish in the bodies of water in which they exist. This most likely resulted from

a)

allopatric speciation

b)

sympatric speciation

38.
What is an invasive species?
a)
a species that settles in a new region, where it does harm to the environment, the economy, or human health
b)
a species that naturally migrates to a new region, where it can be helpful or harmful to the environment
c)
a species that is native to a region, where it does harm to the environment, the economy, or human health
d)
a species that is introduced to a new region by human intervention, where it can either do harm or be helpful to the environment
39.
Nonnative species can cause significant damage to the regions where they are introduced. What evidence from the passage supports this conclusion?
a)
Scientists estimate that some 50,000 foreign species have settled in the U.S.
b)
The cane toad was introduced in Australia to eat the beetles that were destroying sugarcane crops.
c)
The zebra mussels clog pipes, causing millions of dollars in damage to power plants.
d)
The salt cedar shrub is now the favorite nesting site for the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher.
40.

What did Charles Darwin name his first theory?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Adaptation Theory

c)

The Changing World

d)

Animals and Plants Adapt Overtime

41.

What is 'evolution'?

a)

Exploring islands for different species

b)

Animals change over time to survive where they live

c)

The amount of different species

d)

Animals reproducing and creating offspring

42.

What did Darwin suggest our 340 different breeds of dog originate from many moons ago?

a)

Cats

b)

Fish

c)

Wolves

d)

Dinosaurs

43.

What was the name of the boat that Darwin travelled the globe on, in search of animals and to collect fossils?

a)

The Antarctic Ship

b)

Natural Selection

c)

HMS Beagle

d)

Titanic

44.

What was the name of the species of bird that Charles Darwin spent a lot of time researching?

a)

Sparrow

b)

Eagle

c)

Falcon

d)

Finch

45.

What does the word 'extinct' mean?

a)

The creation of new species

b)

How animals adapt overtime

c)

When a species are no longer in existence

d)

The evolution of an animal or plant

46.

What was Charles Darwin's occupation?

a)

Naturalist

b)

Marine Biologist

c)

Archeologist

d)

Paleontologist

47.

On which Islands did Darwin research the different species of finch?

a)

Channel Islands

b)

Balearic Islands

c)

Hawaiian Islands

d)

Galapagos Islands

48.

According to the book, how long does it take for adaptations of a species to eventually create a whole new species?

a)

1 year

b)

100 years

c)

Not very long

d)

Tens of thousands of years

49.
When was Charles Darwin's famous book published?
a)
1759
b)
1829
c)
1859
d)
1879
50.

Why did Darwin join the voyage of the HMS Beagle?

a)

Because he was interested in trade routes.

b)

Because he needed the money.

c)

Because he wanted to expand on his research as a naturalist/ because a friend of his suggested he join the crew as a naturalist.

d)

Because he was developing new medicines.

51.

Why did Darwin finally publish his results?

a)

He wanted to go on another voyage and the only way to do that was to show he found something during his first one.

b)

He needed to make money and thought that his book would be a huge success.

c)

His daughter found his book and told him that he need to publish it.

d)

A friend of his, Alfred Wallace, sent him a document with similar findings. Also, Captain Fitzroy published his account of the voyage.

52.

What scientist concluded that if the population continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient food/space?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Thomas Malthus

c)

James Hutton

d)

Charles Lyell

53.

What tool is used to compare two traits in a step-by-step fashion to help one identify an organism?

a)

Cladogram

b)

Dichotomous Key

c)

Graph

d)

Word classification

54.

Which scientific name is written correctly?

a)

Canis familiaris

b)

Canis familiaris

c)

Canis Familiaris

d)

canis familiaris

55.

Which rule for writing scientific names is incorrect?

a)

the species name begins with a lower case letter

b)

the genus name begins with a lower case letter

c)

both species name and genus name are in italics

d)

the genus is first and the species is second

56.
What is speciation?
a)
The change from one species into two or more distinct species. 
b)
The movement of a group of organisms into a new area. 
c)
The ability to mate and reproduce.
d)
The death of an entire species. 
57.
The Biological Species Concept says...
a)
Organisms are part of the same species if they breed
b)
Organisms are part of the same species if they look the same
c)
Organisms are part of the same species if they can produce offspring that can also breed
d)
Organisms are part of the same species if they look the same and act the same
58.
The Biological Species Concept relies on what do distingish species?
a)
Reproductive Isolation
b)
Genetic Differences
59.
Reproductive Isolation includes what?
a)
Mechanical
(The bits don't fit)
b)
Behavioral
(Dance for me)
c)
All of these!
d)
Geographic
(You live how far?)
60.
Does the Biological Species Concept work every time?
a)
Yes!
b)
No!
61.
This species concept says something is the same species based on their ability to mate with one another.
a)
Biological Species Concept
b)
Ecological Species Concept
c)
Morphological Species Concept
d)
Genotypic Species Concept
62.
This species concept says something is the same species based on their ability to mate with one another.
a)
Biological Species Concept
b)
Ecological Species Concept
c)
Morphological Species Concept
d)
Genotypic Species Concept
63.
This species concept says something is the same species based on their physical similarities
a)
Biological Species Concept
b)
Ecological Species Concept
c)
Morphological Species Concept
d)
Genotypic Species Concept
64.
This species concept says something is the same species based on the similarity of their genetics
a)
Biological Species Concept
b)
Ecological Species Concept
c)
Morphological Species Concept
d)
Genotypic Species Concept
65.
This species concept says something is NOT the same species if they are pretty different and live in very different places, even if they can interbreed
a)
Biological
b)
Ecological
c)
Morphological
d)
Phylogenetic
66.

All members of a species in a certain location that are able to mate

a)

Gene Pool

b)

Allele Frequency

c)

Bell Curve

d)

Population

67.

One variation/version of a gene

a)

Allele

b)

Analogous

c)

Homologous

d)

Mutation

68.

All of the alleles of all of the genes within a population

a)

Allele Frequency

b)

Gene Pool

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Genetic Equilibrium

69.

The mechanism of Evolution (environment will determine who does/does not survive...based on their phenotypes)

a)

Stabilizing Selection

b)

Directional Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

d)

Natural Selection

70.

The movement of an organism into or out of a population.


The population CANNOT maintain genetic equilibrium if this takes place.

a)

Migration

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Allele Frequency

d)

Speciation

71.

A change in the base sequence of DNA.


This can cause genetic variation in a population.

a)

Emigation

b)

Immigration

c)

Mutation

d)

Adaptation

72.

This population would have very little genetic variation (more susceptible to genetic drift) .

a)

Large Population

b)

Small Population

73.

Maintained (gene pool does not shift in allele frequencies) IF the population shows all five specific

Hardy-Weinberg requirements:

1) Random mating

2) Large Population

3) No migration

4) No mutations

5) No Natural Selection

a)

Genetic Equilibrium

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Sexual Selection

d)

Disruptive Selection

74.

This is a ________

(a graphical representation of how many individuals express a particular allele in a given population)

a)

Common Curve

b)

Grading Curve

c)

Bell Curve

d)

Weighted Curve

75.

Organisms select mates based on pre-determined factors (color, behavior, etc)

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Stabilizing Selection

d)

Directional Selection

76.

The most common trait of a population becomes less common, while the extremes become more common.

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Stabilizing Selection

d)

Directional Selection

77.

A type of selection which eliminates ONE extreme phenotype.

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Stabilizing Selection

d)

Directional Selection

78.

Selection where the most common trait becomes even more common while the extremes decrease

a)

Disruptive Selection

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Stabilizing Selection

d)

Directional Selection

79.

This shows: _________________

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Disruptive Selection

c)

Sexual Selection

d)

Stabilizing Selection

80.

This shows: _________________

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Disruptive Selection

c)

Sexual Selection

d)

Stabilizing Selection

81.

This shows: _________________

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Disruptive Selection

c)

Sexual Selection

d)

Stabilizing Selection

82.

What do we call the groups in which we classify organisms?

a)

Categories

b)

Classes

c)

Sets

d)

Taxons

83.

The LARGEST classification group (at the top) is:

a)

Very exclusive

b)

Very inclusive

c)

Very small

d)

Very specific

84.

What is the most exclusive taxon?

a)

Domain

b)

Family

c)

Species

d)

Order

85.

What is the most inclusive taxon?

a)

Phylum

b)

Order

c)

Class

d)

Domain

86.
_________ is the fact that organisms change over time and are related through common ancestors. 
a)
Theory of Natural Selection
b)
Theory of Need
c)
Theory of Use and Disuse
d)
Theory of Evolution
87.
_______ believed that organisms develop traits needed for survival and that traits that were unused would become weaker and gradually disappear. 
a)
Darwin
b)
Lamarck
c)
Mendel
d)
Watson
88.
____________ believed that those organisms that were best suited for their environment would survive and pass on their beneficial traits to their offspring. 
a)
Darwin
b)
Lamarck
c)
Watson
d)
Mendel
89.
Similar structures that are found in different species are called _____________. 
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Vestigial Structures 
c)
Identical Structures
d)
Necessary Structures
90.
A structure or organ that seems to serve no purpose, but resembles structures with functional roles in other organisms are called ____________. 
a)
Necessary Structures
b)
Homologous Structures
c)
Vestigial Structures 
d)
Ancestry Structures
91.
Wisdom teeth in humans would be an example of what? 
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Mandatory Structures
c)
Ancestry Structures
d)
Vestigial Structures
92.
Looking at the similarities in development between different organisms would be an example of which piece of evidence?
a)
Palentology
b)
Embryology
c)
Cytology
d)
Structure Analysis
93.
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 
a)
artificial selection
b)
adaptation
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
tendency towards perfection
94.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
95.
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the 
a)
possession of adaptations developed through use.
b)
 possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
c)
lack of competition within the species.
d)
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
96.

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

a)

Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

Because they come from dominant alleles.

c)

Because they come from recessive alleles.

d)

Because the organism knew it needed that trait, survives, and passes it on.

97.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

changes in genotype, but not phenotype

98.

Why is competition important for natural selection?

a)

It shows which variations are more successful, allowing the organisms with those variations to survive.

b)

It causes organisms, regardless of which traits they have, to die out, reducing the population size.

c)

It causes organisms to get stronger due to having to outcompete other species.

d)

Competition is not important for natural selection.

99.

1. The process of choosing parent organisms for desired characteristics is called

a)

natural selection

b)

Artificial selection

c)

random selection

d)

genetic manipulation

100.

Which statement is true comparing natural selection and artificial selection?

a)

In natural selection, traits benefit humans and in artificial selection, the traits benefit the species

b)

In natural selection, traits benefit the species and in artificial selection, the traits benefit humans

c)

In natural and artificial selection, the process takes hundreds of years to occur

d)

In natural and artificial selection, nature determines what traits will be passed down to offspring.

101.
Which gas was not present in early Earth atmosphere?
a)
Oxygen (O2)
b)
Methane (CH4)
c)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
d)
Water Vapor (H2O)
102.
Nature has a way of causing organisms that inherit advantageous traits to survive and reproduce more successfully than the ones that don't. This process is known as...
a)
natural selection
b)
genetic variation
c)
adaptation
d)
overproduction
103.
A beetle's ability to camouflage (blend in) with a nearby leaf allows it to escape a hungry frog's appetite.
This is an example of an:
a)
overproduction
b)
genetic variation
c)
selection
d)
adaptation
104.
Evolution is the fundamental concept underlying all of biology and is supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence. Which of the following types of evidence supports evolution?
a)
fossil records
b)
molecular biology
c)
comparative embryology
d)
all of these
105.
The first organisms evolved on Earth around 4 billion years ago.  The fossil record indicates that the first organisms were which of the following?
a)
prokaryotes
b)
mitochondria
c)
plastids
d)
eukaryotes
106.
What book did Darwin write?
a)
Principles of Geology
b)
Essays on the Principles of Populations
c)
On the Origin of Species
d)
Evolution on the Galapagos Islands
107.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
108.
This scientist stated that by using or not using a certain body part, organisms could change in their lifetime and that the trait gained would be passed down to their offspring.
a)
James Hutton
b)
Charles Lyell
c)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d)
Thomas Malthus
109.
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment 
a)
diversity.
b)
evolution
c)
adaptation. 
d)
 fitness.
110.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a fossil?
a)
a petrified dinosaur bone
b)
a footprint captured in mud
c)
a seashell found on the beach
d)
an insect stuck in amber
111.
The endosymbiotic theory proposed that eukaryotic cells arose from
a)
Individual prokaryotic cells
b)
Muticellular prokaryotes
c)
Communities formed by prokaryotes
d)
Communities formed by eukaryotes
112.
Miller and Urey experiment attempted to demonstrate
a)
how Earth first formed
b)
Whether DNA or RNA evolved first
c)
Whether organic molecules could have formed before life was present
d)
How the deepest part of Earth formed
113.
What is survival of the fittest?
a)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
b)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
c)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
d)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
114.
being the "fittest" in evolutionary terms always means the biggest, strongest, fastest
a)
True
b)
False
115.

Mutations cause new traits.

a)

Acquired Characteristics (Lamarck)

b)

Natural Selection (Darwin)

c)

Mutation Theory (De Vries)

d)

Mutation-Selection (Neo-Darwinism)

116.

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

a)

Mutations cause new traits.

b)

The environment causes new traits.

c)

Allows only those with the best traits to survive.

d)

Mutations produce new traits and selection allows the best of those to survive.

117.

Mimicry means:

a)

A tree that has pink flowers in the spring

b)

When one living thing looks like a different kind of living thing

c)

A way an animal blends in with its environment

118.

Camouflage means:

a)

A special dessert

b)

When an animal looks like another animal

c)

A way an animal can look like its surroundings

119.

Which is NOT an example of mimicry:

a)

The fur of an arctic fox turns white in winter to match the snow

b)

The tongue of an alligator snapping turtle looks like a worm, so he lures fish to his mouth

c)

A bad tasting butterfly & a good tasting butterfly have similar markings, so birds don't eat either kind

120.

Which picture is an example of mimicry?

a)
b)
121.

Why would a rabbit's fur be brown in the summer and white in the winter?

a)

The rabbit likes to change fur color.

b)

The rabbit learned it from its parents.

c)

The changing of fur color help the bunny blend in with its surroundings.

122.

Some butterflies have spots on their wings that look like snake eyes. This is called

a)

A pretty butterfly

b)

Instinct

c)

camouflage

d)

mimicry

123.
When an animal looks like another animal it is called ______________.
a)
camouflage
b)
mimicry
c)
warning coloration
d)
protective resemblance
124.
A wasp beetle has the same body markings as a wasp.  this helps the wasp beetle because predators think it's a wasp.  This adaptation is called...?
a)
behavior
b)
countershading
c)
camouflage
d)
mimicry
125.

Biomimicry can also be referred to as

a)

bionature

b)

biomimetics

c)

copy cat design

d)

biodesign

126.

Based on the evidence in the diagram below, the taxon that lived the most recently is

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

127.
Which type of evolution shows a common ancestor?  
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
adaptive radiation 
d)
both divergent and adaptive radiation 
128.
In convergent evolution, organisms share physical similarities because they 
a)
have a common ancestor
b)
live in the same enviornment
c)
develop homologous structures
d)
are closely related 
129.
a)
The image shows analogous structures.
b)
The image shows convergent evolution.
c)
The image shows adaptive radiation. 
d)
The image shows organisms that are not closely related.
130.
a)
The image shows convergent evolution.
b)
The image shows divergent evolution.
c)
The image shows adaptive radiation.
d)
The image shows homologous structures.
131.
Flying fish, flying birds, and bats are examples of which of the following?
a)
convergent evolution & homologous structures
b)
convergent evolution & analogous structures
c)
divergent evolution & homologous structures
d)
divergent evolution & analogous structures
132.
What happens in divergent evolution? 
a)
organisms become more similar
b)
organisms become less similar
c)
species become more related
d)
adaptive radiation always occurs
133.
What is the correct defintion of a species?
a)
Same type of organisms living in an area.
b)
Same type of organisms that can reproduce.
c)
Organisms that can reproduce and fertilize offspring.
d)
Organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
134.
What is a mass extinction?
a)
When all the species in a particular area on earth suddenly go extinct
b)
When multiple species from all over the earth suddenly go extinct 
c)
When one species goes extinct due to habitat changes
d)
When all life on earth is wiped out 
135.
The evolution of an ancestral species into an array of species that occupy different niches
a)
convergent evolution
b)
coevolution
c)
speciation
d)
adaptive radiation
136.
A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone
a)
adaptive radiation.
b)
coevolution.
c)
punctuated equilibrium.
d)
mass extinction.
137.
Sharks and dolphins both have streamlined bodies that allow them to move through water efficiently, this is an example of which type of evolution?
a)
Divergent
b)
Coevolution
c)
Convergent
d)
Artificial
138.

Cichlid fishes in lakes of the East African Rift. The lakes in this area are believed to support and sustain about 2,000 different species of these fish, each with different ecological and morphological characteristics such as body size. These lakes form a fragmented landscape that bio-geographically isolates the different species of cichlid fish from one another, allowing them, and many of the organisms they live with, to evolve separately.

a)

Phyletic Speciation

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Convergent Evoltion

d)

Co-evolution

139.
Humans are causing extiction in which ways?
a)
By over hunting animals for food or products.
b)
By destroying the natural habitat of species.
c)
By polluting the environments of the world.
d)
All of the above.
140.

An adaptation in which an otherwise harmless animal looks like a harmful animal in order to protect itself

a)

Variation

b)

Trait

c)

Mimicry

d)

Camouflage

141.

A characteristic belonging to an organism

a)

Gene

b)

Innate Behavior

c)

Adaptation

d)

Trait

142.

The process of being or becoming different

a)

Variation

b)

Coevolution

c)

Convergent Evolution

d)

Evolve

143.

When two species evolved together, adapting to ways of life by relying on each other for survival (i.e. bees and flowers)

a)

Adaptive Radiation

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Convergent Evolution

d)

Coevolution

144.

When several species evolve from a single ancestor (i.e. Darwin's finches)

a)

Adaptive Radiation

b)

Sexual Selection

c)

Coevolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

145.

Traits that are passed on when the female chooses a particular trait in a male (i.e. female birds choosing a particular tail feather in a male)

a)

Sexual Selection

b)

Coevolution

c)

Adaptive Radiation

d)

Convergent Evolution

146.

The number of species on island depends on the size of the island and its distance from mainland. This statement would most likely be made by _______________.

a)

a geologist

b)

an explorer

c)

a philosopher

d)

a biogeographer

147.

The first comprehensive theory of evolution, which proposed that the mechanism was an inner drive for improvement, was proposed by _______________.

a)

Aristotle

b)

Lamarck

c)

Wallace

d)

St Hillarie

148.

Presence of vestigial body parts in organisms like coccyx in human and leg bones in snakes _______________.

a)

challenge prevailing beliefs

b)

support idea on evolution

c)

add up naturalist confusion

d)

all of the above

149.

Porpoise flippers, human arms, bat wings and elephat’s leg are different outwardly but have similar form internally. This shows they have_________________.

a)

common ancestory

b)

common eating behaviour

c)

common habitat

d)

all of the above

150.

These are inferences made in the Principle of Natural Selection except:

a)

Individuals with less adaptive traits cannot survive.

b)

Adaptive traits may make an individual better suited to an environment.

c)

Individuals that better suited to environment are better able to survive tend to leave more offsprings

d)

Frequency of adaptive tends to become more common in a population over time.

151.

The first to propose that the mechanism for the evolution of organisms is by natural selection was _________________.

a)

Malthus

b)

Lamarck

c)

Darwin

d)

Wallace

152.

Parts or traces of an ancient organism preserved in rock are known as ____________.

a)

fossil

b)

amber

c)

rocks

d)

K-T boundary

153.

Similar in function or appearance, but not in origin or development.

a)

Homoplasty

b)

Homologous

c)

Analogous

d)

Vestigial

154.
Which of the following correctly describes the general trend in hominid evolution?
a)
thickening of the skull, protruding teeth, organized hunting
b)
large canine teeth, small skulls, diet of coarse plant material
c)
larger body size, broad forehead, smaller brains
d)
increase in brain capacity, bipedalism, use of tools
155.
Prehistoric humans are called _________________.
a)
Homo  anthroape
b)
Hominids
c)
Lucy
d)
Cavemen
156.
What happened to the hominid jaw and brain size over time? 
a)
The jaw size decreased while the brain size decreased.
b)
The jaw size increased while the brain size decreased.
c)
The jaw size decreased while the brain size increased.
d)
The jaw size increased while the brain size increased.
157.

The ability to walk upright on two legs is called:

a)

bipedalism

b)

quadropedalism

c)

bicyclepedalism

d)

tripedalism

158.
According to this evolutionary tree, birds are LEAST related to: 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
159.
Structures that have the same function but different structures are...
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
vestigial structures
d)
embryology 
160.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
161.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins, what is probably TRUE?
a)
species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor
b)
species A evolved independently of species B for a long period
c)
species A is younger than species B
d)
species A is older than species B
162.
Theory of Evolution by natural selection: 
a)
populations will change over time to better fit their environment 
b)
genetic traits that aid evolution are not passed on to offspring
c)
variation does not exist between members of the same species
d)
no more offspring are born into a population that can survive 
163.
Scientists classify organisms to ____________.
a)
Count the organisms quicker
b)
Catch the organisms in the wild
c)
Train the organisms to behave
d)
See how organisms are alike and different from each other
164.
A factor or factors that can affect species distribution is/are ____.
a)
Predation
b)
Disease
c)
Competition
d)
All of the above
165.
If birth rate plus immigration exceeds death rate plus emigration, a population _______.
a)
grows
b)
declines
c)
stays the same
d)
none of the above
166.
Organisms may compete for which of the following resources?
a)
mates
b)
food
c)
territory
d)
all of the above
167.

Who is the father of evolution?

a)

Darwin

b)

Mendel

c)

Newton

d)

Einstein

168.

Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection?

a)

People selectively breeding hamsters.

b)

Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.

c)

Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.

d)

Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.

169.

What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?

a)

Their feathers

b)

Genotypes

c)

Their beaks

d)

Their body sizes

170.

The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution. How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?

a)

Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.

b)

Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.

c)

Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.

d)

Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.

171.

Genetic drift is more likely to happen in...

a)

aquatic populations

b)

small populations

c)

terrestrial populations

d)

older populations

172.

Which of the following is an example of the bottleneck effect?

a)

Cheetah populations reach their lowest levels with reduced diversity and as they rebound are so genetically similar they appear to be inbred.

b)

Affected individuals with blue skin can trace their ancestry back to one of the first settlers in the region.

c)

The environment of a fox population changes and over time foxes who are white survive and pass on their genes to their offspring.

d)

Humans choose two dogs they like the characteristics of and breed them together.

173.

Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?

a)

Humans choose two dogs they like the characteristics of and breed them together.

b)

Affected individuals with blue skin can trace their ancestry back to one of the first settlers in the region.

c)

The environment of a fox population changes and over time foxes who are white survive and pass on their genes to their offspring.

d)

Cheetah populations reach their lowest levels with reduced diversity and as they rebound are so genetically similar they appear to be inbred.

174.

Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...

a)

random chance

b)

natural selection

c)

non-random mating (sexual selection)

d)

artificial selection

175.

This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.

a)

Extinction

b)

Gene flow

c)

Genetic drift

d)

Natural Selection