This is the real thing e.g. a teacher can bring in banana and apple teach those words.

Instead of telling Ss, you can ask them a question, give a definition, etc. to encourage them to say it instead of you.

These are pictures of different things, people, or places often mounted onto card.

These are short (often yes/no) questions you ask to make sure the students have understood what you want them to do.

This is where you use your fingers as a visual way of showing i.e, syllables in a word or contractions.

A useful strategy for checking students' understanding of specific language.

An activity or task a student does with another student.

An activity or task done by three or more students.

During these stages, the teacher is the centre of attention and most exchanges go through or to the teacher.

This is where all the students repeat something, i.e., a word or longer stretch of language at the same time.

This is where you say something to show students how a word is pronounced or how a language item is used in a sentence.

These are stages where the teacher might check answers, opinions, or language after students have done the activity.

These are activities where the students are all actively engaged, and the focus is off the teacher.

This is where two students exchange language across the classroom with the other students listening.

This is where students work in twos. All students are working at the same time.

This is where you ask individual students to repeat something. E.g., to help with the pronunciation of a word/sentence.

This is what teachers do when they want the students to notice something interesting about a word or sentence.