is an effort to improve educational and employment opportunities for groups that have been subjected to discrimination in the past.

any state or local laws that enforced or legalized racial segregation.

People had to prove a level of reading and writing in order to vote

a law signed in 1882 prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.. First law in the U.S. banning a specific group of people from immigrating to t

the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

signed in 1942 by FDR. This law placed Japanese Americans on the West Coast to internment camps for the entirety of WWII

part of the Education Act that states no person shall be denied access to participation in school activities on the basis of gender.

Systematic denial of services. Often seen in housing, lending.