Any of a wide variety of exercises, activities, or devices used in the language classroom for realizing lesson objectives.

Designs for carrying a particular language program. Features include a primary concern with the specification of linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials to meet the needs of a designated group of learners in a defined context.

The teacher tests students on the Spanish meaning for a set of words in their mother tongue.

A generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives. Primarily concerned with teacher and student roles and behaviors and secondarily with such features as linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials. They are almost always thought of as being broadly applicable to a variety of audiences in a variety of contexts.

Students work in groups to make five questions about vocabulary from the previous unit. Then, they exchange questions with another group and try to answer the questions.

The teacher introduces new vocabulary and grammar structure. Students complete exercises on their books. Then the teacher checks their answers. The teacher asks students to compare their answers with other classmates.

Student ask their classmates when their birthdays are and write the answers down. They try to find a different child foe each month of the year.

Theoretical positions and beliefs about the nature of language, the nature of language learning, and the applicability of both to pedagogical settings.

The teacher tells a story about animals. Children make animal noises every time they hear the name of the animal.