A combination of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

The ways to write an isotope

The location of the atom’s mass.

The initial or starting isotope before decay.

The resulting isotope after decay.

The ratio of protons to neutrons in the nucleus of an atom determines its stability. Isotopes which are _______ are radioactive.

One way to write isotope notation is the name of the element - _________.

Another way to write the isotope notation is with the element symbol and the mass number (superscript) to the top left and the __________ (subscript) to the bottom left.

Uses of isotopes consist of _________ objects such as in carbon dating.

Unstable isotopes decay into stable ones at a fixed rate called the element’s _________.

Which is not a use of an isotope?

What does the 12 in this image represent?

What does the 6 in this isotope represent?

Which is not a type of radiation?

Which type of radiation has the strongest penetration power?

Which type of radiation has the lowest penetration power?

An ________ particle consists of two protons and two neutrons bound together. They have a positive charge and are sometimes represented by the chemical symbol He2+.

__________ is another common decay process which occurs when there are too many neutrons. In this case, a neutron may be converted into a proton, an electron and another particle.

Beta particles have _________ penetration power.

In beta decay, the number of neutrons in the atom decreases by one, and the number of protons increases by one. Beta- decay also releases an _________.

Gamma radiation can penetrate most common substances, including metals. The only

substances that can absorb this radiation are thick ________ and concrete.

Gamma radiation has no mass or charge therefore the atomic number and ________ do not change.

This type of radiation can pass through thin paper but not aluminum sheet.

When the nucleus has too many protons ________ particles are released.

The result of a neutron being converted to a proton, an electron and a neutrino.

____________ is the process in which the nucleus of the atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei.

Nuclear fission of heavy elements is an _________reaction and releases large amounts of kinetic energy in the fission products as well as gamma radiation.

__________ is the process of two smaller nuclei joining (or fusing) together to form a heavier nucleus.

Nuclear fusion reactions occur in _______ where two hydrogen nuclei fuse together to form a helium nucleus.

Which is not an example of what is created by nuclear fusion processes.

Fission _______ atomic nuclei into smaller units.

Fusion ________ atomic nuclei together. Therefore, the resulting nucleus has more neutrons or more protons than that of the initial nuclei.

On rare occasions, fission occurs __________ on Earth when unstable isotopes such as uranium decay spontaneously. In contrast, fusion never occurs naturally on Earth but does occur in space.

What process does this image show?

What process does this image show?

All equations showing alpha decay release ____.

All equations showing gamma decay have _____.

All equations for beta decay show no change to the mass number but the _______ does change therefore changing the element.