American statesman and member of the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention; he was an author if the Federalists Papers, which supported ratification of the Constitution; and he was the first secretary of treasury under George Washington and developed the Bank of the U.S

The group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisers

The national bank, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by Congress in 1791

Political party known for its support of strong state governments, founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalists Party

A political system dominated by two major parties

A tax on imported goods that its intended to protect a nation's business from foreign competition

A tax on the production, sale or consumption of goods produced within a century

A refusal to take part in a war between other nations

French ambassador to the U.S. during the French Revolution, his attempt to recruit American soldiers for a war against the British outraged president Washington

U.S. minister to Great Britain; he negotiated a treaty with Spain to settle the U.S.-Florida border and allow Americans use of the Mississippi River

Chief of the Miami people; in 1791 he won the greatest victory Native Americans had ever achieved over white armies

American statesman and member of the Continental Congress; he authored some of the Federalists Papers and negotiated Jay's Treaty with Great Britain to settle outstanding disputes

The placing of the interests of one's own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

A series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the U.S.

A state's refusal to recognize and act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Democratic-Republican and running mate of Thomas Jefferson in the

1800 election

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Law that increased the number of federal judges by 16

Judge appointed to the Supreme Court by President Adams late on the last day of his administration

Court case that established the power of judicial review

The power of judges to declare a law unconstitutional

Land bought from France in 1803

Leaders of an expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase

Native American woman who served as a guide and interpreter for the Lewis and Clark expedition

Sealing ports to prevent other ships from entering or leaving

Act of seizing sailors to work on ships

A ban on exporting goods to other countries

Governor of the Indiana Territory

Shawnee chief who formed Native American confederation to fight Americans

One who favors war

General who led American forces in Battle of New Orleans

Treaty that ended the War of 1812

End to fighting