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AP Statistics Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 5hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the total area under the normal curve in a standard Normal distribution?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

2.

Two measures of center are marked on the density curve shown. Which of the following is correct?

a)

The median is at the yellow line and the mean is at the red line.

b)

The median is at the red line and the mean is at the yellow line.

c)

The mode is at the red line and the median is at the yellow line.

d)

The mode is at the yellow line and the median is at the red line.

e)

.

The mode is at the red line and the mean is at the yellow line.

3.
A z-score tells you...
a)
the standard deviation of a sampling distribution.
b)
the original raw score on which it is based.
c)
if the distribution it comes from is normal.
d)
how many standard deviations away from the mean a score lies.
4.
If Gonzalo's score is 87, the class average is 82, and the SD is 4, what is Gonzalo's Z-score?
a)
-1.25
b)
+1.25
c)
+1.20
d)
+1.02
5.
Adam's Z-score on a test is +2.5.  What does this mean?
a)
He'd better start studying.
b)
He did better than EVERYONE.
c)
He scored 2.5 standard deviations above the average.
d)
He did terrible.
6.

If I tell you that you scored at the 55th percentile on your final exam, you would know:

a)

55% of the class scored the same or worse than you did

b)

You earned a 55% on the exam

c)

You failed the exam

d)

You scored in the top 55%.

7.
The 75th percentile is also know as the
a)
median
b)
third quartile
c)
1st quartile`
d)
interquartile range
8.

The Median is

a)

the 25th Percentile

b)

the 50th Percentile

c)

the 75th Percentile

d)

the 100th Percentile

9.

What is the best description of the shape of this distribution?

a)

approximately uniform

b)

approximately Normal

c)

mostly regular

d)

bimodal

10.
A least-squares regression line for predicting performance on a college entrance exam based on high school grade point average (GPA) is determined to be
predicted score = 273.5 + 91.2(GPA)
One student in the study had a high school GPA of 3.2 and an exam score of 550.  What is the residual for this student? 
a)
15.34
b)
40.23
c)
-40.23
d)
-15.34
11.
The correlation coefficient is represented by what? 
a)
r
b)
r^2
c)
s
d)
c
12.

r measures

a)
whether there is a relationship between two variables
b)

the strength of the relationship between two quantitative variables

c)
whether or not a scatterplot shows an interesting pattern
d)

the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables

13.
Which of the following is true of the correlation r? 
a)
It is a resistant measure of association
b)
It's between -1 and 1 inclusively. 
c)
If r is the correlation between X and Y, then -r is the correlation between Y and X
d)
Whenever all the data lie on a perfectly straight-line, the correlation will always be equal to +1.0
14.
What shape is a normal distribution curve?
a)
Half curve
b)
Round curve
c)
Bell curve
d)
Square curve
15.

The scores on a university examination are Normally distributed with a mean of 62 and a standard deviation of 11. If the bottom 5% of students will fail the course, what is the lowest mark that a student can have and still be awarded a passing grade?

a)

40

b)

43

c)

44

d)

57

e)

62

16.

Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?

a)

IQR

b)

Mean

c)

Standard Deviation

d)

Range

17.

At a college the scores on the Spanish final exam are approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 12. The scores on the Humanities final are also approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 8. A student scored 81 on the Spanish final and 84 on the Humanities final. Relative to the students in each respective class, in which subject did this student do better?

a)

The student did better in Spanish.

b)

The student did better in Humanities.

c)

There is no basis for comparison, since the subjects are different from each other and are in different departments.

d)

The student did equally well in each course.

e)

There is not enough information for comparison.

18.
The stem-and-leaf diagram below gives the distribution of the ages in years of 20 participants at a family reunion. Which of the following statements about the distribution is correct?
a)

The distribution of ages is skewed left.

b)

The median age was 45 years old.

c)

The oldest person in attendance was 98.

d)

20% of the attendees are younger than 10 years old.

19.

Of the following dotplots, which represents the set of data that has the greatest standard deviation?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

20.

Which of the following histograms has a shape that is approximately uniform?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

21.

Gina's doctor told her that the standardized score (z- score) for her systolic blood pressure, as compared to the blood pressure of other women her age, is 1.50.

Which of the following is the best interpretation of this standardized score?

a)

Gina's systolic blood pressure is 150.

b)

Gina's systolic blood pressure is 1.50 standard deviations above the average systolic blood pressure of women her age.

c)

Gina's systolic blood pressure is 1.50 above the average systolic blood pressure of women her age.

d)

Gina's systolic blood pressure is 1.50 times the average systolic blood pressure for women her age.

e)

Only 1.5% of women Gina's age have a higher systolic blood pressure than she does.

22.

For which of the following distributions is the mean greater than the median?

a)
b)

c)

d)

e)

23.

Which of the graphs would have a correlation coefficient of r = 0.69 ?

a)
b)
c)
d)
24.

When ice cream sales increase, incidents of sunburn increase.

a)

Correlation

b)

Causation

25.
Which of the following is the regression equation for this data?
a)
Price^ = 87.3180 - 19.4(Area)
b)
Price^ = -19.4 + 0.1297(Area)
c)
Area^ = -19.4 + 0.1297(Price)
d)
Price^ = 0.1297 - 19.4(Area)
26.
What would be the correlation be between temperature and ice cream sales?
a)
positive correlation
b)
negative correlation
c)
no correlation
d)
cannot be determined
27.

Estimate the correlation coefficient.

a)

r = -0.8

b)

r = -0.5

c)

r = 0.5

d)

r = 0.8

28.

The ___________________ measures the percent of the variability in the response variable that is accounted for by the least-squares regression line.

a)

correlation r

b)

x2x^2  

c)

r2, r^2,\  the coefficient of determination

d)

coefficient of relaxation

29.
You are analyzing a scatter plot that has a negative correlation. What is true of the of the x and y values?
a)
As x increases, y decreases
b)
As x increases, y increases
c)
As x decreases, y decreases
30.

An independent research company wants to go door to door to survey people in the city of Fontana. The company decides to number all blocks within the city limit, randomly choose 1 block and survey all households on that block.

This is an example of:

a)

Simple Random Sample

b)

Stratified Random Sample

c)

Cluster Random Sample

d)

Systematic Random Sampling

31.

A teacher hands out an index card and asks ALL of her students to write down the following information: age, height (in inches), and what grade they are in.

Which of the following best describes her method of data collection?

a)

Census

b)

Simple Random Sample

c)

Cluster Random Sample

d)

Stratified Random Sample

32.

Farmer Joe's apple tree farm is set up in 100 rows.  He counts the number of apples produced on every 10th row to estimate the number apples produced on the whole farm.  This is _____________ random sampling.  

a)
Simple
b)
Stratified
c)
Cluster
d)
Systematic
33.

In order to estimate the proportion of students that text while driving, a school administrator selects a simple random sample of students from a list of all students at the school who have parking permits. The students are called to the office, one at a time. The administrator asks each student, “Do you text while driving, even though you are not supposed to?” Based on the survey, the administrator estimates that only 2% of students with parking passes text while driving. What potential bias is present in the design of this survey and what is the likely direction of the bias?

a)

The sample proportion is likely an underestimate of the population proportion due to response bias.

b)

The sample proportion is likely an underestimate of the population proportion due to undercoverage.

c)

The sample proportion is likely an underestimate of the population proportion due to nonresponse.

d)

The sample proportion is likely an overestimate of the population proportion due to response bias.

e)

The sample proportion is likely an overestimate of the population proportion due to undercoverage.

34.

At Central High School, 28% of the students are Freshmen, 26% are Sophomores, 24% are Juniors, and 22% are Seniors. The student manager of the school newspaper would like to conduct a survey to estimate the proportion of each class that plans to attend the upcoming Football game. She suggests surveying a random sample of 100 students, but specifically by selecting random samples of 28 Freshmen, 26 Sophomores, 24 Juniors, and 22 Seniors. Which of the following is a true statement about this sampling procedure?

a)

This is a simple random sample because students of every class have an equal chance of being selected.

b)

This is a cluster random sample because there are 4 groups of students that are to be selected.

c)

This is a convenience sample because only 100 students are surveyed, which is a manageable size.

d)

This is a stratified random sample because a separate random sample is selected from each class.

e)

Yes, because the difference between the sample proportion and the population proportion is 0.04, which is less than 0.05.

35.

Given the following VENN Diagram answer the following.


P( A | B )

a)

2

b)

2/3

c)

3/2

d)

.8

36.

Two fair dice are rolled and the numbers that appear are added. What is the probability that this sum is exactly 3?

a)

1/12

b)

1/18

c)

1/4

d)

1/6

37.

To determine if a data point is an outlier in a skewed distribution, use the 1.5 x IQR rule. This means that a value is

a)

Too high if Q3 + 1.5(IQR)

Too low if Q1 - 1.5(IQR)

b)

Outlier if greater than 1.5 times the IQR

c)

Outlier if less than 1.5 times the IQR

d)

Too low if Q3 - 1.5(IQR)

Too high if Q1 + 1.5(IQR)

38.

How do I find the Interquartile Range (IQR) on a box plot?

a)

Add the min. and max.

b)

Add Q1 and Q3

c)

Subtract Q1 from Q3

d)

Subtract the min. from the max.

39.

Students recorded the amount of minutes they spend watching TV. Using the box plot shown above, what is the median?

a)

72

b)

120

c)

60

d)

78

40.

A personal trainer conducted an experiment with some of her clients to see which exercise regime resulted in more fat loss. She randomly assigned 20 of her clients to one of two treatments: one group only lifted weights and the other only did cardio. The results showed more fat loss in the weight training group. For whom can we generalize these results?

a)

Any person who wants to lose weight.

b)

Human beings in general.

c)

All adults.

d)

All of the trainer's clients and those similar to them.

41.
The advantage of experiments over observational studies is that
a)
experiments can be used to establish causation.
b)
experiments do not have biased results because of the control group.
c)
the variables in an experiment cannot be confounded.
d)
the principle of blocking is applicable in experiments but not in surveys.
42.
In a study of PMS, 9 out of the 10 women surveyed reported that they were in a better mood after being on a diet that included 1,300 milligrams of calcium daily for 5.5 months. This study was conducted by the US Department of Agriculture. Which one of the following statements is NOT a valid criticism of this study?
a)
The study did not include a control group.
b)
Randomization was not incorporated in the study.
c)
There is no replication in the study.
d)
The women gave their own diagnosis of whether or not their moods improved.
43.
For which of the following purposes would it be most unreasonable to use a census?
a)
to determine the proportion of students with a learning disability in a small rural area high school
b)
to determine the proportion of red snappers with a high mercury level in the Gulf of Mexico
c)
to determine the mean wage earned by construction workers in a small town
d)
to determine the mean selling price of houses in your neighborhood
44.

A marketing firm conducts a study where 200 people are shown either a 30 second animated commercial or a 30 second live action commercial for the same product. After viewing the commercial, subjects are asked to rate the product ‘1’ to ’10.’

a)

Experiment

b)

Observational Study

45.

Cause and effect (causation) can only be proven with EXPERIMENTS.

a)

True

b)

False

46.

350 athletes who had suffered hamstring injuries were randomly assigned to one of two different exercise programs. The first group is assigned to a static stretching program and the second group is assigned to an agility and trunk stabilization program. The researchers recorded how long it took the athletes to return to sports. What are the treatments?

a)

Duration of the return

b)

Two different exercise programs

c)

350 athletes

47.

350 athletes who had suffered hamstring injuries were randomly assigned to one of two different exercise programs. The first group is assigned to a static stretching program and the second group is assigned to an agility and trunk stabilization program. The researchers recorded how long it took the athletes to return to sports. What is the response?

a)

Duration of the return

b)

Two different exercise programs

c)

350 athletes

48.

A researcher stood at a school parking lot entrance to see if the color of a car is related to the driver not wearing a seatbelt.

a)

Observational Study

b)

Experiment

49.

One group of subjects was given an herbal supplement and another group was given a placebo. After one year, the number of illnesses each group had was compared.

a)

Observational Study

b)

Experiment

50.

Which is TRUE?
I.  Random scatter in the residual plot indicates a linear model.
II.  If two variables are very strongly associated, then the correlation between them will be near 1 or -1.
III.  Changing the units of measurement for x or y changes the correlation coefficient.

a)
I only
b)
II only
c)
I and II only
d)
I, II and III
51.
What should a residual plot look like?
a)
Distinct Pattern
b)
Curve
c)
Random with no pattern
d)
A few clumps
52.
Which is the best CONTEXTUAL description of the y - intercept for the linear regression equation of the rats: Weight = 100 + 40(Time)?
a)
The y-intercept is 100, which means the rat is predicted to weigh 100 grams at birth. 
b)
The y-intercept is 100, which is where the graph crosses the y-axis. 
c)
100 is where the data starts on the y-axis. 
d)
The y-intercept is 100, which means at a weight of 0, the rat will take 100 seconds.
53.
Which is the best CONTEXTUAL description of the y - intercept for the linear regression equation of the rats: Weight = 100 + 40(Time)?
a)
The y-intercept is 100, which means the rat is predicted to weigh 100 grams at birth. 
b)
The y-intercept is 100, which is where the graph crosses the y-axis. 
c)
100 is where the data starts on the y-axis. 
d)
The y-intercept is 100, which means at a weight of 0, the rat will take 100 seconds.
54.
“Least-squares” in the term “least-squares regression line” refers to...
a)
Minimizing the sum of the squares of all values of the explanatory variable.
b)
Minimizing the sum of the squares of all values of the response variable.
c)
Minimizing the products of each value of the response variable and the predicted value based on the regression equation.
d)
Minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals.
55.
Suppose a straight line is fit to data having response variable y and explanatory variable x.  Predicting values of y for values of x outside the range of the observed data is called...
a)
extrapolation
b)
causation
c)
correlation
d)
interpolation
56.

A residual is ...

a)

the difference between x and y for any data point

b)

Predicted y - actual y

c)

Actual y - predicted y

d)

the difference between the actual value of x and the value of x predicted by the regression line

57.

What is the formula for the regression line?

a)

y=mx+b

b)


y∧=ax+by^{\wedge}=ax+b

c)

y=a+bx

d)

y∧=a+bxy^{\wedge}=a+bx

58.
What type of correlation describes the following sentence:
The temperature outside and the number of hot chocolate sold at a football game.
a)
postive
b)
negative 
c)
no
59.
Compute the probability of selecting either an Ace or a heart in a deck of 52 cards.
a)
30.77%
b)
32.69%
c)
7.69%
d)
25%
60.
Suppose we toss a penny and a nickel. Let A be the event that the penny is a head and B be the event that the nickel is a tail. 
The events A and B are
a)
Disjoint
b)
complements
c)
independent
d)
dependent
61.
Students at University X must be in one of the class ranks—freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior. At University X, 35% of the students are freshmen and 30% are sophomores. If a student is selected at random, the probability that her or she is either a junior or a senior is
a)
30%
b)
35%
c)
65%
d)
70%
62.
You play tennis regular with a friend, and from past experience, you believe that the outcome of each match is independent. For any given match you have a probability of 0.6 of winning. The probability that you win the next two matches is
a)
0.16
b)
0.36
c)
0.4
d)
0.6
63.
There are 10 red marbles and 8 green marbles in a jar. If you take three marbles from the jar (without replacement), the probability that they are all red is: 
a)
0.069
b)
0.088
c)
0.147
d)
0.171
64.
A recent study of 200 nurses found that of 125 female nurses, 56 had bachelor's degrees:  and of 75 male nurses, 34 had bachelor's degrees.  If a nurse is selected at random, find the probability that the nurse is a female or has a bachelor degree.
a)
159/200
b)
125/200
c)
215/200
d)
90/200
65.
A store sells shirts that are either small, medium, or large. The colors are either red, blue, green, or white. What is the probability someone will select a large green shirt?
a)
1/3
b)
1/7
c)
1/9
d)
1/12

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