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Chemistry Unit 1. Structure of Matter

Total questions: 171

Worksheet time: 2hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement describes an example of a chemical property of a metal statue?

a)

It is a solid.

b)

It is shiny.

c)

It is silver.

d)

It can tarnish.

2.

Which of these is an example of a physical property?

a)

the fact that iron rusts

b)

the texture of a piece of chocolate

c)

the effect of acid rain on automobiles

d)

the fact that gasoline in a car engine combusts

3.

Which of these is a chemical property of a sheet of paper?

a)

The paper can be burned.

b)

The paper can be crumpled.

c)

The paper does not attract a magnet.

d)

The paper does not conduct electricity.

4.

Hydrogen gas (H2) can be found in trace amounts in Earth’s atmosphere. Which of these statements describes a physical property of hydrogen?

a)

Hydrogen is found in acids.

b)

Hydrogen gas is highly flammable.

c)

Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water.

d)

Hydrogen gas is less dense than oxygen gas.

5.

Which properties describe all matter?

a)

being able to be seen in nature

b)

having energy and temperature

c)

being able to be easily measured

d)

having mass and taking up space

6.

The table lists the densities of some common materials at 20 degrees C. If a scientist has 10 grams of each material, which material has the greatest volume?

a)

milk

b)

water

c)

mercury

d)

gasoline

7.

Which statement best describes physical properties?

a)

Physical properties behave identically for all matter under the same conditions.

b)

Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

c)

Physical properties are observed by seeing how a substance reacts with other substances.

d)

Physical properties cause atoms and molecules to change structure when substances are mixed.

8.

What is the correct formula used to find the volume of a rectangular prism?

a)

V = l x w x h

b)

V = l x w / h

c)

V = l / w x h

d)

V = l / w / h

9.

What is the correct formula to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

a)

initial volume - volume of water with object

b)

volume of water with object - initial volume

10.

Which of the following are examples of matter?

a)

desk

b)

pebble on a beach

c)

rainbow

d)

milk in a carton

11.

Which of the following are things that are not examples of matter?

a)

light from the sun

b)

sound of thunder

c)

air

d)

fire

12.

Objects that have _____ matter have a greater mass.

a)

more

b)

less

13.

What are units of measure for mass?

a)

gram

b)

milligrams

c)

kilograms

d)

newtons

14.

What are units of measure for weight?

a)

newtons

b)

pounds

c)

kilograms

d)

g/mL

15.

What is anything that has mass and takes up space?

a)

matter

b)

volume

c)

density

d)

weight

16.

What is a measure of the gravitational force on an object?

a)

matter

b)

mass

c)

volume

d)

weight

17.

What is a measure of the amount of matter in an object?

a)

mass

b)

weight

c)

volume

d)

density

18.

What is a measure of the amount of space an object takes up?

a)

volume

b)

matter

c)

mass

d)

weight

19.

What are units of measure for volume of 3D objects?

a)

cubic centimeters

b)

cubic meters

c)

milliliters

d)

liters

20.

What are units of measure for volume of liquids?

a)

cubic centimeters

b)

cubic meters

c)

milliliters

d)

liters

21.

What tools can be used to measure liquid volume?

a)

graduated cylinders

b)

beakers

c)

meter sticks

d)

rulers

22.

What is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume?

a)

matter

b)

weight

c)

density

d)

mass

23.

The ____ mass in a given volume, the greater the density of the object.

a)

less

b)

more

24.

What is the unit of measurement for density of liquids?

a)

g/mL

b)

g/cm^3

c)

kg/m^3

25.

What is the unit of measurement for density of solids?

a)

g/mL

b)

g/cm^3

c)

kg/m^3

26.

What are properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance?

a)

physical properties

b)

chemical properties

27.

What is a substance's ability to change into a new substance with different properties?

a)

physical properties

b)

chemical properties

28.

Which of the following are physical properties?

a)

shape

b)

color

c)

size

d)

mass

29.

Which of the following are physical properties?

a)

volume

b)

density

c)

state

d)

texture

e)

reactivity

30.

Which of the following are physical properties?

a)

melting point

b)

thermal conductivity

c)

megnetic attraction

d)

reactivity

31.

Which of the following are chemical properties?

a)

flammability

b)

reactivity

c)

mass

d)

size

32.

Which of these is the smallest particle to retain the properties of an element?

a)

an atom

b)

a proton

c)

a molecule

d)

an electron

33.

What makes physical properties different from chemical properties?

a)

Physical properties relate to elements rather than compounds.

b)

Physical properties appear only after a chemical change occurs.

c)

Physical properties describe elements in the solid state rather than in the liquid or gas state.

d)

Physical properties can be observed without attempting to change the identity of the substance.

34.

A water molecule is made up of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. Why is water considered a pure substance?

a)

Each water molecule is identical.

b)

Water can be broken down by physical means.

c)

Water molecules are made up of different types of atoms.

d)

Water can be combined with other substances by physical means.

35.

Each element has a unique name. How else can an element be represented?

a)

by its mass

b)

by its state of matter

c)

by its chemical symbol

d)

by an identification number

36.

Which of these substances is likely to be formed of particles with a repeating crystalline structure?

a)

salt

b)

glass

c)

honey

d)

nitrogen

37.

Which statement describes a chemical property of an object?

a)

The object is white in color.

b)

The object has a powdery texture.

c)

The object’s density is 2.11 g/cm3.

d)

The object reacts with acid to form water.

38.

The table lists the masses and volumes of four mineral samples. Which mineral has the greatest density?

a)

feldspar

b)

galena

c)

garnet

d)

quartz

39.

Models of different combinations of elements are shown. Which image is a molecule?

a)

Only the second image, water, is a molecule.

b)

Only the first image, oxygen gas, is a molecule.

c)

Only the third image, amino acid glycine, is a molecule.

d)

All three images, oxygen, water, and amino acid glycine, are molecules.

40.

Which statement describes a chemical property?

a)

A particular substance evaporates at 30 °C.

b)

A 2 ft. long metal bar has a mass of only 176 g.

c)

A certain heavy metal turns to a liquid at room temperature.

d)

A metal is added to a beaker of water, and the beaker explodes.

41.

All of these statements about elements, atoms, and compounds are true except _____.

a)

compounds are smaller than atoms

b)

atoms cannot be broken down into smaller substances

c)

elements and compounds form the basis of all materials on Earth

d)

elements consist of one type of atom and can combine to form compounds

42.

Which of the following describes objects that are formed of molecules very close together with little room to move or are made up of molecules with repeating crystalline patterns?

a)

colloid

b)

gas

c)

liquid

d)

solid

43.

Which of these is a way in which elements and compounds are similar?

a)

Elements and compounds are both pure substances.

b)

Elements and compounds are both listed on the periodic table.

c)

Elements and compounds are both made up of different kinds of atoms.

d)

Elements and compounds can both be broken down by physical changes.

44.

Which type of substance is always made up of two or more different types of atoms joined by chemical bonds?

a)

mixture

b)

element

c)

compound

d)

pure substance

45.

The two beakers shown contain pure water. Which of these is a chemical property of the water in both beakers?

a)

The water is colorless.

b)

The water freezes at 0 °C.

c)

The water reacts with some metals.

d)

The water has a total volume of about 400 mL.

46.

Diamond is a covalently bonded network solid that is made up of carbon atoms arranged in a way that gives diamonds their hardness. Which of these characteristics do diamonds share with all network solids?

a)

low melting point

b)

rarity and high cost

c)

orderly crystal structure

d)

made up of carbon atoms

47.

How are elements organized in the periodic table?

a)

by density and date of discovery

b)

by atomic number and properties

c)

by atomic mass and melting point

d)

by abundance in nature and usefulness to humans

48.

Which of these is smallest?

a)

cells

b)

atoms

c)

matter

d)

elements

49.

How do atoms of copper differ from atoms of aluminum?

a)

They are not pure substances.

b)

They have different chemical properties.

c)

They can be formed by physical changes.

d)

They are made up of more than one type of particle.

50.

Which substance is one that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?

a)

table salt

b)

gold wire

c)

candle wax

d)

water vapor

51.

Think about a wooden chair and a balloon. What do these two objects always have in common?

a)

Both are made of atoms.

b)

Both have the same physical properties.

c)

Both are made of the same kind of atom.

d)

Both are made of the same number of atoms.

52.

Which statement correctly describes atoms?

a)

Atoms combine to make all the substances on Earth.

b)

Atoms of all substances have the same chemical properties.

c)

Atoms are easily destroyed when matter is cooled or heated.

d)

Atoms come in different sizes, but most are visible using a simple hand lens.

53.

Here is a portion of the periodic table. Which two elements are most likely to have similar physical properties?

a)

copper and zinc

b)

copper and silver

c)

cadmium and indium

d)

gallium and cadmium

54.

Which statement correctly describes atoms?

a)

Atoms combine to make all the substances on Earth.

b)

Atoms of all substances have the same chemical properties.

c)

Atoms are easily destroyed when matter is cooled or heated.

d)

Atoms come in different sizes, but most are visible using a simple hand lens.

55.

Which subatomic particle identifies an element?

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

d)

atoms

56.

Atoms consist of three subatomic particles. _______ are positively charged, _________ are negatively charged, and _________ are neutral.

a)

protons, electrons, and neutrons

b)

neutrons, protons, and electrons

c)

neutrons, electrons, and protons

d)

electrons, neutrons, and protons

57.

How is the periodic table arranged?

a)

increasing atomic number from left to right

b)

increasing atomic number from right to left.

c)

columns include elements with similar physical and chemical properties

d)

rows include elements with similar physical and chemical properties

58.

Columns of the periodic table are called ______.

a)

periods

b)

groups

59.

Rows of the periodic table are called ______.

a)

periods

b)

groups

60.

Reactivity in the periodic table _____ from left to right.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

61.

What information is included in each box of the periodic table?

a)

atomic number of the element

b)

atomic mass of the element

c)

the element's name

d)

the element's symbol

62.

Each element has a unique set of physical and chemical properties.

a)

true

b)

false

63.

What elements are in the first column on the periodic table?

a)

very reactive metal elements

b)

nonreactive elements that are all gases at room temperature

64.

What elements are in the last column on the periodic table?

a)

very reactive metal elements

b)

nonreactive elements that are all gases at room temperature

65.

What is the atomic number of an element based on?

a)

the elements color

b)

the name of the element

c)

the elements mass

d)

the structure of the atom

66.

Early periodic tables organized elements based on their atom masses and their properties. Why might this not be the best way to organize a periodic table? Select all that apply.

a)

Two elements might have similar atomic numbers.

b)

Some elements are not very reactive.

c)

Using different properties could lead to a different grouping.

d)

Some elements do not have any properties.

67.

Which pair of elements is most likely to have similar properties?

a)

tungsten and osmium

b)

osmium and hassium

c)

seaborgium and rhenium

d)

bohrium and tungsten

68.

Which properties do atoms of the same element share? Select all that apply.

a)

atomic number

b)

chemical reactivity

c)

melting point

69.

Chemists use the periodic table to organize the elements. What are some ways in which this organization is useful? Select all that apply.

a)

It groups elements that have similar properties.

b)

It identifies which elements are most common and which are rare.

c)

It allows scientists to predict how a particular element will interact with others.

d)

It arranges elements in order of usefulness for human activities.

70.

What is the second lightest element in group 2?

a)

beryllium

b)

magnesium

c)

calcium

d)

barium

71.

What is the symbol for the element with atomic number 92?

a)

U

b)

Ba

c)

uranium

d)

92

72.

Imagine that you have a sample of a substance. You cannot physically separate that substance into components. You also cannot separate that substance into components. Which of the following are true about your sample? Choose all that apply.

a)

The sample is made up of one type of atom.

b)

The sample is made up of multiple elements.

c)

The sample is made up of a single element.

d)

The sample is made up of several types of atoms.

73.

Where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table?

a)

top left corner

b)

bottom left corner

c)

top right corner

d)

bottom right corner

74.

How many electrons can "live" on the first electron shell?

a)

2

b)

8

c)

16

d)

infinite

75.

How many electrons can "live" on the 2nd electron shell?

a)

2

b)

8

c)

16

d)

infinite

76.

How many protons are in Beryllium?

a)

4

b)

9

c)

5

d)

2

77.

Which of the following best describes the three general groups of elements?

a)

solids, liquids, gas

b)

metals, nonmetals, gases

c)

metals, nonmetals, metalloids

d)

metals, metalloids, synthetics

78.

An atom of zinc has 33 protons and 33 electrons. What is its atomic charge?

a)

+33

b)

-33

c)

+66

d)

0-Neutral

79.

How many neutrons are present in Sodium?

a)

12

b)

34

c)

14

d)

10

80.

How many protons are present in Calcium?

a)

60

b)

20

c)

80

d)

17

81.

Which of the following would be considered matter? Choose all that apply.

a)

light from the sun

b)

milk in a carton

c)

heat from a candle

d)

sound of booming thunder

e)

pebble on a beach

82.

Two pieces of clay have been molded into two different shapes. The mass of clay can be measured using a scale, such as those shown here. What do the readings on the digital scales indicate about the two pieces of clay?

a)

The two pieces of clay have the same mass.

b)

The two pieces of clay do not have the same mass.

c)

The two pieces of clay have the same amount of matter.

d)

The two pieces of clay do not have the same amount of matter.

83.

Which of the following statements is correct? Choose all that apply.

a)

Acceleration due to gravity on the moon is greater than acceleration due to gravity on Earth.

b)

The mass of an object on the moon is the same as it is on Earth.

c)

The weight of an object on the moon is less than the weight of the same object on Earth.

84.

In the photo, the juice is shown in its solid state and in its liquid state. What appears to have changed about the juice when it changes state? Choose all that apply.

a)

The volume of liquid changed.

b)

The density of the volume changed.

c)

The mass of the liquid changed.

85.

Which of the following are requirements for something to be a physical property? Choose all that apply.

a)

The property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.

b)

The property depends on the amount of the substance present.

c)

The state of the substance changes when you measure the property.

d)

The property can be observed or measured.

86.

Which of the following properties are physical properties? Choose all that apply.

a)

density

b)

flammability

c)

state at room temperature

d)

melting point

e)

reactivity with oxygen

87.

Which of the following are chemical properties?

a)

density

b)

flammability

c)

melting point

d)

reactivity with oxygen

e)

state at room temperature

88.

Thermal conductivity is a property that describes how quickly a substance warms or cools. What type of property is thermal conductivity?

a)

physical property

b)

chemical property

89.

The walls of your refrigerator must keep as much heat as possible from getting inside the refrigerator. The refrigerator will use a lot of this material, so the cost must be low. Which material would you use to make the refrigerator's inner walls? Why?

a)

aluminum

b)

plastic

c)

aerogel

90.

The refrigerator needs a thermometer to respond quickly to temperature changes and keep the food inside cold. The thermometer is small, so it can be made out of pricier materials. Which material would you use to make the thermometer?

a)

aluminum

b)

plastic

c)

aerogel

91.

Even though an iceberg and the water that surrounds it are made up of the same substance, the iceberg is able to float. Why is this?

a)

The volume of the iceberg equals the volume of an equal mass of water.

b)

The mass of the iceberg is greater than the mass of an equal volume of water.

c)

The volume of the iceberg is greater than the volume of an equal mass of water.

92.

A submarine is able to raise and lower itself underwater. A rock sinks when it is dropped in a pool because it is denser than water. A piece of wood floats in the pool because it is less dense than water. What could the submarine change in order to sink or float? Choose all that apply.

a)

the submarine's volume

b)

the submarine's mass

c)

the state of the surrounding water

d)

the mass of the surrounding water

93.

A submarine fills a special storage area known as a ballast with water in order to increase its density. This allows it to dive deeper in the ocean. When a submarine needs to rise rapidly, compressed air is used to push the water out of the ballast. What effect does replacing the water in the ballast with air have on the submarine?

a)

The submarine's volume increases, lowering its density.

b)

The submarine's mass decreases, lowering its density.

c)

The submarine's mass increases, raising its density.

d)

The submarine's volume decreases, decreasing its density.

94.

Chemists use the periodic table to organize the elements. What are some ways in which this organization is useful? Select all that apply.

a)

It groups elements that have similar properties.

b)

It identifies which elements are most common and which are rare.

c)

It allows scientists to predict how a particular element will interact with others.

d)

It arranges elements in order of usefulness for human activities.

95.

A thermoacoustic generator transforms thermal energy into electrical energy. Thermal energy is transferred to a gas by a heat exchanger. The thermal energy causes the gas particles to vibrate rapidly and generate a sound wave. These vibrating gas particles are then used by an alternator to generate electrical energy. The gas used in this kind of generator must be nonreactive to avoid the danger of fire. Using heavier gases increases the amount of electrical energy generated. Which two elements on the table are most likely to be good choices for use as a gas in a thermoacoustic generator?

a)

bromine

b)

krypton

c)

iodine

d)

xenon

e)

astatine

96.

Early periodic tables organized elements based on their atom masses and their properties. Why might this not be the best way to organize a periodic table? Select all that apply.

a)

Two elements might have similar atomic numbers.

b)

Some elements are not very reactive.

c)

Using different properties could lead to a different grouping.

d)

Some elements do not have any properties.

97.

Which properties do atoms of the same element share? Select all that apply.

a)

atomic number

b)

chemical reactivity

c)

melting point

98.

The three elements in the photos all belong to the same group, or column, of the periodic table. These elements all produce salts when they react with metals. What are some differences between these elements?

a)

their colors

b)

their atomic mass

c)

the state of matter of each element

99.

Imagine that you have a sample of a substance. You cannot physically separate that substance into components. You also cannot chemically separate that substance into components. Which of the following are true about your sample? Choose all that apply.

a)

The sample is made up of one type of atom.

b)

The sample is made up of multiple elements.

c)

The sample is made up of a single element.

d)

The sample is made up of several types of atoms.

100.

What is the atomic number of Carbon?

a)

6

b)

12.01

101.

Chemists use the periodic table to organize the elements. What are some ways in which this organization is useful? Select all that apply.

a)

It groups elements that have similar properties.

b)

It identifies which elements are most common and which are rare.

c)

It allows scientists to predict how a particular element will interact with others.

d)

It arranges elements in order of usefulness for human activities.

102.

What is the lightest element in group 17?

a)

fluorine

b)

chlorine

c)

bromine

d)

iodine

103.

Which element has atomic number 6?

a)

lithium

b)

carbon

c)

neon

d)

nitrogen

104.

What is the second lightest element in group 2?

a)

beryllium

b)

magnesium

c)

calcium

d)

barium

105.

What property do all the elements in group 18 have in common?

a)

They are all metalloids.

b)

They are all metals.

c)

They are all gases at stp.

d)

They are all solids at stp.

106.

Which of these molecules show atoms that have joined together?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

107.

Which molecules are also compounds?

a)

F

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

108.

Which statements are true about molecules and compounds? Circle all that apply.

a)

Molecules are made of one atom and compounds are made of two or more atoms.

b)

Both molecules and compounds are pure substances.

c)

The particles that make up compounds are molecules.

d)

Hydrogen chloride is both a molecule and a compound

109.

For every molecule of sulfur dioxide, the ratio of sulfur atoms to oxygen atoms is ____. (sulfur=yellow, oxygen=red, nitrogen=orange)

a)

1:2

b)

2:1

c)

3:0

d)

0:3

110.

In a molecule of nitrogen dioxide, the ratio of nitrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is ____. (sulfur=yellow, oxygen=red, nitrogen=orange)

a)

1:2

b)

2:1

c)

3:1

d)

1:3

111.

For every molecule of nitrous oxide, the ratio of nitrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is ____. (sulfur=yellow, oxygen=red, nitrogen=orange)

a)

1:3

b)

3:1

c)

1:2

d)

2:1

112.

In a molecule of sulfur trioxide, the ratio of sulfur atoms to oxygen atoms is _____. (sulfur=yellow, oxygen=red, nitrogen=orange)

a)

1:3

b)

3:1

c)

1:2

d)

2:1

113.

Water, table salt, and tin metal are all pure substances. Which of these pure substances are compounds?

a)

water

b)

table salt

c)

tin metal

114.

Molecules are atoms held together by attractive forces. Which could be a way to model a simple molecule of three hydrogen atoms joined to a nitrogen atom?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

115.

What might explain the differences in properties of the two pure substances: ice and copper metal? Choose all that apply.

a)

The substances differ in the types of atoms they contain and how they are connected.

b)

The chemical bonds that hold the atoms together may be stronger in one substance that the other.

c)

There's a difference in the structure of the two substances.

d)

Copper metal is stronger than all other substance, including ice.

116.

Which statement matches the model below?

a)

Table sugar is a molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms arranged as two rings joined together.

b)

Silver metal is an extended structure made up of atoms of silver arranged in a regular pattern.

c)

Table salt is an extended structure made up of sodium and chlorine atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.salt

117.

Which statement matches the model below?

a)

Table sugar is a molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms arranged as two rings joined together.

b)

Silver metal is an extended structure made up of atoms of silver arranged in a regular pattern.

c)

Table salt is an extended structure made up of sodium and chlorine atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.

118.

Which statement matches the model below?

a)

Table sugar is a molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms arranged as two rings joined together.

b)

Silver metal is an extended structure made up of atoms of silver arranged in a regular pattern.

c)

Table salt is an extended structure made up of sodium and chlorine atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.

119.

Which of the following might explain differences in properties between oxygen and ozone when both substances are made of the same type of atoms?

a)

Oxygen and ozone are both made up of only oxygen atoms, but they are two different substances and have different properties.

b)

A molecule of oxygen gas contains two oxygen atoms, while a molecule of ozone gas contains three oxygen atoms.

c)

The atoms are connected and arranged in different ways in each substance.

120.

Diamond and graphite are both made of carbon atoms. However, they have different properties because their atoms are arranged in different ways. Diamonds are very hard. Cut and polished diamonds bounce light in different directions. Graphite is a dark, dull gray and easily rubs off onto paper. What could explain the differences in diamond and graphite?

a)

Both substances are made of the same atoms, but the atoms form different structures.

b)

The substances are made of different atoms and the atoms are arranged differently in each substance.

c)

The atoms have different types of bonds holding them together.

121.

What does each green sphere represent?

a)

a carbon atom

b)

a bond between carbon atoms

c)

an element

122.

What does each gray line represent?

a)

a carbon atom

b)

a bond between carbon atoms

c)

an element

123.

Which of the following can be observed from the model of water?

a)

Water is a molecule.

b)

Water is a compound.

c)

Water is made up of three types of atoms.

124.

Another way to model water is with letters and lines like this H-O-H. What is one way that these models are different?

a)

They show different types and numbers of atoms.

b)

The atoms are connected in a different color.

c)

The forces holding the atoms together are represented differently.

d)

One model clearly shows a repeating pattern.

125.

Based on the models of these structures, white phosphorous is a ________, red phosphorous is a ________, and both are examples of a(n) _______.

a)

extended structure, simple molecule, compound

b)

simple molecule, extended structure, compound

c)

extended structure, simple molecule, element

d)

simple molecule, extended structure, element

126.

What subatomic particle is specifically responsible for combining the atoms together to form a new substance?

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

127.

Which are ways to identify if a chemical reactions happened?

a)

change in temperature

b)

release of a gas

c)

change in color

d)

formation of a precipitate

e)

energy released in the form of light or sound

128.

Which of the following is NOT true of a chemical change?

a)

Chemical bonds are broken.

b)

The identity of a substance has changed.

c)

The substance has only changed form or appearance.

d)

It can be indicated by the presence of bubbles or rust.

129.

Which of the following would not be evidence of a chemical change?

a)

unexpected color change

b)

unexpected temperature change

c)

precipitate was formed

d)

the size of the substance was changed

130.

Atomic number is the number of _____ in an atom.

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

131.

What are the two subatomic particles found inside the nucleus?

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

132.

Which two subatomic particles have approximately the same mass?

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

133.

What two subatomic particles are added up to make the atomic mass of an atom?

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

elctrons

134.

Which subatomic particle changes the element's identity?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

135.

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

136.

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

137.

Which subatomic particle is neutral, or has no charge?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

138.

What does the atomic number represent on the periodic table?

a)

number of protons

b)

number of electrons

c)

number of neutrons

d)

number of atoms

139.

Which number determines how the periodic table is arranged?

a)

atomic number

b)

atomic mass

c)

number of neutrons

d)

number of ions

140.

All the elements in the same period have the same ____.

a)

valence electrons

b)

energy shells or orbitals

c)

atomic mass

d)

atomic number

141.

All the elements in the same group have the same ______.

a)

valence electrons

b)

energy shells or orbitals

c)

atomic mass

d)

atomic number

142.

Reactivity increases when moving from ________ and _______ on the periodic table.

a)

right to left

b)

left to right

c)

top to bottom

d)

bottom to top

143.

What are the rows of the periodic table called?

a)

groups

b)

periods

144.

What are the columns of the periodic table called?

a)

periods

b)

groups

145.

_____ is a mixture, _____ is an element, and ______ is a compound.

a)

H2O, Fe + S, H4

b)

H2O, H4, Fe + S

c)

Fe + S, H2O, H4

d)

Fe + S, H4, H2O

146.

______ are not chemically combined, whereas ______ are chemically combined.

a)

mixtures, compounds

b)

compounds, mixtures

147.

How many elements have to be present for a compound to form?

a)

only one

b)

two or more

148.

How many different elements are in C6H12O6?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

12

d)

24

149.

Which of the following would not be a compound?

a)

C6H12O16

b)

(SO)4

c)

H2O

d)

Cl3

150.

Which is true of pure substances?

a)

They are not mixtures.

b)

They are made up of one type of matter.

c)

They can be atoms that are not joined together.

d)

They can be atoms that are joined together in different ways.

151.

In an element, all atoms are made of the same type.

a)

false

b)

true

152.

______ can be broken down into simpler substance.

a)

elements

b)

atoms

153.

_______ always form in a fixed ratio. An example is water. Another example is salt.

a)

Mixtures

b)

Compounds

154.

Which of these substances is a compound?

a)

carbon (C)

b)

Chlorine (Cl)

c)

uranium (U)

d)

ammonia (NH3)

155.

If you were to look at grains of table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) with a magnifying glass, you would see that each grain is a little cube. Why are salt grains cubical?

a)

All extended structure compounds form cubes.

b)

Sodium and chlorine atoms both have cubical shapes.

c)

In the extended structure of NaCl, atoms are arranged in a cubical pattern.

d)

A molecule of NaCl contains eight atoms, each at one of the corners of a cube.

156.

Sucrose is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Which statement best describes the properties of sucrose?

a)

They are exactly like the properties of carbon (C).

b)

They are exactly like the properties of oxygen (O).

c)

They are exactly like the properties of hydrogen (H).

d)

They are different from the properties of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

157.

A molecule of methanol is composed of carbon atoms connected to 3 hydrogen atoms and a hydroxide group. A hydroxide group is made up of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom. How many different types of atoms make up one molecule of methanol?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

158.

These models show the arrangement of particles in two solid materials. Which statement describes a basic difference between these materials?

a)

X is a metal, and Y is a salt.

b)

X is an element, and Y is a compound.

c)

X is a crystal, and Y is made of separate molecules.

d)

X is made of single atoms, and Y is made of molecules.

159.

The diagram represents a chemical reaction. Reactant A and reactant B react to form product C. What type of substance is product C?

a)

an atom

b)

a mixture

c)

an element

d)

a compound

160.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer used to make water pipes and other products. Polymer molecules are made of groups of atoms that repeat many times in long chains as shown in the formula. Which circle, left to right, shows the repeating group of atoms that forms PVC?

a)

first circle

b)

second circle

c)

third circle

d)

fourth circle

161.

A martian that has spent all of its life on Mars finally makes a trip to Earth. It finds it has a hard time getting around and that objects seem much heavier than on Mars. Why is this?

a)

Mars has less mass than Earth, which gives it less gravity, so objects weigh less on Mars.

b)

Mars has less mass than Earth, which gives it less gravity, so objects have less mas on Mars.

c)

In space, objects have no weight, so the martian lost strength while traveling, and objects seem heavier.

d)

The atmosphere is thicker on Earth than on Mars, which weighs down objects more and makes it harder to move them around.

162.

Manganese (Mn) is a silver-colored metal. It reacts with oxygen to form manganese oxide (MnO2), which has two oxygen atoms for every manganese atom. Which statement describes the properties of manganese oxide?

a)

It will be a gas because there are more oxygen atoms.

b)

It will be a silver-colored metal because manganese is heavier than oxygen.

c)

Its properties will be different from manganese and oxygen because it will have some properties of each of the atoms that make it up.

d)

Its properties will be different from manganese and oxygen because the properties depend on the type of atoms and how they are arranged.

163.

The volume of each cube in the diagram is 125 cm3. The mass of each cube is also shown. What can be concluded about the densities of the cubes?

a)

Cube A is twice as dense as Cube B.

b)

Cube B is twice as dense as Cube A.

c)

The density of Cube A is equal to the density of Cube B.

d)

The density of the cubes cannot be compared because their weights are not given.

164.

A molecule of ethane is made of two carbon (C) atoms and six hydrogen (H) atoms. The carbon atoms are joined by a chemical bond. Each of the hydrogen atoms is joined to one of the carbon atoms by a chemical bond. Which is an accurate model of ethane?

a)

b)

c)

d)

165.

A chemist wants to build a model of an element using a box. What should the box be filled with to illustrate the relationship between atoms and elements?

a)

red marbles because bonds form between atoms that are the same

b)

red marbles because an element is made up of atoms that all have the same properties

c)

an equal number of red and blue marbles because an element is made up of an equal ratio of atoms

d)

an equal number of red and blue marbles because bonds form between atoms that have different properties

166.

Plants use a process called photosynthesis to survive. What evidence proves this process is a chemical change?

a)

Chloroplasts are green.

b)

Chloroplasts change shape.

c)

Sunlight is needed.

d)

Chloroplasts produce a new substance.

167.

Which element is strong and relatively nonreactive?

a)

argon

b)

copper

c)

magnesium

168.

Which element is a nonreactive gas?

a)

argon

b)

copper

c)

magnesium

169.

Which model above shows a flammable liquid with many branches of carbon and hydrogen atoms forming a complex molecule?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

170.

Which model above shows a simple molecule made of carbon and hydrogen that leads to a flammable gas?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

171.

Which model above shows a stable gas made of simple molecules containing only nitrogen atoms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D