Horses evolved from a tiny four-toed ancestored called

The United States first passed law dealing with the humane treatment of animals was passed in

Animal by-products produce human medicines such as

The key to absorption is the small fingerlike projections on the walls of the intestine called

Nonruminant animals ned

The omasum makes up about ___ part of the stomach.

______ works on fats in the feed, changing them to fatty acids and glycerol.

The cecum is also called the _______.

Which of the following is not a main function of the skeletal system?

Which of these is not a type of skeletal system?

Joints that allow free movement and have a fluid-filled cavity are called _____ joints.

Much of the flesh referred to as meat in farm animals is composed of ______ muscle.

The cardiac muscle system _______.

Muscle tone describes the tension that is maintained by paired muscles and ______________.

The air and food passages of an animal cross in the ____________.

The _____ contains vocal cords that vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound.

The _____ is a part of the avain (bird) respiratory system.

The respiratory system does all of the following accept ________.

Which of the following is not a major part of the circulatory system?

In mammals,the heart has _____ chambers.

Blood pressure is at its lowest in the _____.

Lymph moves throughout the body through a system of _______.

164. In poultry, the sex of the offspring is determined by

165. A punnet square is used to

166. Genes are located on the ______ and are composed of DNA.

167. _______ regulates protein synthesis in animals

168. _______ regulates protein synthesis in animals

169. Male sperm cells are placed in the female reproductive track by the act of _______

170. Which reproductive organ eggs or ova

171. The new animal that results from fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called the

172. The gland near the urethra and bladder that produces a fluid that mixes with the seminal fluid is called the

173. The tubes that carry the ova from the ovary to the uterus are called the

174. The ______ is a passage between the cervix and vulva

175. The egg cell in cattle lives for ________ hours after it is released if it is not fertilized

176. About ______ percent of the total income from all livestock and poultry marketing in the US comes from the beef industry

177. Which breed of cattle is most popular in europe

178. Name the breed of cattle for which the US congress appropriated money in 1927 because they were almost extinct

179. Purebred breeders provide stock for

180. When given oral reasons on paper, the first column is

181. Beef animals are judged on the basis of their

182. Breed character is shown in the

183. Bangs disease is another name for

184. Size in relation to ______ is important when judging an animal

185. Calving should occur during a ________Cperiod

the most common roughage in the west and midwest

during cold weather,feed should be increased by ______

percent for each degree of cold stress

the following is not a method of branding and marketing

hot irons may be used to dehorn calves up to _________ months of age

bulls are feed corn silage and grain at the rate of ___ percent of body weight

in the deferred finishing system, daily gain in calves is about_____to_____ pounds per day

yearlings are feeders between one and two years old weighting about_____pounds

when self feeding cattle on pasture, grain intake may be limited by adding _____to the concentrate mix

feed effectivity can be increased by _________ grain because less is wasted

a starting mixture of _______ percent concentrates and_______percent roughage may be used for cattle that have creep-fed grain on grass pastures

fattening cattle will eat at about_____ percent to ______ percent of their body weight in feed each day

what lowers the cost of grain for finishing cattle

feeders are divided into these groups

anthrax is a disease caused by bacteria that may remain in the soil for_____ to ______ years or longer

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has an incubation

that ranges from____ to____ years

_____ eggs laid in manure or organic matter hatch in 8 to 20 hours

the reproductive disease, campylobacteriosis, may cause the conception rate to drop below____ percent

death rates of animals infected with leptospirosis range from_____ percent to _______ percent of infected animals

body temperature in cattle is taken in the _____ using a mercury or digital thermometer

the louse population is low during the ______

Goats were only tamed in the last 300 years

Poultry were domesticated as early as 1000 B.C. in India.

Modern cattle are descendants of animals from Europe.

The wild mallard duck has no relationship to the modern breeds of domesticated ducks.

The consumption of chicken and turkey has been decreasing for years.

Food irradiation is the use of radiation to improve the taste of food.

Microchips embedded into animals can include a computer database for identification purposes

Livestock producers generally support proper feeding, housing, and other good management practices because these activities lead to more efficient production

The kind of ration that is fed affects the growth of microorganisms in the rumen.

Nonruminants do not require high levels of grain but can also survive on roughage.

Some sources of vitamin C are green pastures and hay.

Salt is usually guaranteed as the compound calcium nitrate.

Probiotics are sometimes added to cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry rations to prevent the disease coccidiosis.

The rate of metabolism changes in young animals when they are fed antobiotics.

Legumes, plants that can produce nitrogen for the air, including bluegrass, timothy, redtop, and fescues.

Net energy is the metabolizable energy plus the heat increment

A ration is the amount of feed given to an animal during a forty-eight-hour period

The national Research council published a revised nutrient requirement of beef cattle and a revised nutrient requirement of the swine that include computer programs to evaluate the diets

A maintenance ration for beef cattle is primarily roughage.

Of the cost of raising livestock, feeding accounts for approximately 75 percent of the total.

When mixing feed additives in small quantities, it is not necessary to exercise caution to mix thoroughly because of the quantity being used.

When animals are working, they sweat more and require extra salt to makeup for the salt being lost.

Genetics account for all differences in animals.

The female determines the sex of mammals.

Asexual reproduction involves the union of a male and female gamete.

The sheat, a tubular fold of skin, deposities the semen into the female reproductive system.

The female produces sex cells in form of eggs or ova.

Liquid waste collected in the bladder is called urine

In poultry, the magnum secretes the thick white of the egg

When an animal releases more then one egg at ovulation and both are fertilized, the offspring are said to be identical

The first milk produced by the mother containing antibodies, vitamins, and minerals is called colostrum.

Always allow the animal to eat the afterbirth because it contains minerals.

The main difference between reproduction in poultry and mammals is that the embryo develops outside the mothers body in poultry

When incomes are high the demand for beef increases while the demand for poultry decreases

Most beef cattle breeds originated in Asia

The cow calf system of beef production involves keeping a herd of beef cattle

Beef animals are judged based on their conformation.

The standard performance analysis software has two components : one for financial information and one for production information

Young cows and heifers require less feed then mature animals

At least 15 percent of the feed that is fed is wasted and must be calculated when supplying feed

Mature bulls in good condition are fed the same as a bred cow.

Puberty is the age at which heifers come into heat

The ration needed for a cow nursing a cow depends on the age of the cow

Pastured of high quality can usually meet the needs of a lactating cow

Heifers on good pasture will gain about 0.75 to 1.45 or 0.34 to 0.65 kilograms per day

Salt and minerals should be provided on a free choice bases

Sex-selected semen is expensive, but may be feasible depending on the goals of the producer

Research has determined that the distillers grain as a replacement for other protein sources in beef cattle rations is a poor choice

Two general ways to feed cattle for slaughter are finishing immediate or deferred finishing.

Yearling feeders should never be used to clean up crop residues such as cornfields

Corn silage is one of the poorest corn roughages for finishing beef cattle

Urea should be used to supply no more then one-third of the crude protein needed if a limited grain ration is being fed.

The vitamins most commonly added to beef rations are A,D, and E

Rain can cause a temporary decrease in feed intake of 10 to 30 percent

Beef cattle generally do not decrease their feed intake during hot weather

ultrasonics can be used to determine the length of time necessary to feed the animal to a desired quality and yield grade.

It is better to prevent health problems then to try to cure them once they occur

The carcass if an animal that has died from anthrax should be sold for tankage

Some breed associations use ear notches for identification

Improved technology has led to more pigs weaned per litter, better feed efficiency, and more liters per sow per year

The size of swine operations in the US is getting smaller due to vertical integration

The price cycle of hogs is relatively long because the weight ranges for op butcher prices vary from year to year.

Information on each breed is available from the individual breed association.

The chester white was one of the early bacon-type breed hogs

The main reason for interest in chinese breeds of hogs is the large litter sizes for the breeds

The hampshire breed originated in England and was once known as the thin rind

Most breeds of hogs raised in the US were developed in the US

Crossbred herds are used to provide breeding stock that can be used in purebred programs to produce market hogs

Underline or mammary development is not important in judging a boar

The kind of environment and health management techniques also influence efficiency and growth in market hogs

Uniformity refers to size, age, and condition as well as to type is desirable in a group of pigs

Finish refers to the amount and condition of the hair on a hog

When judging hogs, it is now common practice to include information from performance records as well as visual appraisals to place the class

The number of traits that may be visually evaluated when judging hogs includes conformation, size, muscling, finish, and reproductive soundness

Type refers to the sound and genetic makeup of the hogs

Rye is a very good feed for hogs

Potatoes can be fed to hogs; they contain many carbohydrates and therefor they must be fed with a protein supplement

Pasture is most valuable for feeding the breeding herd

Salt adds sodium and chlorine to the ration. About 0.5 percent of the ration should consist of salt

The herd boar should be fed as much as he will take during the breeding season to provide energy

The nutrition requirements of younger pigs are greater then that of older pigs

Gilts need a lower concentration of dietary amino acids then do barrows to maximize lean growth rates

A producer can save more pigs by being present when sows are farrowing

Baby pigs should be started on feed as soon as they will eat

The USDA estimated that losses due to diseases and parasites average about $8.00 per hog marketed

diseases cannot pass from Sow to litter

Many producers in the western states are now using mixed grazing, that is grazing sheep and cattle on the same land

A common way to classify sheep is by the type of wool

Breed selection is not a matter of personal preference

It may be more difficult to get ewes to breed in August

For about 2 months after lambing, the ewe requires additional nutrients to produce milk for the lamb

Gestating ewes should never be self-fed

Rotating pastures will help break the internal parasite cycle

Ewes are usually bred to lamb at about 3 years of age

Milk dispensers can be used, but they increase the labor required

Predators are no longer a problem to sheep producers

Never shear ewes prior to lambing

The number of ewes a ram can breed depends on the size of the ram

Docking, or cutting off part of the tail is one of the first management practices preformed after lambing

Spraying and drenching control external and internal parasites

Cashmere refers to the soft down or winter undercoat of fibers produced by most breeds of goats accept Angora

A buck is a female goat of Any age

Breeding animals more then 8 years of age is not as productive as breeding younger goats

Current breed standards of the Boer goat are black in color with a white head

The growth of cashmere down begins in April and stops in November

The Angora goat is a relatively new breed

Goat rations can be made up of grains, pasture, hay, silage,browse, roots, and refuse

If oil is applied within 30 days after shearing to control external parasites, it will work out pf the fleece before the next shearing.

The oberhasli breed of dairy goats originated in Africa

In sheep rearing, the value of the individual animal may not justify the expense of treatment by a veterinarian

A number of diseases are common to sheep, goats, and cattle.

The animals head must be inclined while drenching

Enterotoxemia does not affect sheep and goats

Foot rot is a disease that is not easily communicated to others; therefor it if not necessary to separate infected animals

Confirmation of the presence of scrapie is made after death by the examining of the animal's brain tissue.

Mastitis is only caused by bacteria, not by injury to the udder.

Sheep that ingest copper sulfate my develop copper poisoning.

The sheep ked is sometimes called a sheep tick, but it is not a true tick.