Gertrude B. Elion opted not to complete her doctorate in the 1940s because it would have interfered with her research alongside colleague George Hitchings. She went on to publish 225 papers, and her work led to treatments for leukemia, as well as the important AIDS medication, azisothymidine (AZT). What is the other name of AZT?

Vitalism held the belief that organic molecules can be made only by living organisms. However, this belief was challenged by Friedrich Wohler when he was able to synthesize an organic molecule from the inorganic compound ammonium cyanate in the laboratory. This organic compound is known to have a major application in agriculture as it is used primarily as fertilizer. What is this organic compound?

This pigment was accidentally discovered by a colormaker Diesbach in Berlin in an attempt to create a cochineal red color in his laboratory. When Diesbach mixed the contaminated potash with the iron sulfate, instead of the strong red he was expecting, he got a deep blue. This leads to the creation of the first synthetic blue pigment named ___________.

C₆₀ also known as buckyball is an allotrope of carbon. It is also named as buckminsterfullerene after Buckminster Fuller who works in architecture, design, and engineering. What is this Fuller’s architectural dome that resembles the structure of a buckyball?

Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen; later, Antoine Lavoisier clarifies the nature of elements. Priestley produces oxygen in experiments and describes its role in combustion and respiration. Then, by dissolving fixed air in water, he invents carbonated water. What was the original name of oxygen gas according to Priestly?

Ruth Benerito was working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture when she discovered that cross-linking the bonds between the chainlike cellulose molecules has strengthened and lead to a reduction of fiber wrinkles when crumpled. What is the application of her invention?

Helen and Alfred Free developed an inexpensive, easy to administer at-home tests for testing sugar and other illnesses using a strip of paper that changed color when dipped in urine. This could be administered without the need for expensive lab equipment. What is the application of her invention?