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An influence that can change the motion of an object. A push or pull that acts upon an object as a result of that objects interactions with its surroundings.

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A graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a body in a given condition.

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Force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another. Traction.

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A quantitative measurement of inertia, a fundamental property of all matter. It is, in effect, the resistance that a body of matter offers to a change in its speed or position upon the application of a force.

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Defined as the force of gravity on the object and may be calculated as the mass times the acceleration of gravity, w = mg.

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The vector sum of all the forces that act upon an object. It is the sum of all the forces.

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An everyday force that is felt when a surface pushes against an object that is placed on that surface. A contact force that is perpendicular to the surface that an object contacts.

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The force that is transmitted through a rope, string or wire when pulled by forces acting from opposite sides.

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Ratio of the frictional force resisting the motion of two surfaces in contact to the normal force pressing the two surfaces.

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The universal force of attraction acting between all matter. It is by far the weakest known force in nature.

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The numerical quantity or distance of an object. A factor for both vectors and scalars.

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The Law of Inertia. If a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.

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F = ma

A quantitative description of the changes that a force can produce on the motion of a body. It states that the time rate of change of the momentum of a body is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it.

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Law of Action and Reaction. When two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

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An English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher") widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians, physicists, and most influential scientists of all time. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Enlightenment. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, established classical mechanics.

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The frictional force between the surfaces of two substances when they are not in motion with respect to each other. Therefore, in this case, instead of the bodies being in relative motion, the bodies are stationary with respect to each other.

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The resistance to motion caused by the contact between a surface and the object moving against it. The force of kinetic friction acts to oppose the motion of the object, so if you push something forward, friction pushes it backwards.