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Critical Thinking Exercise 2

Total questions: 14

Worksheet time: 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

「這世界並無絕對的真理!」

“There is no absolute truth in this world!”

a)

Red Herring (轉移焦點)

b)

不充分, 以偏概全 ( Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization)

c)

自我推翻(self-refuting)

d)

循環論證(circular reasoning)

2.

「是充滿反對聲音的民主制度,還是穩定的經濟發展對香港更加重要?」

“Which is more important for Hong Kong: a democratic system full of opposing voices, or stable economic development?”

a)

The False Dilemma, 假兩難

b)

循環論證(circular argument)

c)

Red Herring (轉移焦點)

d)

人身攻擊(ad hominem, abusive)

3.

「張大千的人格不怎麼樣,因此他的畫也不怎麼樣。」

“Zhang Daqian’s character is not very good; therefore, his paintings are not very good either.”

a)

不充分, 以偏概全 Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization

b)

訴諸人身攻擊謬誤 • • Ad hominem fallacy

c)

滑波謬誤 • • Slippery slope fallacy

d)

循環論證 • • Circular reasoning

4.

甲:大雄是賣國賊,因為他替胖虎這個間諜辯護!

乙:怎麼知道胖虎是間諜?

甲:因為大雄這個賣國賊替他辯護

A: “Nobita is a traitor because he defended Gian, who is a spy!”
B: “How do you know Gian is a spy?”
A: “Because Nobita, the traitor, defended him.”

a)

循環論證(circular argument)

b)

The False Dilemma, 假兩難

c)

Red Herring (轉移焦點)

d)

稻草人謬誤(straw man fallacy)

5.

甲:「政府應該為最低工資進行立法以保障工人免被剝削。」

乙:「真是荒謬,你因為找不到一份好的工作才這樣說吧。」

A: “The government should legislate a minimum wage to protect workers from exploitation.”
B: “That’s ridiculous—you’re only saying that because you can’t find a good job.”

a)

訴諸無知 Appeal to Ignorance

b)

不充分, 以偏概全 Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization

c)

人身攻擊的謬誤 Ad hominem fallacy

d)

循環論證 • • Circular reasoning

6.

有人因吃了「保寧丹」而中鉛毒,於是有人質疑該丹藥的安全性。

製造商說:「我的太太和子女服食過該藥並沒有出過什麼問題。」

Someone suffered lead poisoning after taking “Bo Ning Dan,” so others questioned the safety of the medicine.

The manufacturer said: “My wife and children have taken it and nothing bad happened.”

a)

不充分, 以偏概全 Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization

b)

循環論證(circular argument)

c)

Red Herring (轉移焦點)

d)

稻草人謬誤(straw man fallacy)

7.

桌上有一塊蛋糕,大寶切了二分之一留給自己,然後給二寶和三寶各四分之一。

二寶和三寶:不公平!你憑什麼拿比較多?

大寶:因為我比較聰明。

二寶和三寶:憑什麼說你比較聰明?

大寶:因為我拿到比較多的蛋糕。

There is a cake on the table. Dabao takes one-half for himself, and gives one-quarter each to Erbao and Sanbao.

Erbao & Sanbao: “That’s unfair! Why do you get more?”
Dabao: “Because I’m smarter.”
Erbao & Sanbao: “Why are you smarter?”
Dabao: “Because I got more cake.”

a)

The False Dilemma, 假兩難

b)

訴諸多數的謬誤 Appeal to popularity

c)

循環論證(circular argument)

d)

人身攻擊(ad hominem, circumstantial)

8.

Bill: "God must exist."

Jill: "How do you know."

Bill: "Because the Bible says so."

Jill: "Why should I believe the Bible?"

Bill: "Because the Bible was written by God."

Bill:「上帝一定存在,因為《聖經》這樣說。」
Jill:「為何相信《聖經》?」
Bill:「因為《聖經》是上帝寫的。」

a)

訴諸人身攻擊的謬誤 Ad hominem fallacy

b)

Red Herring (轉移焦點)

c)

循環論證(circular argument)

d)

訴諸無知(appeal to ignorance)

9.

A:政府決策應該更加民主  

B:你常說爭取民主,但民主能馬上解決所有問題嗎?現實裏是沒有靈丹妙藥的!

A: “Government decision-making should be more democratic.”
B: “You always talk about democracy, but can democracy solve all problems immediately? In reality, there is no miracle cure!”

a)

Post Hoc (後此謬論)

b)

Straw Man Fallacy (稻草人)

c)

人身攻擊的謬誤 Ad hominem fallacy

d)

 訴諸無知(appeal to ignorance)

10.

目前為止我們未能證明新沙士已傳入香港,市民毋須擔心病毒的風險。

“So far, we have not been able to prove that the new SARS has entered Hong Kong; therefore, citizens need not worry about the risk.”

a)

不充分, 以偏概全 Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization

b)

滑坡謬誤 Slippery slope fallacy

c)

訴諸無知 Appeal to Ignorance

d)

稻草人謬誤(straw man fallacy)

11.

必須幫小B報到名牌幼稚園,就可以讀到名牌小學;讀到名牌小學,就可以讀到名牌中學;讀到名牌中學,就可以讀到名牌大學;讀到名牌大學,就可以找到高薪厚職;找到高薪厚職,就可以一世無憂。

人,最緊要贏在起跑線!

“We must enroll Little B in a prestigious kindergarten, then he can get into a prestigious primary school; then a prestigious secondary school; then a prestigious university; then a high-paying job; and then a worry-free life.

In life, the most important thing is to win at the starting line!”

a)

滑坡謬誤 Slippery slope fallacy

b)

循環論證(circular argument)

c)

概念扭曲 Conceptual distortion

d)

人身攻擊(ad hominem, circumstantial)

12.

有潔癖的丈夫:你可不可以不要在床上吃零食?!我每天又要工作,回來又要打掃衛生,真的很累!

妻子:你是不是不愛我了?說!你是不是不愛我了?

Husband (a cleanliness freak): “Can you stop eating snacks on the bed?! I work every day and still have to clean when I get home—it’s exhausting!”

Wife: “Do you not love me anymore? Tell me—do you not love me anymore?”

a)

Straw Man Fallacy (稻草人)

b)

人身攻擊的謬誤 (Ad hominem fallacy)

c)

紅鯡魚 Red Herring (轉移焦點)

d)

居後為果

Post hoc Fallacy

13.

「我們對於外星人一無所知,這正好證明他們並不存在。」

“We know nothing about aliens, and that proves they do not exist.”

a)

The False Dilemma, 假兩難

b)

人身攻擊 Ad hominem

c)

循環論證(circular argument)

d)

訴諸無知 Appeal to ignorance

14.

買了幸運手繩之後,我的考試成績終於合格,可見這手繩為我帶來幸運-全靠它我才可以合格。

“After I bought this lucky bracelet, I finally passed my exam. Clearly, it brought me luck—it’s all thanks to it that I passed.”

a)

滑坡謬誤 Slippery slope fallacy

b)

不充分, 以偏概全 Insufficient evidence / Hasty generalization

c)

居後為果

Post hoc Fallacy

d)

訴諸無知 Appeal to Ignorance