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Path - Endocrine - Lecture 2 & 3

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How do hormones travel from site of release to target tissue? [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Lymphatic system

b)

Musculoskeletal system

c)

Circulatory system

d)

Renal system

2.

Steroid hormones bind to receptors located [Riggs kahoot]

a)

On the surface of cell membranes

b)

Inside the cell membrane

3.

Steroid receptors are synthesized from [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Arachidonic acid

b)

Cholesterol

c)

Amino acids

d)

Love

4.

Which of the following is NOT a mjor gland of the endocrine system? [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Thyroid

c)

Pituitary

d)

Muscle

5.

The pituitary is mainly controlled by the [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Thyroid

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Adrenal Gland

d)

Pancreas

6.

Which of the following hormones are released by the POSTERIOR pituitary? [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Prolactin

b)

Growth Hormone

c)

Thyroid Stimulating hormone

d)

Antidiuretic hormone

7.

"Releasing" and "Inhibiting" hormones are released by [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Anterior pituitary

b)

Posterior pituitary

c)

Thyroid

d)

Hypothalamus

8.

Inhibitory hormones suppress pituitary secretion by acting on which of the following? [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Pituitary gland

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Both

d)

Neither

9.

The posterior pituitary secretes ADH to control plasma osmolality. Where is it synthesized? [Riggs kahoot]

a)

Anterior pituitary

b)

Posterior pituitary

c)

Adrenal gland

d)

Hypothalamus

10.

Which of the following stimulates ADH secretion? [Riggs quiz]

a)

Excessive fluid intake

b)

Aquaporin-2 channels

c)

Increased plasma osmolality

d)

Hyponatremia

11.

The portion of the pituitary that secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is: [Riggs quiz]

a)

Superior

b)

Anterior

c)

Inferior

d)

Posterior

12.

Diabetes insipidus is a result of: [Riggs quiz]

a)

Insulin hyposecretion

b)

Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion

c)

Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion

d)

Insulin hypersecretion

13.

How does SIADH cause excess water? [Riggs quiz]

a)

Increased ADH causes retention of water in the renal tubules

b)

Increased ADH causes retention of sodium and water in the pituitary

c)

Decreased ADH causes increased serum glucose, which binds to water

d)

Decreased ADH prevents renal tubules from reabsorbing water

14.

Which form of diabetes insipidus will result from the lack of secretion of antidiuretic hormone? [Riggs quiz]

a)

Psychogenic

b)

Nephrogenic

c)

Ischemic

d)

Neurogenic

15.

CRH secretion by the hypothalamus leads to secretion of which hormone by its target organ? [Riggs quiz]

a)

cortisol

b)

aldosterone

c)

epinephrine

d)

estrogen

16.

Which region of the adrenal gland is epinephrine secreted? [Riggs quiz]

a)

zona fasiculata

b)

zona glomerulosa

c)

cortex

d)

medulla

17.

The zona reticularis secretes: [Riggs quiz]

a)

sex hormones

b)

glucocorticoids

c)

epinephrine

d)

aldosterone

18.

Which layer of the adrenal gland are glucocorticoids secreted? [Riggs quiz]

a)

zona reticularis

b)

medulla

c)

zona glomerulosa

d)

zona fasciculata

19.

Secretion of CRH from the hypothalamus leads to secretion of which hormone by the pituitary? [Riggs quiz]

a)

ADH

b)

ACTH

c)

GH

d)

TSH

20.

CRH secretion by the hypothalamus leads to secretion of which hormone by its target organ? [Riggs quiz]

a)

estrogen

b)

epinephrine

c)

aldosterone

d)

cortisol

21.

The adrenal hormone that regulates blood levels of sodium and potassium original from which layer of the adrenal gland? [Riggs quiz]

a)

reticularis

b)

fasciculata

c)

medulla

d)

glomerulosa

22.

Pituitary tumors that secrete prolactin. [Riggs quiz]

a)

Pheochromocytoma

b)

Pituitary Adenoma

c)

Prolactinoma

d)

Thryotropinoma

23.

A PA would expect a patient with Panhypopituitarism to demonstrate which of the following? [Riggs quiz]

a)

Cortisol deficiency

b)

Thyroid deficiency

c)

Aldosterone deficiency

d)

All of the above

24.

Somatotrophs are specialized cells found in which endocrine gland? [Riggs quiz]

a)

hypothalamus

b)

adrenal

c)

pituitary

d)

thyroid

25.

Gigantism occurs only in children and adolescents because their: [Riggs quiz]

a)

Skeletal muscles are not fully developed

b)

Metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood

c)

Epiphyseal plates have not yet closed

d)

Growth hormones are still diminished

26.

Which hormone of the anterior pituitary is not associated with one main target organ? [Riggs quiz]

a)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

b)

Luteinizing hormone

c)

Thyroid stimulating hormone

d)

Growth hormone

27.

Lack of growth hormone in children

a)

Dwarfism

b)

Cretinism

28.

Lack of thyroid hormone in infants

a)

Dwarfism

b)

Cretinism

29.

Secretion of posterior pituitary hormones is controlled by ________

a)

nerve reflexes

b)

electrical impulses

c)

positive feedback from hypothalamus

30.

Posterior pituitary

a)

not glandular

b)

glandular

c)

a collection of axonal projections of neurosecretory cells from the hypothalamus

d)

Serves as a site for the secretion of hormones

e)

Serves as a site for the synthesis of hormones

31.

Hormones of the posterior pituitary

a)

ADH

b)

Oxytocin

c)

ACTH

d)

TSH

e)

GH

32.

will sneak through membrane and bind to receptors in cell without channel/receptor

a)

steroids/sterols

b)

androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol

c)

peptides/glycoproteins/monoamines

d)

thyroid hormone

e)

ACTH, ADH, FSH, GH, oxytocin, parathyroid hormone, prolactin, TSH, insulin

33.

cannot transverse the lipid membrane without a receptor

a)

steroids/sterols

b)

androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol

c)

peptides/glycoproteins/monoamines

d)

thyroid hormone

e)

ACTH, ADH, FSH, GH, oxytocin, parathyroid hormone, prolactin, TSH, insulin

34.

It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones.

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Anterior pituitary

35.

Produces tropic hormones → Hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Anterior pituitary

36.

adenohypophysis *secretes more hormones, gets the glory

a)

anterior lobe

b)

posterior lobe

37.

neurohypophysis

a)

anterior lobe

b)

posterior lobe

38.

Hypopituitarism -- all hormones affected

a)

Panhypopituitarism

b)

Primary adenoma

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Prolactinoma

39.

Hyperpituitarism -- commonly from benign, slow-growing pituitary adenoma

a)

Panhypopituitarism

b)

Primary adenoma

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Prolactinoma

40.

GH hypersecretion in children and adolescents

a)

Panhypopituitarism

b)

Primary adenoma

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Prolactinoma

41.

Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood, Slowly progressive pituitary adenoma

a)

Panhypopituitarism

b)

Primary adenoma

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Prolactinoma

42.

Hypersecretion of Prolactin

a)

Panhypopituitarism

b)

Primary adenoma

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Prolactinoma

43.

Primary adenoma clinical manifestations

a)

Headache and fatigue

b)

Visual changes

c)

Hypersecretion of pituitary from tumor

d)

Hyposecretion of neighboring anterior pituitary hormones

e)

Connective tissue proliferation

44.

Acromegaly

a)

Connective tissue proliferation

b)

Bony proliferation

c)

Symptoms of diabetes

d)

CNS symptoms

e)

Lack of secondary sex characteristics

45.

Acromegaly primary treatment

a)

transsphenoidal surgery

b)

endonasal endoscopic surgery

c)

somatostatin analog

d)

radiation therapy

e)

pegvisomant

46.

Prolactinoma in women

a)

amenorrhea

b)

galactorrhea

c)

hirsutism

d)

osteoporosis

e)

visual changes

47.

Prolactinoma in men

a)

hypogonadism

b)

erectile dysfunction

c)

visual changes

d)

CNS symptoms

48.

Hypothalamus-Anterior Pituitary by way of ____________

a)

portal blood vessels

b)

nerve tract

49.

Hypothalamus-Posterior Pituitary by way of a __________ referred to as the supraoptico-hypophyseal tract

a)

portal blood vessels

b)

nerve tract

50.

Hormones of the _______ Pituitary are synthesized in the nuclei of the hypothalamus and then stored and secreted by the this pituitary.

a)

Posterior

b)

Anterior

51.

The most common cause of apparent hypothalamic dysfunction is

a)

interruption of the pituitary stalk

b)

inability of the gland to produce hormones

c)

inadequate supply of hypothalamic-releasing hormones

52.

SIADH clinical manifestations

a)

Hyponatremia

b)

Hyperatremia

c)

Hypoosmolality

d)

Hyperosmolality

53.

SIADH clinical manifestations

a)

Urine hyperosmolality

b)

Urine hypoosmolality

c)

Hypervolemia

d)

Hypovolemia

54.

SIADH: ______ is a clinical manifestation and ______ can occur upon treatment

a)

weight gain ; weight loss

b)

weight loss ; weight gain

55.

SIADH diagnosis requires documentation of:

a)

Normal renal, adrenal, and thyroid function

b)

Absence of conditions that can alter volume status (diuretic use, HF, etc)

c)

Presence of conditions that can alter volume status (diuretic use, HF, etc)

d)

Elevated renal, adrenal, and thyroid function

e)

Suppressed renal, adrenal, and thyroid function

56.

Insufficient secretion of ADH

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

57.

Cause: organic lesion of the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, or posterior pituitary interferes with ADH synthesis, transport, or release. --> idiopathic, head trauma, pituitary tumor, neurosurgery

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

58.

Usually acquired or may be genetic --> lithium toxicity, renal disease, hypokalemia, pregnancy, medications

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

59.

Renal tubules fail to response ADH

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

60.

abrupt onset of polyuria, nocturia, continual thirst

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

61.

gradual onset of polyuria, nocturia, continual thirst

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

62.

Diabetes Insipidus clinical manifestations

a)

Low urine osmolality

b)

High urine osmolality

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

63.

measure serum osmolarity and plasma ADH levels

a)

Water deprivation

b)

Desmopression challenge

64.

synthetic analog of ADH, should stimulate the concentration of urine

a)

Water deprivation

b)

Desmopression challenge

65.

Water deprivation without DI would result in:

a)

decreased urine volume and increase in urine osmolality

b)

no change in urine volume or urine osmolality

66.

Water deprivation with DI would result in:

a)

decreased urine volume and increase in urine osmolality

b)

no change in urine volume or urine osmolality

67.

Desmopression challenge resulting an increase ability to concentrate the urine is

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

68.

Desmopression challenge resulting no response (insensitive) is

a)

Neurogenic DI

b)

Nephrogenic DI

69.

Psychogenic causes of polydipsia must be differentiated from true DI because administering an ADH analog to an individual with psychogenic DI will result in

a)

severe hypoosmolality

b)

severe hyperomolality

70.

Associated with excessive fluid intake

a)

Diabetes Insipidus

b)

Diabetes Mellitus

c)

Dipsogenic/primary polydipsia

71.

Dexamethasone suppression test: If ACTH is suppressed =

a)

Cushing's disease

b)

Ectopic ACTH producing tumor

72.

Dexamethasone suppression test: If ACTH is not suppressed =

a)

Cushing's disease

b)

Ectopic ACTH producing tumor

73.

Secondary Hypocortisolemia causes ***

a)

autoimmune disease

b)

chronic steroid use

c)

pituitary tumor

d)

radiation/removal

e)

head injury

74.

ACTH Stimulation Test: no change in cortisol

a)

Primary Hypocortisolemia

b)

Secondary Hypocortisolemia

75.

ACTH Stimulation Test: rise in cortisol

a)

Primary Hypocortisolemia

b)

Secondary Hypocortisolemia

76.

Aldosterone is inversely related to salt intake

a)

True

b)

False

77.

Urinary potassium is elevated ***

a)

Hyperaldosteronism

b)

Hypoaldosteronism

78.

ORAL SALT LOADING: primary aldosteronism

a)

aldosterone is still elevated

b)

aldosterone decreases

79.

ORAL SALT LOADING: negative test

a)

aldosterone is still elevated

b)

aldosterone decreases

80.

FLUDROCORTISONE SUPPRESSION TEST: no hyperaldosteronism

a)

aldosterone levels lower

b)

aldosterone remains high

81.

FLUDROCORTISONE SUPPRESSION TEST: hyperaldosteronism

a)

aldosterone levels lower

b)

aldosterone remains high

82.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): _______ hormone production is decreased

a)

Cortisol

b)

ACTH

83.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): _______ hormone production is increased

a)

Cortisol

b)

ACTH

84.

CAH causes a deficiency in ______

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Estrgoens

c)

Androgens

85.

Low levels of aldosterone cause the ____________ form of CAH, which results in electrolyte disturbances, hypotension and syncope ***

a)

salt-wasting

b)

virilizing syndrome

c)

non-classic

86.

Aldosterone produced in the

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

87.

outside adrenal cortex layer

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

88.

Cortisol and Cortisone produced in the

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

89.

Mineralcorticoid produced in the

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

90.

regulates blood levels of sodium and potassium

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

91.

middle adrenal cortex layer

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

92.

Glucocorticoids produced in the

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

93.

regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins AND has anti-inflammatory properties

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

94.

adrenal estrogen and androgen

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

95.

inner adrenal cortex layer

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

96.

secretes catecholamines

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

97.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine produced in the

a)

zona glomerulosa

b)

zona fasciculata

c)

zona reticularis

d)

medulla

98.

cortisol

a)

inflammation

b)

salt and water balance

c)

initiates the activity of the Na-K ATPase

d)

metabolism

99.

aldosterone

a)

inflammation

b)

salt and water balance

c)

initiates the activity of the Na-K ATPase

d)

metabolism

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