consist of water rods that are inserted through the form and threaded onto the ends of an inner rod. After striping the water rods are removed for reuse while the inner rod remains in the concrete

are clamping devices for keeping column forms and tops of wall forms from spreading under the fluid pressure of newly placed concrete

SCAFFOLDING ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS

Loosely fit the remaining components until majority of first level complete. Check standards for verticality and tighten ledgers

used to measure relatively long distances such as those in highway construction.

equipment used by surveyors to measure horizontal and vertical angles to obtain land elevation

is a cellular framework of squared steel, concrete, or timber members, assembled in layers at right angles, and filled with earth or stones

limited to a height of 20’ (6 M); beyond this height a counterfort wall is employed.

are galvanized or PVC coated wire baskets filled with stones and stacked to form an abutment or retaining structure.

an upright timber for supporting a dead load during the structural alteration of a building, esp. one of two supports for a needle

is a process of transferring a portion of the load of the wall to temporary footings and done when the excavation does not go much below the adjoining footings and when the material is fairly solid.

refers to the heavy timber planks joined together side by side to retain the face of an excavation

is a layer of irregularly broken and random-sized stones placed on the slope of an embankment.

For shallow work, an open pit is the most suitable method since it calls for an actual inspection of the undisturbed material over a considerable area.

is used to pump water out of holes in the ground so that construction work can commence.

is used to weld material by employing a laser to heat the metal.

Is a special type of handsaw that has a very thin blade and makes very straight cuts such as those on trims and mouldings.

Is used to cut metals.

Is a long, straight tool that contains one or more vials of liquid and used to determine if the horizontal or vertical is exact.

Is an equipment which moves materials other than fluids.

The process of lowering a water table or preventing an excavation from filling with groundwater. It is accomplished by driving perforated tubes called wellpoints into the ground to collect water from the surrounding area so it can be pumped away.

Are steel H-sections driven vertically into the ground to support.

Is used to break up concrete or asphalt paving.

used for crosscutting wood and consists of a motor-driven saw blade that is hung on an arm over a table.

CHANGE OF LAND ELEVATION AND SLOPE BY FILLING IN LOW SPOTS AND SHAVING OFF HIGH SPOTS.