long chains of amino acid molecules

2 hydrogen cells and 1 oxygen cell

nucleic acid

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

all living things dispose of food, cells are the second smallest living organism of things, and all new cells are dead at first

macromolecules form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together

all living things are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells

Robert Hooke

Unicellular organisms

Plants, animals, fungi, protists

Has a nucleus

No membrane

membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food (glucose) from water and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis

structures with specialized functions

most eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria, which is where energy-releasing reactions occur

chemical reactions of photosynthesis powered by light energy

long chains of amino acid molecules

macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together

large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water

long chain of one or more sugar molecules

long chain of one or more sugar molecules

large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water

cells that form by joining many small molecules together

flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell

fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules

network of threadlike proteins that are joined together

flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules

network of threadlike proteins that are joined together

flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules

network of threadlike proteins that are joined together

flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules

network of threadlike proteins that are joined together

flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside a cell

a stiff structure outside the cell membrane

a structure with specialized functions

part of the eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains

a structure with specialized functions

part of the eukaryotic cell that directs cell activities and contains

True

False

True

False

the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy

organelles found in some cells

the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

he diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane

the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy

cell membranes that allow water to pass through them until equilibrium occurs

occurs when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins

the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane

the movement of substances through a cell membrane through the use of energy (ATP)

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane

process by which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell

occurs when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins

the movement of substances through a cell membrane through the use of energy (ATP)

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

second step of cellular respiration requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria (of eukaryotic cells)

the movement of substances through a cell membrane through the use of energy (ATP)

process by which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane

process by which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell

process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with a cell membrane

process by which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell

series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO₂ into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen

series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO₂ into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen

series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO₂ into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen

series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

process by which glucose is broken down into smaller molecules

a reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low

a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and CO₂ into the food-energy molecule glucose and gives off oxygen