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WorksheetsAP Stats Midterm Review
Total questions: 122
Worksheet time: 3hrs 20mins
A least-squares regression line for predicting weights of basketball players on the basis of their heights produced the residual plot below. What does the residual plot tell you about the linear model?
A residual plot is not an appropriate means for evaluating a linear model.
The curved pattern in the residual plot suggests that there is no association between the weight and height of basketball players.
The curved pattern in the residual plot suggests that the linear model is not appropriate.
There are not enough data points to draw any conclusions from the residual plot.
The linear model is appropriate, because there are approximately the same number of points above and below the horizontal line in the residual plot.
One concern about the depletion of the ozone layer is that the increase in ultraviolet (UV) light will decrease crop yields. An experiment was conducted in a green house where soybean plants were exposed to varying levels of UV, measured in Dobson units. At the end of the experiment the yield (kg) was measured. A regression analysis was performed with the following results: The least-squares regression line is the line that
minimizes the sum of the distances between the actual UV values and the predicted UV values.
minimizes the sum of the squared residuals between the actual yield and the predicted yield.
minimizes the sum of the distances between the actual yield and the predicted UV.
minimizes the sum of the squared residuals between the actual UV reading and the predicted UV values.
minimizes the perpendicular distance between the regression line and each data point.
What is the interquartile range?
39
55
16
18
How would you describe the shape of this boxplot?
Skewed Right
Skewed Left
Symmetrical
When a graph is symmetrical, what would you use to describe the center and spread?
Mean and IQR
Median and IQR
Mean and Standard Deviation
Median and Standard Deviation
Which is NOT included in the 5-Number Summary
Minimum
Q3
Median
Mode
Which measure of spread should be used to describe the distribution?
standard deviation
interquartile range
range
median
A variable that assigns a label that places each individual into one of several groups or categories.
quantitative variable
categorical variable
discrete random variable
continuous random variable
These are types of graphs that can be used to display categorical distributions. (Select all that apply)
Bar graph
Dotplot
Histogram
Boxplot
Pie chart
Joe Mama wants to do an observational study comparing height and weight. He also does a study comparing weight and calories consumed daily. He concludes that the more calories you consume, the more you weigh. And people who weigh more are generally taller. Therefore, if you eat more, you will get taller. Why is this incorrect?
Causation from one observational study cannot be extrapolated and applied to another
Correlation does not indicate causation
He is ignoring the lurking variable of age
He did not have a control group
If I tell you that you scored at the 55th percentile on your last exam, you would know:
55% of the class scored as good or worse than I did.
I earned a 55% on the exam.
I failed the exam.
45% of the class scored worse than I did.
A company wanted to determine the child care costs of its employees. A sample of 25 employees were interviewed and their child care expenses for the previous year were determined. Later, the company discovered that the highest expense in the sample was mistakenly recorded as 5 times the actual amount. However, after correcting the error, the correct amount was still greater than or equal to any other expense in the sample. Which of the following sample statistics must have remained the same after the correction was made?
standard deviation
mean
mode
range
median
A company determines the mean and standard deviation of the employees' salaries in one year. What is the best description of the standard deviation?
Approximately the median distance between the individual salaries of employees and the mean of every employee's salary.
The amount of money separating the highest salary from the lowest salary when considering the middle 50% of the distribution.
The amount of money separating the highest salary from the lowest salary when considering all employees.
The distance between the salary of an employee and the mean salary of all the employees.
Approximately the mean distance between the individual salaries of employees and the mean of all employees' salaries.
The equation of the LSRL for the points on a scatterplot is ŷ = 5.3-0.23x. What is the residual for the point (5, 4)?
-0.15
0.15
1
0.62
0.85
To check the effect of hot temperatures on the elasticity of two brands of rubber bands, one box of Brand A and one box of Brand B rubber bands are tested. Ten bands from the Brand A box are placed in a warm car in the sun for two hours and ten bands from the Brand B box are kept at room temperature. The amount of stretch before the breakage is measured on each rubber band, and the mean for the hot bands is compared to the mean for the others. Is this a good experimental design?
No, because the means are not proper statistics for comparison.
No, because more than two brands should be used.
No, because more temperatures should be used.
No, because temperature is confounded with brand.
Yes
In a certain school, students can choose whether to eat in the school’s cafeteria. A reporter working for the school’s newspaper polled students on their reactions to changes in the menu at the cafeteria. For each student leaving the cafeteria in one 20-minute time period, the reporter used a die to determine whether to stop the student and ask how he or she felt about the new menu. In the reporter’s article it was stated that a random sample of the students showed that 23% of the school’s student population was happy with the new menu. Which of the following statements is true?
Because each student leaving the cafeteria was randomly selected and could choose to answer or not, this is a random sample of the student population, and the 23% is an accurate measurement of the school population’s view of the new menu.
Because students self-selected whether to eat in the cafeteria, the sampling method might be biased and the sample might not be representative of all students in the school.
The survey would have been more effective if the reporter had collected the data in one 10-minute time period rather than in one 20-minute time period.
The survey would have been more effective if students who cared about the food could have called the reporter to tell how they felt about the new menu, so that only students with opinions on the subject would have been surveyed.
Because no treatment was imposed on the students eating in the cafeteria, one cannot make any conclusions about the new menu.
The student government at a high school wants to conduct a survey of student opinion. It wants to begin with a simple random sample of 80 students. Which of the following survey methods will produce a simple random sample?
Survey the first 80 students to arrive at school in the morning
Survey every 5th student entering the school library until 80 students are surveyed.
Use random numbers to choose 20 each of first-year, second-year, third-year, and fourth-year students.
Number the students in the official school roster. Use a table of random numbers to choose 80 students from this roster for the survey.
Number the cafeteria seats. Use a table of random numbers to choose seats and interview the students until 80 have been interviewed.
The segmented bar charts below depict the data from the NAAL (National Assessment of Adult Literacy) conducted in 2003. Based on the graph, which statement must be true.
The prose literacy level with the greatest percentage of people who volunteered once per week or more was below basic.
For people with proficient prose literacy level, the number who volunteered once per week or more was greater than the number who volunteered less than once per week.
Intermediate and proficient prose level had the same number of students who volunteered less than once per week.
Of all the students that never volunteered, the greatest number were in the below basic level of prose literacy.
For students who had basic prose literacy level, the number who volunteered less than once per week was greater than those who never volunteered.
The boys and girls basketball teams at a high school had their heights measured at practice. The following data was recorded for their heights. What can you conclude from the distributions?
The girls have a larger median and a larger range in heights.
The boys had a smaller median height than the girls; however, the boys had a larger range of heights.
The median height for the boys and the girls is the same; however, the girls have a larger range.
The median height for the boys is larger; however, the girls have a larger range.
No information can be concluded from the distribution since there is no key included.
A cosmetics supplier ships boxes of highlighter to individual customers. The distribution of weights of shipped boxes is approximately normal with mean 5 pounds and standard deviation 1.2 pounds. Which expression represents the weight, in pounds, at the 75th percentile of the distribution?
-1.96(1.2) + 5
-0.25(1.2) + 5
0.25(1.2) + 5
0.67(1.2) + 5
0.75(1.2) + 5
The boxplots summarize two data sets, 1 and 2. Which of the following must be true?
I. Class #2 contains more data than Class #1.
II. The box of Class #2 contains more data than the box of Class #1.
III. The data in Class #1 has a smaller range than the data in Class #2.
I only
I and III only
I and II only
I, II, and III
III only
What can be used to show a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?
A controlled experiment
A census
An observational study
A cross-sectional study
A sample survey
Use the table to answer the following question. Of the male subjects in the study, what fraction drive a sports car?
39/84
39/240
39/60
60/240
84/240
The Teachers' Health Study, a large medical experiment involving 18,000 female teachers, attempted to determine whether aspirin could help prevent heart attacks. In this study, one group of about 9,000 teachers took an aspirin every other day, while a control group took a placebo. After several years, it was determined that the teachers in the group that took aspirin had significantly fewer heart attacks than the teachers in the control group. Which of the following statements explains why it would not be appropriate to say that everyone should take an aspirin every other day?
I. The study included only teachers, and different results may occur in individuals in other occupations.
II. The study included only females and there may be different results with males.
III. Although taking aspirin may be helpful in preventing heart attacks, it may be harmful to some other aspects of health.
I only
II only
II and III only
I and III only
I, II, and III
Consider the following two normal curves. Which has the larger mean and which has the larger standard deviation?
Larger mean ¨a¨, larger standard deviation ¨a¨
Larger mean ¨a¨, larger standard deviation ¨b¨
Larger mean ¨b¨, larger standard deviation ¨a¨
Larger mean ¨b¨, larger standard deviation ¨b¨
Larger mean ¨b¨, same standard deviation
The number of students on the Shawnee Heights Honor Roll..
Random sample of 100 students from each grade level at a high school to complete a survey.
Number of Storms 0 1 2 3
Probability 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2
How many storms should we expect in August?
P(X=x) 0.7 0.2 0.1
Find the standard deviation.
The mean number of customers that make a purchase during the first hour that the store is open is:
Putting the populations of a few Grant County schools into a group and sampling them
20, 41, 27, 28, 1, 52, 32, 30, 23, 72, 40, 51, 49, 37
A small fry weighs 3 ounces with a standard deviation of 0.2 ounces and a cheeseburger weighs 5 ounces with a standard deviation of 0.4 ounces. Jimmy makes a heart attack bet with one of his friends that he can eat 4 small fries and 4 cheeseburgers in 10 minutes.
Not only do we want to know if Jimmy can accomplish this heart attack goal, but what is the total mean and standard deviation in ounces for the cheeseburgers and small fries that Jimmy is about to devour?
Mean = 8 ounces
Standard Deviation = 0.8 ounces
Mean = 8 ounces
Standard Deviation = 0.89 ounces
Mean = 32 ounces
Standard Deviation = 2.4 ounces
Mean = 32 ounces
Standard Deviation = 0.8 ounces
Mean = 32 ounces
Standard Deviation = 0.89 ounces
Homer Simpson has yet another new job. He is now the personal chauffeur for a bunch of characters. These characters always travel together to places like the CartoonCon Convention, and Homer always drives them in a van that weighs 4050 pounds.
Of course, Homer's weight and the weights of the other characters go up and down a bit each day depending on how much they have been enjoying their food. The table above gives Homer's and each of the other character's mean weights and the standard deviation of their weights (in pounds).
Mean = 582.7 pounds
Standard Deviation = 1.6 pounds
Mean = 582.7 pounds
Standard Deviation = 7.62 pounds
Mean = 4632.7 pounds
Standard Deviation =1.6 pounds
Mean = 4632.7 pounds
Standard Deviation = 7.62 pounds
We cannot find the standard deviation of the total weight since we are not given the standard deviation of the weight of the van.
A bag is filled with 3 red marbles, 2 blue marbles, and 1 green marble. What is the probability of drawing a blue marble then a red marble without replacement?
1/2
3/4
1/5
5/8
You randomly select one truck owner. Which one of the following is true about the events "Owner has a Chevy" and "Owner's truck has four-wheel drive"?
Cluster
Convenience
Simple random
Stratified random
Systematic
Which of the following is a key distinction between well designed experiments and observational studies?
More subjects are available for experiments than for observational studies.
Ethical constraints prevent large-scale observational studies.
Experiments are less costly to conduct than observational studies.
An experiment can show a direct cause-and-effect relationship, whereas an observational study cannot.
Tests of significance cannot be used on data collected from an observational study.
The wording of the question is biased.
A person could answer the survey multiple times.
It uses a stratified sample rather than a simple random sample.
the survey excludes voters who do not watch the evening news cast.
People who feel strongly about the issue are more likely to respond.
by blocking on car type
by blocking on oil type
by blocking on engine life
by blocking on engine size
without blocking
The graduates who did not respond caused the assumption of independence to be invalid.
The graduates who did not respond changed the survey from a census to a simple random sample of graduates.
The graduates who did not respond reduced the sample size and smaller samples are more biased than large samples.
The graduates who did not respond may represent a group that is homogeneous with respect to income and differs from the graduates who did respond.
The graduates who did not respond may represent a group that is heterogeneous with respect to income and is similar to the graduates who did respond.
Have the subjects choose which spray they are willing to use for the 12-hour period.
Assign the sprays to the subjects on the basis of their camping and hiking experience without randomization.
Give the new spray to all subjects for a 12-hour period, then give the DEET spray to all subjects for a second 12-hour period.
Randomly assign the subject to two groups, giving the new spray to one group and the DEET spray to the second group.
Each subject uses a randomization device to select which spray to apply to the right side of their body. The other spray is then applied to the left side of their body.
A random sample of students will be chosen.
Each student in the population belongs to only one stratum.
The population of students will be divided into homogeneous groups by grade level.
Proportional numbers of students could be selected from each grade level.
Every possible subset of the population of students in the district has the same chance of being selected.
No, because there was not a group that received no pesticide.
No, because the experiment was only done with fire ants so the results cannot be generalized to all ants.
Yes, because the ants were randomly selected for the two treatment groups.
Yes, because the difference was statistically significant.
Yes, because there was a control group to reduce the effects of confounding variables.
a successful experiment due to the peppermint treatment.
poor design due to the lack of a control group.
measurement bias since we do not know the difficulty level of the exam.
the placebo effect due to the increase of scores in the non-peppermint group.
blocking by peppermint and no peppermint candy.
The median of the earnings of Company A is less than the median of the earnings of Company B.
The range of the earning of Company A is less than the range of the earnings of Company B.
The third quartile of company A is smaller than the third quartile of Company B.
The mean of the earnings of Company A is greater than the mean of the earnings of Company B.
Since the distribution is skewed right, the mean is less than the median.
Since the distribution is skewed right, the median is less than the mean.
Since the distribution is skewed left, the mean is less than the median.
Since the distribution is skewed left, the median is less than the mean.
The range of data set I is equal to the range of data set II.
The interquartile range of data set I is equal to the interquartile range of data set II.
The median of data set I is less than the median of data set II.
Data set I and data set II have the same number of data points.
About 75% of the values in data set II are greater than or equal to about 50% of the values in data set I.
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following points has the greatest influence on the strength of the correlation coefficient?
A
B
C
D
E
3.3 degrees F
16.5 degrees F
25.2 degrees F
28.5 degrees F
For each increase of one degree of motion, the estimated number of years played decreases by 1.71.
For each increase of one degree of motion, the estimated number of years played increases by 1.71.
For each increase of one year played, the number of degrees of motion decreases by 1.71.
For each increase of one year played, there is an estimated decrease in degrees of motion of 1.71.
82.4%
90.5%
90.8%
95.1%
95.3%
Using the information from the table, what is the equation of the least squares regression line?
There is a linear relationship between x and y, and Regression I yields a better fit.
There is a linear relationship between x and y, and Regression II yields a better fit.
There is a positive correlation between x and y.
There is a nonlinear relationship between x and y, and Regression II yields a better fit.
In the wild, 400 randomly selected blooming azalea plants are observed and classified according to flower petal color (white, pink, or orange) and whether or not they have a fragrance. The table gives the results. If a single azalea plant is selected at random, which one of the following is the probability that it has pink flower petals or no fragrance?
0.04
0.635
0.595
0.555
In the wild, 400 randomly selected blooming azalea plants are observed and classified according to flower petal color (white, pink, or orange) and whether or not they have a fragrance. The table gives the results. If a single azalea plant is selected at random and found to be orange, what is the probability that it has no fragrance?
0.05
0.125
0.149
0.526
In the wild, 400 randomly selected blooming azalea plants are observed and classified according to flower petal color (white, pink, or orange) and whether or not they have a fragrance. The table gives the results. Suppose a single azalea plant is chosen at random. Which of the following expressions establishes that the events “Fragrance” and “Pink” are not independent?
Boxplot A goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot B goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot C goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot D goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot E goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot F goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot G goes with histogram
(a)
Boxplot H goes with histogram
(a)
The 2010-2011 school year is skewed left, while the 2011-2012 school year is skewed right
Both distributions are skewed left
Both distributions are skewed right
The 2010-2011 school year is skewed right, while the 2011-2012 school year is skewed left
Which variables would be considered continuous? Check all that apply.
Number of students working on this review right now
Amount of time spent working on this review
Number of complaints Ms. Matter will hear about the length of this review
Number of "Matter Looks" Ms. Matter will give when students are not working on this review but rather on their English review....
Length of pregnancy
Which of the following describes how to find an outlier on a boxplot?
Q3 - Q1
Q1 + 1.5(IQR)
Q3 + 1.5(IQR)
Q2 - 1.5(IQR)
What is the explanatory variable?
Wind Velocity
electricity production
What is the direction of the scatterplot for this situation?
positive
negative
No way to tell
How much more electricity would the windmill be expected to produce on a day when the wind velocity is 25 mph than on a day when the wind velocity is 15 mph?
6.137 amperes
3.737 amperes
2.4 amperes
2.537 amperes
What proportion of the variation in electricity production is explained by its linear relationship with wind velocity?
87.3%
86.8%
93.4%
28.9%
What is the probability the M&M is blue?
(a)
What is the probability the M&M is red or green?
(a)
What is the probability the M&M is yellow and orange?
(a)
Find the expected grade for the probability distribution given. Give exact value.
(a)
Find the variance for the grades for the probability distribution given. Truncate to 2 decimal places
(a)
For test 1, the class average was 80 with a standard deviation of 10. For test 2, the class average was 70 with a standard deviation of 12.
What is the average for the two tests put together?
(a)
For test 1, the class average was 80 with a standard deviation of 10. For test 2, the class average was 70 with a standard deviation of 12.
What is the standard deviation for the two tests put together? truncate to 2 decimal places
(a)
For test 1, the class average was 80 with a standard deviation of 10. For test 2, the class average was 70 with a standard deviation of 12.
What is the difference in the test averages?
(a)
For test 1, the class average was 80 with a standard deviation of 10. For test 2, the class average was 70 with a standard deviation of 12.
What is the standard deviation for the difference in the test averages? truncate to 2 decimal places.
(a)
The average number of red lights a person runs in a day is 1.2 with a standard deviation of 0.65. What is the expected number of red lights a person will run in a 5 day work week?
(a)
The average number of red lights a person runs in a day is 1.2 with a standard deviation of 0.65. What is the standard deviation for the number of red lights a person will run in a 5 day work week? Truncate to 2 decimal places.
(a)
The average number of customers that fill their clear water cup at a restaurant (which is free) with something other than water is 5.8 per day with a standard deviation of 2.7.
The restaurant will lose $0.45 for every person that dishonestly fills their water cup with a different beverage. What is the expected loses per day for the restaurant?
(a)
The average number of customers that fill their clear water cup at a restaurant (which is free) with something other than water is 5.8 per day with a standard deviation of 2.7.
The restaurant will lose $0.45 for every person that dishonestly fills their water cup with a different beverage. What is the standard deviation for loses per day for the restaurant? Truncate to 2 decimal places.
(a)
