The belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes.

An important English political work; the first to explain the social contract theory. The contract could never be broken.

An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.

An economy based on trade and industry.

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

Belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

That which each firm, property owner, worker, and consumer believes is best for itself and seeks to obtain.

The movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic barriers.

Government only intervenes when necessary (example is public goods like roads and the military).

Division of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers.

Raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth in their own homes.

An economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it and depending on how much of the good is available.

Prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home.

Extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources.

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

This machine played an important role in the mechanization of textile production. Like the spinning wheel, it may be operated by a treadle or by hand. But, unlike the spinning wheel, it can spin more than one yarn at a time. The idea for multiple-yarn spinning was conceived about 1764 by James Hargreaves, an English weaver. In 1770, he patented a machine that could spin 16 yarns at a time. (643, 727)

Was developed by John Kay, its invention was one of the key developments in weaving that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution, enabled the weaver of a loom to throw the shuttle back and forth between the threads with one hand.

1780's; Richard Arkwright; powered by horse or water; turned out yarn much faster than cottage spinning wheels, led to development of mechanized looms.

In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine which produced a thread which was stronger, finer and more consistent.

Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war.

This new system gradually replaced localized cottage industry. Workers were paid by the hour instead of for what they produce. On one hand it decreased the need for skilled labor, but in other ways it increased the amount of specialization due to labor being concentrated together in buildings.

These were the angry old cottage industry workers who lost their jobs and costumers to machines and as a result, they began to secretly destroy the machines.

Events that led to Russia's sudden change of alliance during the Seven Years' War: in January 1762, the Empress Elizabeth of Russia died. Her nephew Peter, a strong admirer of Frederick the Great of Prussia, succeeded her and reversed Elizabeth's anti-Prussian policy. He negotiated peace with Prussia and signed both an armistice and a treaty of peace and friendship.

A military alliance between Great Britain and Prussia in which the two state agreed that Britain would not aid Austria in a renewed conflict for Silesia if Prussia agreed to protect Hanover from France.

Ended Prussia v. Austria part of Seven Years War; Silesia remains Prussian; almost no border changes resulted.

A treaty signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France, and Spain with Portugal in agreement after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the North American theater, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but Great Britain gained much of France's possessions in North America. Additionally, Great Britain agreed to protect Roman Catholicism in the New World. The treaty did not involve Prussia and Austria as they signed a separate agreement, the Treaty of Hubertusburg.

The time of changing alliances between the war of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, France allied with Austria and Russia, while Prussia is allied with Great Britain.

The Spanish-Portuguese War between 1762 and 1763 fought as part of the Seven Years' War. The name refers to the fact that no major battles were fought, even though there were numerous movements of troops and huge losses among the invaders—utterly defeated in the end.

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

A phrase coined by Adam Smith to describe the process that turns self-directed gain into social and economic benefits for all.

American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815).

Invented the telegraph and Morse code.

United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825)

Inventor of the telephone.

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.

Began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947).

Invented the Flying Shuttle.

Inventor of the modern Power Loom.

Invented the Water Frame.

Inventor of the Spinning Jenny.

Invented the Seed Drill.

Made farming more efficient because it cut through the soil quicker

The "Father of Radio," he developed the first working system of radio communication through his experiments in wireless telegraphy.

Ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation.

The catholic, Habsburg emperor of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years War.

Ended the Thirty Years War, it was written in French and stated that the ruler of a land would determine the lands official religion of that land. It also gave Calvinists legal recognition.

Ended the French and Indian War.

English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)