WorksheetsChapter 7: Cultural Transformations
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 27mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
How did Luther's belief in the Bible as the source of religious truth threaten the power of the church?
a)
The church could not print enough Bibles for every Christian
b)
It freed individuals to disagree with the Church's interpretation of Christianity.
c)
It placed a person's salvation in their own hands.
d)
It eliminated the idea of faith.
2.
Why did certain princes and kings embrace Luther's ideas?
a)
They believed all people to be equal.
b)
They objected to the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope.
c)
They had long resented the Pope's political power over them.
d)
They wanted to improve the living conditions of their peasants.
3.
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Thirty Years' War?
a)
Catholic forces regained control over most of Europe.
b)
About 15–30 percent of the German population was exterminated.
c)
Separate states gained the power to choose Protestantism or Catholicism.
d)
Europe was permanently divided between Protestant and Catholic lands.
4.
Which of the following was a major difference between Protestants and Catholics in European colonies?
a)
Catholics built churches; Protestants did not.
b)
Catholics sought to convert native peoples; Protestants did not.
c)
Catholics did not condone slavery; Protestants did.
d)
Catholics were focused on getting rich; Protestants were not.
5.
In what way did most Native Americans in the Andes and Mexico respond to the imposition of Christianity on their culture?
a)
They slaughtered the missionaries.
b)
They refused to pray or participate in services.
c)
The incorporated their older religious beliefs into Christian doctrine and practice.
d)
They embraced Christianity wholeheartedly.
6.
Which of the following best describes the behavior of the Jesuits in China?
a)
They attempted to wipe out all non-Christian religious temples, idols, and priests.
b)
They kept to themselves, observing at a distance.
c)
They began preaching the gospel to the poor and downtrodden.
d)
They learned about and adopted much Chinese culture and learning.
7.
All of the following explain why Christianity did not catch on in China EXCEPT:
a)
Christianity offered little not already offered by Chinese religions.
b)
Conversion to Christianity was all-or-nothing, and ruled out much Chinese culture.
c)
Jesuits were viewed as superstitious and uneducated by Chinese intellectuals.
d)
Western military gains in Asia made many Chinese suspicious of missionaries.
8.
How did Europeans commonly react to African slaves’ syncretic religions, such as Santeria and Vodou?
a)
They encouraged these religions.
b)
They turned a blind eye to these religions.
c)
They often participated in these religions.
d)
They considered these religions to be satanic witchcraft and tried to suppress them.
9.
How were individual merchants, wandering holy men, or scholars able to spread Islam further throughout Africa, Asia, and even the Americas during the Early Modern Era?
a)
They were not threatening to local rulers, and were often quite useful.
b)
They were advance scouts for Islamic armies preparing invasion.
c)
They were not able to spread Islam on their own.
d)
They offered to convert local people if those people gave up their old religions.
10.
Which of the following best describes the state created by Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad Ibn Saud in the 1740s?
a)
A state based on a pure and strict interpretation of Islam
b)
A state dedicated to the creation of material wealth
c)
A state open to learning and understanding the world’s other religions
d)
A state defined by corruption, greed, and non-Islamic values
11.
How was Wang Yangmin's Confucianism MOST similar to Martin Luther's Christianity?
a)
They lived during the same time period.
b)
They both sought to reform their respective religions.
c)
They both believed that an elite class should rule society.
d)
They both saw truth as innately accessible for every human being.
12.
How might the Hindu practice of bhakti have threatened the social order in India?
a)
It sought to revive Hinduism.
b)
It set aside caste distinctions.
c)
It encouraged foot-washing.
d)
It sought to combine Islam and Hinduism.
13.
Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community?
a)
Violence was more effective at gaining converts.
b)
Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war.
c)
The British military trained them to be militants.
d)
They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.
14.
Why was the legal concept of a "corporation" so important to the development of the European Scientific Revolution?
a)
It allowed universities to have a measure of educational and intellectual freedom from the church and state.
b)
It allowed for large-scale businesses to develop that could fund research.
c)
It allowed universities to make profits.
d)
It allowed churches and monasteries to make profits off their inventions.
15.
What role did science play in the educational systems of Islamic and Chinese societies?
a)
It was central.
b)
It was marginal.
c)
There was great curiosity, but no texts in their languages.
d)
These societies had never had interest in science.
16.
What was the radical implication of Newton's law of mutual gravitation?
a)
It implied that God Himself had a gravitational weight.
b)
It implied that space flight was impossible.
c)
It implied that the heavens and earth obeyed the same laws.
d)
It implied that all planets would eventually crash into their sun.
17.
How does the Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs.
b)
The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution.
c)
The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific Revolution.
d)
The Enlightenment was more mystical than the Scientific Revolution.
18.
How did many Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire, think about established religion?
a)
They were devoutly religious.
b)
They believed they could replace Christianity with an even better religion.
c)
They saw most religions as superstitious and intolerant.
d)
Publicly they supported the Church, but privately they mocked it.
19.
Which of the following best describes the Enlightenment-era philosophy of Rousseau?
a)
Children should be educated in nature, not in society.
b)
Children should be protected from nature, and kept inside society.
c)
Nature imbued people with traits of greed and envy.
d)
Children should begin reading books as early as possible.
20.
Which of the following best describes the response of China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
They refused to believe any Europeans could make important discoveries.
b)
They recognized the greatness of European discoveries, but could not understand how to teach them.
c)
They adopted some of the more practical aspects, such as map-making and anatomy, but little beyond that.
d)
They embraced European science wholeheartedly.
21.
The Protestant Reformation offered women
a)
more alternatives to marriage than were offered by the medieval Catholic Church.
b)
generally more opportunities to play an official role within their churches.
c)
more opportunity to use their education outside the home.
d)
fewer female objects of veneration.
22.
Which of the following is true of the Protestant Reformation?
a)
It maintained its unity as it spread.
b)
The invention of the printing press facilitated its spread.
c)
The movement began in France.
d)
It discouraged independent reading of the scriptures.
23.
Which of the following groups had the greatest success in converting peoples to Christianity?
a)
Jesuit missionaries in China
b)
Spanish Catholic missionaries in the Philippines
c)
Puritan missionaries in New England
d)
Portuguese missionaries in Africa
24.
Which of the following was a major difference between Protestants and Catholics in European colonies?
a)
Catholics generally built churches while Protestants never did.
b)
Catholics were generally more intent on converting native peoples than Protestants.
c)
Catholics were generally more opposed to slavery than Protestants.
d)
Catholics were focused on getting rich while Protestants generally were not.
25.
How did Europeans commonly react to African slaves’ syncretic religions, such as Santeria and Vodou?
a)
They tolerated these religions.
b)
They turned a blind eye to these religions.
c)
They often participated in these religions.
d)
They considered these religions to be satanic witchcraft and tried to suppress them.
26.
The Wahhabi movement
a)
began with a slave revolt in Brazil.
b)
was a series of jihads in West Africa.
c)
opposed religious blending or syncretism in Arabia.
d)
supported the policies of religious tolerance enacted by Mughal emperor Akbar
27.
How might the Hindu practice of bhakti have threatened the social order in India?
a)
It sought to revive Hinduism.
b)
It set aside caste distinctions.
c)
It encouraged foot-washing.
d)
It emphasized the differences between Islam and Hinduism.
28.
Which of the following contributed most to the Scientific Revolution occurring in Europe rather than in China or the Islamic world?
a)
The relative independence of European universities
b)
The superior libraries of Western Europe
c)
Europe’s leadership in the fields of mathematics and medicine after 1000 c.e.
d)
The refusal of European scholars to separate the study of the natural order from that of philosophy and theology
29.
How does the Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.
b)
The Enlightenment refers to people’s growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution.
c)
The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific Revolution.
d)
The Enlightenment was more mystical than the Scientific Revolution.
30.
Which of the following best describes the adoption of modern European science in China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire during the early modern era?
a)
All three societies adopted European advances in medicine.
b)
None of them showed any interest in European anatomical studies.
c)
All were primarily interested in European advances in theoretical science rather than in the practical applications of European scientific achievements.
d)
All were selective in their adoption of European science.
31.
What did Voltaire believe was the cause of intolerance, conflict, and oppression?
a)
Religion
b)
Race
c)
Gender
d)
Education
e)
Political Affiliation
32.
In his book The Spirit of Laws this Enlightenment thinker proposed government be divided into three parts: executive branch, judicial branch, and legislative branch.
a)
Baron de Montesquieu
b)
John Locke
c)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
d)
Simon de Bolivar
e)
Karl Marx
33.
The concepts of natural rights and the consent of the governed are attributed to which Enlightenment thinker?
a)
John Locke
b)
Maximilian Robespierre
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Lord Byron
e)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
34.
Liberalism is associated with:
a)
keeping things as they are are returning back to a previous era
b)
abollshing property rights, universal suffrage, and redistributing wealth
c)
states ran by religious codes
d)
promoting social change that does not effect middle class social status
35.
What idea below was developed by Robert Owen and result in a "self-sufficient, cooperative community in which property was commonly owned."
a)
Utopian Socialism
b)
Utopian Capitalism
c)
Socialist Utopia
d)
Moo
36.
According to John Locke, if the government didn't protect the people's natural rights, what could the people do?
a)
Overthrow the government
b)
Petition the government for their rights
c)
Nothing, the people don't have rights
37.
Define "laissez-faire"
a)
the state should not impose higher prices on food
b)
the state should not impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
c)
the state should not create new laws
d)
a blank mind
38.
An agreement between people and the government to give up some rights for safety and protection
a)
Philosophers
b)
Democracy
c)
Social Contract
d)
Divine Right of Kings
39.
Enlightenment thinkers and theories inspired
a)
A. the French Revolution
b)
B. the American Revolution
c)
C. other revolutions of the 1800s
d)
D. all of the above
40.
This 19th Century-ism appeals to the Aristocracy / Landed Gentry. Buzzwords are tradition, institutions, privileges. Proponents would Edmund Burke, and Metternich.
a)
Conservatism
b)
Liberalism
c)
Romanticism
d)
Socialism
41.
This 19th Century-ism appeals to the Bourgeois (professional class). Buzzwords would include Liberty, Constitution, Natural Rights, laissez faire, Choice, Equality, reform, individualism, progress.
a)
Conservatism
b)
Liberalism
c)
Romanticism
d)
Socialism
42.
This 19th Century-ism appealed to all social classes. Buzzwords would include spirit (Volksgeist), freedom, and independence.
a)
Nationalism
b)
Liberalism
c)
Romanticism
d)
Feminism
43.
This 19th Century-ism appealed mostly to the working class (proletariat). Buzzwords words include; justice, equality, fairness, harmony, corporations, associations, organization, community, & freedom.
a)
Nationalism
b)
Liberalism
c)
Socialism
d)
Feminism
44.
Which 19th Century-ism would best apply to Mary Wollstonecraft & John Stuart Mill. With their books A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, The Subjection of Women.
a)
Nationalism
b)
Liberalism
c)
Socialism
d)
Feminism
45.
The Enlightenment emphasized ____ over tradition and ____ over community values.
a)
reason; individualism
b)
religion; inspiration
c)
philosophy; New World influences
d)
social science; independence
46.
Thomas Hobbes
a)
people couldn't be trusted, they were nasty
b)
people had natural rights
c)
government should have separate branches
d)
argued for religious and civil liberty
47.
John Locke
a)
people couldn't be trusted, they were nasty
b)
people had natural rights
c)
government should have separate branches
d)
argued for religious and civil liberty
48.
Montesquieu
a)
people couldn't be trusted, they were nasty
b)
people had natural rights
c)
government should have separate branches
d)
argued for religious and civil liberty
49.
Voltaire
a)
people couldn't be trusted, they were nasty
b)
people had natural rights
c)
government should have separate branches
d)
argued for religious and civil liberty
50.
Reform movement to end slavery
a)
abolitionism
b)
classical liberalism
c)
utopian socialism
d)
feminism
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