Every day, Mayan priests studied the sun, moon, and stars. Based on their observations, they made great advances in astronomy and mathematics. Because of their studies, they _______________________________.

The many Native American groups had a wide variety of religious beliefs. Yet, they shared some basic ideas. Whether hunting, fishing, farming, or gathering wild plants, many Native Americans felt a close connection to the _____________________________.

The United States gets its name “America” from the name of:

Which physical feature most affected what people of a region ate?

Which feature of Chinese civilization had the greatest impact on other civilizations?

The biological and cultural exchange of animals, plants, human populations, diseases, food, government, technology, the arts, and languages between the Eastern and Western hemispheres is known as the ___________________.

How were the Olmecs able to support a civilization and cities?

How did the city of Mecca promote trade?

how did the innovation of movable type encourage more people to read?

How did the Anasazi adapt to escape threats from neighboring tribes?

Which of the following is an example of an effect of cultural diffusion in early North America?

T/F -

· Mountain plateaus

· Arid deserts

· Fertile plains

· Lush woodlands

· Thick rain forests

This list shows the variety of physical environments in which Native Americans settled in the Americas.

T/F - Hohokams and Anasazis used irrigation to thrive in the North American Southwest and it is still widely used in the region by people today.

T/F - Mild climate and plentiful resources are physical characteristics of the environment that helped support larger populations in some Native American culture regions.

T/F - Used by sailors in the 1400s, a rudder has a similar function to that of GPS technology and is still used today.

T/F - Historians have been able to piece together Native American history mainly because of the vast amount of written records kept by Native Americans over the centuries.

a raised road made of packed earth

masked dancer at religious ceremonies of the Southwest Indians

entire way of life developed by a people

a wide shelf of land cut into a hillside

a device made of cord or string with knots that stood for quantities; used by the Incas to keep accounts and records

a navigational instrument used to determine latitude, or location north or south of Earth's equator

rule by lords who ruled their lands but owed loyalty and military service to a monarch

a series of wars fought by Christians to control the region then known as the Holy Land or Palestine

a period known for its great burst of learning and technological innovations

the process of spreading ideas from one culture to another

Which represents an Aztec adaptation to their environment?

What was the main reason that early settlers gradually spread across the Americas?

Which group of people had the highest power in Maya society?

T/F - One of the theories scientists believe allowed first settlers to arrive in the Americas is known as the Land-Bridge Theory.

A person could be a peninsular in the Spanish colonies based on their

The Protestant Reformation was

Why do you think mestizos ranked higher than Indians in the New Spain social class system?

The main reason the Virginia Company changed the way the Jamestown colony was governed was because it wanted

On what were social classes in New Spain based?

Why were the Dutch and the French such fierce enemies in North America?

Jamestown became successful after the settlers began to

Which form of labor required heavy use of enslaved Africans in the West Indies and Brazil?

What is the best way to describe the results of the Spanish expeditions into the borderlands in the early 1500s?

a fort where soldiers lived in the Spanish colonies

a representative assembly in colonial Virginia

A Spanish explorer who claimed lands in America for Spain

a waterway through or around North America

a settlement run by Catholic priests and friars whose goal was to convert Indians to Christianity

an agreement between nations to aid and protect one another

a legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

a political system in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them

a representative to the colonial Virginia government

a person who pledges to work for a master for a period until he or she pays off a debt, such as the cost of a voyage to a colony

The Spanish search for treasure reached beyond the lands of the Aztecs and Incas. Moving north, conquistadors explored the Spanish borderlands. Who searched for the “fountain of youth?”

The conquistadors set up colonies in many parts of the Americas. Spain had many causes for colonization, or setting up colonies. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Spanish colonists have for coming to New Spain?

Sometimes, historians summarize the Spanish exploration and settlement of the Americas as motivated by:

The Spanish conquistadors expeditions for treasure to the north of the conquered lands had very little success mainly due to…

What was significant about the House of Burgesses?

why was land near water so important for French settlers?

Although Jamestown was swampy, unhealthy, and mosquito infested, the colonists settled there and eventually learned how to survive and thrive on the swampy land. Historians believe one main reason they located their settlement in such a swampy location was ---

Why were the Dutch and the French such fierce enemies in North America?

Why did the Pilgrims want to establish their own colony?

What relationship did Roger Williams want to see between government and religion?

Which of these is NOT one of the values Puritans associated with town meetings?

How did Native Americans help the Pilgrims?

T/F - Native Americans were replaced as slaves by Africans largely due to the belief that Africans were better able to work in the climate.

T/F - The French created an economic advantage in North America by controlling the internal waterways of the Missouri River.

T/F - The social classes in New Spain were based on ancestry.

T/F - One significant cause of King Phillip’s War was the English towns that were building on Wampanoag lands.

T/F - When seeking religious freedom, the Pilgrims or Separatists crossed the Pacific Ocean.

a Spanish explorer who claimed lands in America for Spain

an English settler who sought religious freedom in the Americas in the 1600s

the mistreatment or punishment of a group of people because of their beliefs

a person from Spain who held a position of power in a Spanish colony

an act or decision that sets an example for others to follow

How did Lord Baltimore found the Maryland colony?

Why did Quakers want to establish their own colony?

Why were there private schools in the New England colonies?

Which one was NOT an English Southern colony?

A common feature of the economy of the Southern Colonies was their reliance on:

Which of these cash crops was least likely to be grown and exported on a large scale during the 1600s and 1700s in the South?

What percent of slaves in the English colonies lived in the Middle and New England colonies of the North?

Who was the founder of Pennsylvania?

How did the New York colony begin?

An indentured servant would get passage to America plus food, clothing, and shelter as well as a chance to own land, if he/she did what?

what do Lord Baltimore’s actions suggest his reason for attracting more settlers to his colony?

How did Benjamin Franklin attempt to improve the world around him?

T/F - One significant reason the Middle Colonies were more favorable to farmers than New England was the longer growing season.

T/F - Many of New Jersey’s colonists felt resentful that direct rule took away their religious freedom.

T/F - Fewer slaves were present in the backcountry than in the Tidewater because backwater colonists did not have as great a need for enslaved workers.

T/F - Slave codes were laws that were based on the concept that slave owners were brutal.

T/F - Parishes helped spread democratic feelings in the colonies as they trained people in self-rule.

a colony under direct control of the English crown

an English colony in which the king gave land to proprietors in exchange for a yearly payment

At the beginning of the French and Indian War, Washington and his men were originally sent to the Ohio River Valley to…

Benjamin Franklin planned a solution for creating a centralized government. Why did the colonial assemblies refuse to approve his Albany Plan of Union?

In addition to the British being easy targets in their red uniforms, what other factor worked against them during the early years of the French and Indian War?

The location of France’s capital city of Quebec offered a false sense of protection to the French. How were the British able to capture Quebec?

Which section of North America became a place of conflict between France and Britain in the mid-1700s?

George Washington started his military career during the French and Indian War. For which side did he fight?

Which British leader caused a positive turning point in Britain’s favor during the French and Indian War?

Which statement below best summarizes George Washington’s experience during the French and Indian War?

What would be the best way to describe how the French and Indian War went for the British?

The British:

The Proclamation of 1763 upset American colonists because it prevented them from settling in lands won in which region?

Who is known today as the “Father of the Constitution” because of his importance to the convention?

What was the first set of national laws, our first national constitution, called?

Who joined Shays’ Rebellion over economic conditions in the 1780s?

What were each of the former thirteen British colonies called after July 4, 1776?

What sort of freedoms did many states agree to protect?

Who had the power to resolve the dispute between New Hampshire and New York regarding Vermont?

Before Maryland would agree to approve the Articles of Confederation, it insisted that

What was the requirement for a territory to be able to apply for admission to the nation as a new state?

What was the essential difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

Who is accredited with working out a plan that came to be known as The Great Compromise?

a branch of government that passes laws

a branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly

a branch of government that carries out laws

a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect

a document that sets out the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government

an agreement at the Constitutional Convention that three fifths of the enslaved residents in any state be counted in its population

to give up

a period when business activity slows, prices and wages fall, and unemployment rises

a law that set up a system for settling the Northwest Territory

a 1787 law that set up a government for the Northwest Territory

As the American Revolution began, what position did colonists NOT take?

Parliament reacted to the destruction of tea during the Boston Tea Party in 1773 by passing what legislation?

Which of the following is NOT a central idea of Common Sense?

After much debate, Congress appointed a committee to draft a formal declaration of independence. Which of the following men was NOT included on the committee?

The Declaration of Independence consists of the following parts and are in this order:

The Declaration of Independence listed the “wrongs” that led the Americans to break away from Britain. Some of them included: disbanding colonial legislatures, complained about limits on trade and taxes imposed without consent of people, sending troops to colonies in peacetime. What is another term used to identify the “wrongs” listed in the Declaration of Independence?

· planted harvest & crops

· wove cloth

· made cannons and guns

· joined frontline

· cared for wounded soldiers

The above list identifies a few ways ___________ assisted in the war effort.

During the War for Independence, which army was very familiar with the geography and was able to use this knowledge to their advantage?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the British in the Battle of Long Island?

· provide military aid

· supply weapons & needed supplies

· train troops

· financial support (loans)

The above list identifies a few ways ______________ assisted in the war effort.

What is the main reason that conditions at Valley Forge were so bad?

T/F - General George Washington allowed African Americans to join the Continental Army because the British had offered freedom to those who joined their forces.

T/F - More settlers in the North supported the Loyalists’ cause as American and Patriot attacks became increasingly cruel.

T/F - Cornwallis tried to cut off American supply routes at the Battle of Yorktown, but instead his own were cut off, forcing his surrender.

T/F - The Prussians were highly trained German mercenaries.