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Fall Final Exam Review

Total questions: 225

Worksheet time: 4hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
2.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
3.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
4.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
5.
Viruses are cells. 
a)
True 
b)
False
6.
How could you describe the size of a virus?
a)
Smaller than bacteria
b)
Larger than a parasite
c)
About the size of a dime
d)
Smaller than a proton
7.
The smallest and simpliest forms of life are called
a)
bacteria
b)
virus
c)
fungi
d)
protozoa
8.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
9.

The protein coat of a virus is known as the __________.

a)

capsid

b)

genome

c)

cell membrane

d)

envelope

10.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
11.
A group of similar cells that come together to perform a specific function is a/an
a)
organ
b)
organism
c)
organ system
d)
tissue
12.
When a group of organs work together to perform a particular function they create a/an
a)
organ system
b)
organism
c)
tissue
d)
organ
13.
The cell is the building block of all living things.
a)
True
b)
False
14.
Which is an example of an organism?
a)
a beetle
b)
a lake
c)
a rock
d)
a shell
15.
Which of the following is the correct order of organization in living things from most basic (simple) to most complex?
a)
a.  Organism, cell, tissue, organ, organ system
b)
a.  Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organism
c)
a.  Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
d)
a.  Cell, organ, tissue, organ, organism, organ system
16.
A plant growing towards the light is an example of 
a)
reproduction.
b)
responding to a stimuli.
c)
metabolism.
d)
homeostasis.
17.
A maggot changing into a fly is an example of 
a)
reproduction.
b)
growth and development.
c)
homeostasis.
d)
evolution.
18.
The maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:
a)
compensating
b)
homeostasis
c)
balancing
d)
routine
19.
What is an adaptation?
a)
A feature or behavior that helps an animal survive.
b)
The food that an animal eats.
c)
How energy moves in a food web.
d)
How animals evolve throughout time.
20.
Rocks are not living because
a)
they never move
b)
they aren't needed for humans
c)
they are not made of cells
d)
they don't break down
21.
All members of which biological group require a host cell to reproduce? 
a)
Protista 
b)
Bacterium 
c)
Fung
d)
Virus
22.

In order for something to be considered living it must obtain ALL characteristics of life.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

23.

Which one is NOT true for a virus

a)

Has a protein coat called a capsid

b)

Has both DNA and RNA

c)

Is specific to a certain type or group of organisms

d)

Needs a host in order to reproduce

24.

Which of the following is true?

a)

Viruses are smaller than cells but are more complex and have more organelles

b)

Viruses are larger than cells and are more complex and have more organelles

c)

Viruses are larger than cells but are less complex

d)

Viruses are smaller than cells and are less complex

25.

If Alana has the flu and is showing symptoms, the virus is in the _______________ cycle.

a)

lytic

b)

lysogenic

c)

replicating

d)

dormant

26.

Which of the following is living?

a)

flowers that have turned brown

b)

corona virus

c)

waterfall

d)

E. coli bacteria

27.

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?

a)

Virus

b)

Plant

c)

Bacteria

d)

Fungi

28.
A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS
a)
destroys cancerous cells
b)
damages the immune system
c)
increases the rate of antibody production
d)
increases the rate of microbe destruction
29.

T/F All bacteria are bad

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Besides DNA or RNA, what else is a virus made of?

a)

a cell wall

b)

a cell membrane

c)

a protein coat

d)

a carbohydrate coat

31.
Scientists classify viruses as nonliving.
a)
True
b)
False
32.

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

a)

both contain genetic material

b)

can be killed using antibiotics

c)

have a cell membrane

d)

have a protein coat

33.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (bursting)?

a)

Lysogenic Cycle

b)

Lytic Cycle

c)

Binary Fission

d)

Conjugation

34.
What helps prevent viral diseases?
a)
Vaccines
b)
Antibiotics
c)
Herbal tea
d)
Gene Therapy
35.

A viral infection that weakens a person's immune system for the rest of their life is..

a)

strep throat

b)

HIV/AIDS

c)

tuberculosis

d)

the plague

36.

Viruses in the lysogenic cycle can be DORMANT. This means they....

a)

are resting and waiting to attack

b)

speed up reactions

c)

are infecting quickly

d)

catalyzing proteins

37.

T/F The influenza virus (flu) is an example of a virus that goes through the lytic cycle.

a)

True

b)

False

38.
Which level of organization is the most complex?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
39.
Multiple organisms of the same species describes a
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
40.
A forest full of many kinds of trees and grasses is an example of a
a)
group
b)
organism
c)
population
d)
community
41.
Which level of organization is more complex than a population and less complex than an ecosystem?
a)
organism
b)
population
c)
community
d)
ecosystem
42.
Which is an example of a population?
a)
different kinds of bacteria
b)
A group of fish and sharks
c)
deer, bear, and rabbits
d)
A herd of cattle
43.
A group of similar types of cells that work together to do a specific job is called a/an _____.
a)
tissue
b)
organ
c)
stem cell
d)
organ system
44.
Which is true of unicellular organisms?
a)
they lack cells
b)
they all are eukaryotic
c)
they lack cell differentiation
45.
A group of different organs working together to do a series of jobs is called a/an _____.
a)
tissue
b)
organ
c)
stem cell
d)
organ system
46.
What is the correct order of organization
a)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
b)
cell-tissue-organs-organ systems-organism
c)
organism-cells-tissues-organ systems-organism
d)
tissues-cells-organs-organ sytems-organism
47.
When many organ systems work together it can form...
a)
organ
b)
cells
c)
organ system
d)
organism 
48.

What is the function of the organelle depicted in the photo?

a)

To dispose of waste in the cell.

b)

To capture sunlight and convert it into glucose for the cell.

c)

To release energy into the cell.

d)

To control what leaves and enters the cell.

49.

True or False:

Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

Which photo shows the mitochondrion of the cell?

a)
b)
c)
d)
51.

The purple organelle in photo depicts which organelle?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

c)

Lysosome

d)

Ribosome

52.

Identify the structure that is indicated by the arrow in the image.

a)

cell wall

b)

central vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

cell membrane

53.

Which organelle makes proteins?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Ribosome

d)

Lysosome

54.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
55.
I am the outer most layer of an animal cell. What am I?
a)
cell wall
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane 
d)
cell skin
56.
The two kinds of cells are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. How are they different?
a)
Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
b)
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
c)
Prokaryotes are plant cells.
d)
There is no difference.
57.
This organelle helps in cell division.
a)
CENTRIOLE
b)
CYTOPLASM
c)
VACUOLE
d)
CELL MEMBRANE
58.
This organelle is a jellylike substance in the cell. It helps things stay in place.
a)
CENTRIOLE
b)
CYTOPLASM
c)
VACUOLE
d)
CELL MEMBRANE
59.
This organelle allows things in and out of the cell.
a)
CENTRIOLE
b)
CYTOPLASM
c)
VACUOLE
d)
CELL MEMBRANE
60.
This organelle controls protein production in the cell.
a)
RIBOSOMES
b)
MITOCHONDRION
c)
CHLOROPLASTS
d)
CELL WALL
61.
This organelle is called the powerhouse of the cell because it provides energy for the cell.
a)
RIBOSOMES
b)
MITOCHONDRION
c)
CHLOROPLASTS
d)
CELL WALL
62.
This organelle contains chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.
a)
RIBOSOMES
b)
MITOCHONDRION
c)
CHLOROPLASTS
d)
CELL WALL
63.
This organelle protects the plant cell and gives its square-like structure.
a)
RIBOSOMES
b)
MITOCHONDRION
c)
CHLOROPLASTS
d)
CELL WALL
64.

The movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration is known as--

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Active Transport

65.

What is it called when large molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a protein channel?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

66.

How does a cell maintain homeostasis?

a)

By controlling what enters and leaves the cell

b)

Flexibility

c)

Protective barrier

d)

Structure and support

67.

Cell membrane transport that occurs without energy is called--

a)

active transport

b)

endocytosis

c)

passive transport

d)

exocytosis

68.

What is the name of the process in which small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the cell membrane

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

69.

What is homeostasis?

a)

How the body releases oxygen

b)

Passive transportation

c)

Balance in the body

d)

Active transport

70.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a)
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
b)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
c)
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
d)
Active uses hormones and passive does not 
71.

The movement of molecules from low to high is known as

a)

simple diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

osmosis

72.
ALL living cells have this in common
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Cell Wall
d)
Mitochondria
73.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
74.
Which is true about active transport?
a)
It requires energy
b)
It does not require energy
c)
It moves substances down the concentration gradient
d)
it moves material from high to low concentration
75.
The concentration of water is higher in the soil than in plant root cells. Water moves into root cells of a plant by...
a)
Facilitated Diffusion
b)
Simple Diffusion
c)
Active Transport
d)
Osmosis
76.
What type of transport is illustrated?
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
77.
The picture is an example of...
a)
active tranport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
78.
The cell membrane is made mostly of
a)
phospholipid monolayer and proteins
b)
phospholipid bilayer and proteins
c)
proteins and carbohydrates bilayer
d)
triglycerides and carbohydrates
79.
Which group of organic compounds contains fatty acids?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Proteins
80.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Proteins
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Lipids
81.
The molecule in the diagram plays what role in the body?
a)
Releasing Energy
b)
Forming part of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA
c)
Storing Fat
d)
Controlling blood glucose levels
82.
The monomers used to synthesize proteins are called ____________.
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Fatty Acids
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Sugars
83.
The four most common elements found in biomolecules are:
a)
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Bromine
b)
Sulfur, Nitrogen, Iron, Carbon
c)
Sulfur, Phosphorus, Carbon, Oxygen 
d)
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen
84.
All polymers are made up of...
a)
monosaccharides
b)
monomers
c)
proteins
d)
None of these
85.
Which biomolecule is responsible for insulation and energy storage?
a)
Protein
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
86.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
Stores energy
b)
Stores genetic information
c)
Movement
d)
Physical structure
87.
What biomolecule do enzymes belong to? 
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Nucleic Acid
d)
Protein
88.
Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
89.
Lipids are made up of which of the following?
a)
glycerol and fatty acids tails
b)
glycerol and monolipids
c)
fatty acids and phosolipids
d)
amino acids and nucleotides
90.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
a)
Glycerol
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Nucleotides
91.
Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acid
92.
What type of organism can do photosynthesis?
a)
plants
b)
fish
c)
mammals
d)
humans
93.
What is made during photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and sugar
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
94.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
95.
How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced (made) by one is needed for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same inputs
d)
They both have the same outputs
96.
This is referred to as the energy currency of the cell
a)
ADP
b)
ATP
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Nucleus
97.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
98.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
99.

This is the equation for what process:

C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + ATP

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Digestion

c)

Cellular Respiration

d)

Excretion

100.

This is the equation for what process:

(sunlight)

H2O + CO2 --------> C6H12O6 + O2

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Digestion

c)

Cellular Respiration

d)

Excretion

101.

The organelle where cellular respiration occurs

a)

cell wall

b)

cytoplasm

c)

chlorplast

d)

mitochondria

102.

The term aerobic means

a)

wine-making

b)

with carbon dioxide

c)

without carbon dioxide

d)

with oxygen

e)

without oxygen

103.

Respiration ____ and cellular respiration ____.

a)

produces ATP, is gas exchange

b)

is gas exchange, produces ATP

c)

produces glucose, produces glucose

d)

uses glucose, produces glucose

104.

Humans use calories they obtain from ____ as their energy source.

a)

food

b)

water

c)

sunlight

d)

minerals

105.

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is at least partly due to

a)

an excess of ATP that builds up during exercise

b)

the presence of lactic acid from fermentation by muscle cells

c)

the large amount of carbon dioxide that builds up in muscle

d)

the accumulation of alcohol from anaerobic respiration

106.
What does metabolism mean?
a)
Converting energy into food
b)
Making light reactions happen
c)
Converting food into energy
107.

What's the chemical formula for glucose?

a)

6C6HO6

b)

C12H6O12

c)

C6H12O6

d)

CHO

108.
Which type of respiration is most efficient?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
109.
What happens to your breathing rate when you exercise?
a)
It increases
b)
It decreases
c)
It stays the same
110.

Identical copies are most related to...

a)

Mitosis and Sexual Reproduction

b)

Meiosis and Asexual Reproduction

c)

Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction

d)

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

111.

The three stages of the cell cycle are __________, mitosis, and

cytokinesis.

a)

interphase

b)

anaphase

c)

metaphase

d)

prophase

112.

Select ALL stages of Interphase

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

113.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell MAINLY grow in size?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

114.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
115.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
116.

In the S (Synthesis) stage of interphase_______________

a)

the cell grows

b)

the nucleus divides

c)

the cell membrane divides

d)

the DNA is replicated

117.
The following describes ________  during mitosis. The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere.
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
118.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
119.
Which phase comes NEXT?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
120.

Mitosis makes sure that all daughter cells are _____.

a)

genetically identical, diploid

b)

genetically identical, haploid

c)

genetically diverse, diploid

d)

genetically diverse, haploid

121.

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes;

one from mom and one from dad

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

c)

tetrad

d)

polyploidy

122.
The diagram shows the process of cell specialization from a single stem cell. Which of the following statements is true about the process of specialization.
a)
Specilized cells (blood, skin, nervous etc) cannot be produced from a single stem cell
b)
Specilized cells are produced immediately following fertilization
c)
Even though all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they can specialize into different cell types
d)
Sincce all the cells in an organism come from one single cell, they must all have the same structure and function
123.
In what way is the DNA of a nerve cell different from the DNA of a muscle cell?
a)
The DNA is the same but each cell contains different genes
b)
The DNA is the same but different genes are turned on and turned off in each cell
c)
The DNA is different, but the same genes are turned on and off in each cell
d)
The DNA is different, but each cell contains the same genes
124.
Name the phase:
a)
Anaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Prophase
125.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
126.

What is this phase of mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Metaphase

127.

What is this phase of Mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

128.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
129.
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from...
a)
the attraction of phosphate groups 
b)
strong bonds between  bases and sugars
c)
carbon to carbon bonds in the sugar
d)
weak hydrogen bonds between the bases
130.

Which statement below desribes the events during G2 of Interphase?

a)

The cell grows, develops, and makes new proteins

b)

The DNA replicates to form a new set of identical chromosomes

c)

The cell grows, makes new organelles, and prepares for mitosis

d)

the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope disintegrates

131.

_____ is the uncontrolled growth of cells, often resulting in a tumor or mass of abnormal cells

a)

Cancer

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Radiation

132.

Apoptosis is

a)

programmed cell death

b)

mysterious cell death

c)

programmed cellular mutation

d)

mysterious cellular mutation

133.

Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting

a)

The cell cycle

b)

Red blood cell formation

c)

DNA translation

d)

ATP synthesis

134.
How do stem cells know what type of cells to differentiate into?
a)

The mitochondria has instructions to turn some genes on and some genes off.

b)
Signals from chemicals in the organism or from the environment determine which genes will be turned on and off.
c)
Genes turn on and off randomly.
d)

Every cell has unique DNA that determines what the cell will become.

135.
At the end of the G1 phase, there's a checkpoint. What is this checkpoint probably checking for?
a)
To see if the cell has grown enough
b)
To see if the DNA was correctly replicated
c)

To make sure the cell does not have diabetes

d)
To make sure that the enzymes aren't amalyzed
136.
What process best explains how muscle cells and nerve cells can develop from the same fertilized egg?
a)
genetic engineering
b)
survival of the fittest
c)
differentiation
d)
selective breeding
137.

Cell splits into two.

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Interphase

d)

Prophase

138.

What does Adenine (A) base join with?

a)

Guanine (G)

b)

Cytosine (C)

c)

Thymine (T)

d)

Adenine (A)

139.

What does the G base pair with?

a)

Thymine (T)

b)

Adenine (A)

c)

Cytosine (C)

d)

Guanine (G)

140.
What is the shape of DNA?
a)
Double Circular
b)
Ladder
c)
Helix
d)
Double Helix
141.
A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a what?
a)
Chromosome
b)
Jean
c)
Gene
d)
Base
142.

How is the genetic information in all living things different.

a)

Not all living things have a sugar-phosphate backbone.

b)

The sequence (order) of the nitrogen bases are different.

c)

Not all living things have ATCG as nitrogen bases.

d)

Bacteria have carbon bonds instead of hydrogen bonds to hold the base pairs together.

143.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
144.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
145.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
146.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
147.

Name this structure

a)

double helix

b)

nucelotide

c)

twisted ladder

d)

hydrogen bond

148.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
149.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
150.
ATTTGAGCC- Original
ATTGAGCC - Mutated
The example above is an example of a 
a)
Insertion- Frameshift
b)
Deletion- Substitution
c)
Deletion -Frameshift
d)
All of the above
151.
Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?
a)
Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring
b)
Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.
c)
No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring
d)
Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.
152.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
153.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
154.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
155.
These molecules are made up of amino acids.
a)
proteins
b)
bases
c)
ribosomes
d)
nucleii
156.

one nucleotide is preplacced with a different nucleotide

a)

addition

b)

substitution(point)

c)

deletion

d)

inversion

157.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
158.

Genetic mutations can be...

a)

beneficial, harmful, or neutral

b)

beneficial only

c)

harmful only

d)

neutral only

159.

For proteins to be made, DNA must be copied into________.

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Chromatin

c)

RNA

d)

cytoplasm

160.

Once the DNA is copied into RNA, it goes to what organelle to begin protein synthesis?

a)

nucleus

b)

rIbosome

c)

cytoplasm

d)

centriole

161.

Amino acids form a chain to make ______________.

a)

ladders

b)

nucleotides

c)

protiens

d)

steak

162.

A substance that causes a genetic mutation is called a _________.

a)

acid

b)

chemical

c)

poison

d)

mutagen

163.

What is the name of the process for changing DNA into RNA?

a)

RNA processing

b)

transcription

c)

translation

164.

What is the name of the process of changing RNA into protein?

a)

RNA processing

b)

transcription

c)

translation

165.

Where are codons found?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

DNA

d)

rRNA

166.

What is the purpose of a codon?

a)

It is a code for an amino acid.

b)

It is a code for a nucleic acid.

c)

It is a code for a protein.

d)

It is a code for a lipid.

167.

Where is an anticodon found?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

DNA

d)

rRNA

168.

What is the purpose of an anticodon?

a)

It tells tRNA which amino acid to bring to the ribosome.

b)

It tells tRNA which protein to bring to the ribosome.

c)

It tells tRNA which nucleic acid to bring to the ribosome.

169.

How does the ribosome know when to stop building the protein chain?

a)

mRNA has a STOP codon that gets read by the ribosome.

b)

tRNA has a STOP codon that gets read by the ribosome.

c)

The ribosome stops reading mRNA on its own, with no signal.

d)

The mRNA strand moves all the way through the ribosome, and once there is no mRNA left, the ribosome stops.

170.

Which type of mutation involves a large amount of DNA?

a)

chromosome mutation

b)

gene mutation

171.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

172.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Adenine -

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Cytosine

173.

Match he nucleotide with its complementary nucleotide. (DNA to DNA).


Cytosine-

a)

Thymine

b)

Guanine

c)

Adenine

174.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

175.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

176.

The directionality of DNA is said to be ___________, because it is side by side by goes in opposite directions.

a)

Anti-directional

b)

Parallel

c)

Anti-parallel

d)

Anti-uniform

177.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
CAT TCA CTG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
178.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
179.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
180.

DNA replication results in

a)

2 completely new DNA molecules

b)

2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original

c)

1 new DNA molecule and 1 old

d)

1 new molecule of DNA

181.

The new DNA strand formed after DNA replication is an exact copy of its parent strand

a)

True

b)

False

182.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
183.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
184.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
185.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
186.
Which statement is describing the process of protein synthesis?
a)
DNA is copied into mRNA which is translated into protein
b)
DNA is copied into DNA
c)
DNA is copied into lysosome
187.
DNA sequence ACCTG produces which mRNA strand? 
a)
UGGAC
b)
TGGAC
c)
GTCCA
188.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
189.

Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT

a)

GAC TTA

b)

CTG AAT

c)

GAC UUA

d)

CUG AAU

190.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "AUG?"

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Leucine

d)

Methionine

191.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "CCU?"

a)

Isoleucine

b)

Stop

c)

Methionine

d)

Proline

192.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
193.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG GCA AAC CGU

a)

Met-Ala-Asn-Ala

b)

Met-Ala (because the third codon codes for STOP)

c)

Ileu-Ala-Asn-Ala

d)

Met-Ala-Asn-Arg

e)

Ileu-Ala-Asn-Ala

194.
An Organism's physical appearance is its
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Chromosome
d)
Allele
195.
The particular mix of alleles (letter combination) is an organism's 
a)
Phenotype
b)
Chromosome
c)
Punnett Square
d)
Genotype
196.

You have two alleles for each gene. Where did your alleles come from?

a)

From the grandparent you most resemble

b)

One from mom and one from dad

c)

Your siblings

d)

You make them by yourself

197.
Meiosis is 
a)
The particular alleles or letter combination
b)
a form of cell division that results in 4 different daughter cells
c)
a form of cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells
d)
just like mitosis
198.
Select the answer that shows only Genotypes
a)
Gg, Green
b)
DD, Ff
c)
Tall, Blue
d)
Ss, Square
199.
Select the answer that shows only Phenotypes.
a)
Gg, Green
b)
DD, Ff
c)
Tall, Blue
d)
Ss, Square
200.

Different versions of the same trait are called...

a)

Alleles

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Genes

d)

DNA

201.

What is this genotype combination called: AA

a)

Homozygous Recessive

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Homozygous Dominant

d)

Heterozygous Dominant

202.

What is this genotype combination called: Aa

a)

Homozygous Dominant

b)

Heterozygous

c)

Homozygous Recessive

d)

Heterozygous Dominant

203.
A trait that overpowers the other trait.
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
c)
Dominant
d)
Recessive
204.

A trait that is hidden or masked by the dominant trait.

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Dominant

d)

Recessive

205.

A quality or characteristic that is passed down.

a)

Gene

b)

Trait

c)

DNA

d)

Chromosome

206.
Crossing over occurs in which phase ?
a)
metaphase I
b)
anaphaseII
c)
telophaseII
d)
prohase I
207.

Which of these causes THE MOST genetic variation in meiosis?

a)

chromosomes lining up

b)

crossing over of chromosomes

c)

separation of chromosomes

d)

chromosomes pulling apart

208.

What happens in Interphase that MUST happen before Mitosis or Meiosis can take place.

a)

DNA is copied

b)

DNA is halved

c)

1 cell is split into 2

d)

Crossing over

209.

What is this allele combination called: aa

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous Dominant

c)

Homozygous recessive

d)

Heterozygous recessive

210.

What is the term that means "matching chromosomes from mom and dad?

a)

Sister Chromatids

b)

Homologous Pairs

c)

Non-Sister Chromosomes

d)

Homozygous Chromosomes

211.

What happens in Metaphase 1 of Meiosis?

a)

Homologous pairs are separated form each other.

b)

Homologous pairs swap genes.

c)

Homologous pairs coil up into one chromosome.

d)

Homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell 2 by 2.

212.

What happens in Anaphase 1 of Meiosis?

a)

Homologous pairs are separated form each other.

b)

Homologous pairs swap genes.

c)

Homologous pairs coil up into one chromosome.

d)

Homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell 2 by 2.

213.

What happens in Prophase 1 of Meiosis?

a)

Homologous pairs are separated form each other.

b)

Homologous pairs swap genes.

c)

Homologous pairs coil up into one chromosome.

d)

Homologous pairs line up in the middle of the cell 2 by 2.

214.

What happens in Prophase 2 of Meiosis?

a)

Not a lot, chromosome recoil if needed.

b)

Homologous pairs swap genes.

c)

Chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell.

d)

Chromosomes pull apart from each other.

215.

What happens in Anaphase 2 of Meiosis?

a)

Not a lot, chromosome recoil if needed.

b)

Homologous pairs swap genes.

c)

Chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell.

d)

Chromosomes pull apart from each other.

216.

What happens in Metaphase 2 of Meiosis?

a)

Not a lot, chromosome recoil if needed.

b)

Homologous pairs line up in the middle together.

c)

Chromosomes line up single file in the middle of the cell.

d)

Chromosomes pull apart from each other.

217.

a photograph or picture of chromosomes grouped in ordered pairs is a ______________

a)

pedigree

b)

Punnett Square

c)

Venn Diagram

d)

Karyotype

218.
Which sex chromosomes would indicate a typical human male?
a)
XX
b)
X
c)
XY
d)
XXY
219.

A normal human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.

a)

46

b)

23

c)

92

d)

64

220.
What is the gender of the individual whose karyotype is seen in the image?
a)
Male
b)
Female
221.
Is this Karyotype human?
a)
Yes
b)
No
c)
Impossible to Determine
222.
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
a)
sister chromotids
b)
centromeres
c)
homologous chromosomes
d)
autosomes
223.
How many generations are shown in this pedigree?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
224.
What does a filled in square represent?
a)
Not affected Female
b)
Not affected Male
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
225.
How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
5
d)
6