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CV2-B

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Elastin content is highest within the ________, as would be expected because of its compliant nature

a)

descending aorta

b)

abdominal aorta

c)

aortic arch

d)

ascending aorta

2.

The part of the aorta which gives rise to multiple bronchial and esophageal branches, as well as to the segmental intercostal arteries, which provide circulation to the spinal cord

a)

ascending thoracic aorta

b)

abdominal aorta

c)

aortic arch

d)

descending thoracic aorta

3.

The _____ begins at the aortic valve and ends at the origin of the innominate artery. The first portion of the ascending aorta is the aortic root, which includes the aortic valve annulus and the three sinuses of valsalva

a)

ascending aorta

b)

abdominal aorta

c)

aortic arch

d)

descending aorta

4.

For lower extremity vascular examination, the femoral pulse is usually palpable midway between the _____ and the pubic tubercle.

a)

Anterior superior iliac spine

b)

iliac crest

c)

sacroiliac joint

d)

Pelvic brim

5.

The brachial artery is most easily located at ______ immediately medial to the biceps tendon.

a)

below the cephalic vein

b)

median vein of the forearm

c)

below the pronator teres

d)

at the antecubital fossa

6.

This is detected 1cm lateral to the hallucis longus extensor tendon, which dorsiflexes the great toe and is clearly visible on the dorsum of the foot

a)

popliteal artery

b)

posterior tibilias

c)

tibial tuberosity

d)

dorsalis pedis

7.

The _____ pulse is detected by palpation 2 cm posterior to the medial malleolus

a)

posterior tibial

b)

dorsalis pedis

c)

anterior tibial

d)

circumflex fibular

8.

True about the anatomy of the aorta

a)

The proximal aortic segment includes the ascending aorta and the transverse aortic arch

b)

The descending aorta begins at the aortic valve and ends at the origin of the innominate artery

c)

The ascending thoracic aorta is the area from which the brachiocephalic branches arise d. All of the above

9.

The volume of blood that flows through this part of the aorta at high pressure is far greater than that found in other vascular structure

a)

aortic arch

b)

abdominal aorta

c)

thoracic aorta

d)

proximal aortic segment

10.

True about the aorta and its branches

a)

The main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left atrium of the heart to the tissues of the body

b)

The arch of the aorta is a continuation of the ascending aorta

c)

The descending thoracic aorta lies in the anterior mediastinum and begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta

d)

The arch of the aorta passes downward to the right of the trachea and at the level of the sternal angle and becomes continuous with the descending aorta

11.

The following are principal components of the arteries except:

a)

elastic and collagen fibers

b)

smooth muscle

c)

mucopolysaccharide-rich ground substance

d)

interleukin-3

12.

The last small branches of the arterial system; they act as control conduits through which blood is released into the circulation

a)

Arterioles

b)

Arteries

c)

Veins

d)

Capillaries

13.

Its function is to exchange fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid

a)

Arterioles

b)

Arteries

c)

Veins

d)

Capillaries

14.

Function as conduits for transport of blood back to the heart and serve as a major reservoir of extra blood

a)

Arterioles

b)

Arteries

c)

Veins

d)

Capillaries

15.

As the blood flows through the systemic circulation, its mean pressure falls progressively to about _____ mmHg by the time it reaches the termination of the superior and inferior venae cava where they empty into the right atrium of the heart.

a)

0 mmHg

b)

35 mmHg

c)

17 mmHg

d)

16 mmHg

16.

Mean pulmonary arterial pressure is _____

a)

35 mmHg

b)

16 mmHg

c)

17 mmHg

d)

10 mmHg

17.

The overall blood flow in the total circulation of an adult person at rest is about _____

a)

3500 mL/min

b)

5000 mL/min

c)

4500 mL/min

d)

4000 mL/min

18.

Reynolds’ number for flow in the vascular system normally rises to _____ even in large arteries

a)

50-100

b)

100-150

c)

200-400

d)

100-200

19.

Measure of blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference

a)

Resistance

b)

Conductance

c)

Turbulence

d)

Blood pressure

20.

The ability of each tissue to adjust its vascular resistance and to maintain normal blood flow during changes in arterial pressure between approximately ______ mmHg is called blood flow autoregulation.

a)

50 and 125

b)

70 and 175

c)

60 and 150

d)

50 and 100

21.

The diameter of a precapillary arteriole is decreased in muscle vascular bed. Which of the following changes in the microcirculation would be expected?

a)

Decreased capillary filtration rate

b)

Increased interstitial volume

c)

Increased lymph flow

d)

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

22.

An increase in which of the following would be expected to decrease blood flow in a vessel?

a)

Radius of the vessel

b)

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

c)

Viscosity of the blood

23.

An increase in which of the following tends to decrease capillary filtration rate?

a)

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

b)

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

c)

Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure

d)

Venous hydrostatic pressure

24.

A twofold increase in which of the following increase in the transport of oxygen across the capillary wall?

a)

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

b)

Intercellular clefts in the capillary wall

c)

Oxygen concentration gradient

d)

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

25.

The distribution of blood among the various organs of the body is regulated by regulating the resistance of the ___.

a)

arteries

b)

arterioles

c)

precapillary sphincters

d)

veins

26.

Which of the following characteristic allows vessels to accommodate pulsatile output of the heart?

a)

compressibility

b)

sympathetic reactivity

c)

distensibility

d)

none of the above

27.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding sympathetic effects on the arterial and venous system?

a)

Sympathetic stimulation decreases pressure ate each volume of arteries

b)

Sympathetic stimulation and inhibition allows the transfer of blood from one segment to another

c)

Increase in vascular tone causes large volumes of blood to shift to the heart

d)

Increase in vascular tone can cause an increase in heart pumping

28.

Which of the following is TRUE about Delayed Compliance of vessels?

a)

The mechanism by which the circulation can accommodate extra blood pumped into the system and allows pressure to return back to normal

b)

Progressive delayed stretching of smooth muscle decreases tension in the vessel after a large increase in pressure

c)

Reverse delayed compliance allows automatic adjustment to diminished blood volume

d)

All of the above

29.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding arterial pulsations?

a)

Without it, flow through peripheral vessels occur only during systole and no flow occur during diastole

b)

Systolic pressure is the peak of the pressure pulsations and the lowest point is the pulse pressure

c)

Greater stroke volume output, will result to a lower pulse pressure

d)

Higher pulse pressure in the elderly is due to low compliance

30.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the transmission of pressure pulses to the peripheral arteries?

a)

Inertia of the blood prevents sudden blood movement all the way to the periphery

b)

Blood moves forward when the rising pressure in the aorta overcomes the inertia of blood

c)

The greater compliance of blood vessel the slower the velocity

d)

Small distal arteries are highly compliant with faster transmission of pressure

31.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the right atria and its pressure?

a)

Pressure in RA is also called jugular venous pressure

b)

Normal right atrial pressure is 5mmHg

c)

RA pressure decreases with serious heart failure

d)

Lower limit of RA pressure approximates the pressure in the chest cavity of-3 to -5mmHg

32.

Which of the following is NOT an area with impediment to flow causing resistance in flow in large veins?

a)

In the arm at the level of the first rib

b)

Intraabdominal cavity

c)

skull

d)

all of the above

33.

Characteristic of the vascular system to decrease resistance by dilatation and to accommodate pulsatile output of the heart.

a)

Resistance

b)

Conductance

c)

Distensibility

d)

Pulsatility

34.

A person with ascites due to a tumor was noted to have an intrabdominal pressure of 30 mmHg. What should be the additional increase in pressure, on top of the normal intrabdominal pressure to allow blood to flow from the legs to the heart?

a)

>24 mmHg

b)

>30 mmHg

c)

>36 mmHg

d)

>60 mmHg

35.

Which is true about the effect of gravitational force to venous pressure?

a)

Pressure of the vein in feet in a person standing still is -90 mmHg

b)

Pressure of the right atrium in person standing still is 10 mmHg

c)

The pressure of the vein in the feet is due to the gravitational weight of blood in the veins between the heart and the feet

d)

Gravitational pressure down the length of the arm then is determined by the distance below the level of the compression of the 1st rib of Superior Vena Cava

36.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding varicose veins?

a)

Prolonged standing is avoided because it increases venous pressure in the legs

b)

Flexing of legs and walking is advised because it propels blood towards the heart through the venous pump

c)

Venous valve incompetence occurs when the veins are overstretched by excess venous pressure

d)

Prolonged standing among persons with varicose veins decreases venous and capillary pressures causing edema

37.

Which of the following is FALSE about the veins?

a)

It is the most distensibile part of the vascular system

b)

Slight decreases in venous pressure cause them to store 0.5-1.0 L extra blood

c)

Provide a reservoir function for storing large quantities of extra blood

d)

They have the capacity to dilate and constrict

38.

What is the formule for vascular distensibility?

(a)  

39.

This type of vessel do not have a continuous muscular coat but smooth muscle fibers encircles the vessel at intermittent points.

a)

Arterioles

b)

Artery

c)

Metarterioles

d)

Capillaries

40.

The wall of this type of vessel is composed of a unicellular layer of endothelial cells and is surrounded by a very thin basement membrane on the outside

a)

Venule

b)

Arteriole

c)

Metarteriole

d)

Capillary

41.

The most important means by which substances are transferred between the plasma and interstitial fluid. It results from thermal motion of the water molecules and dissolved substances in the fluid

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Filtration

d)

Bulk flow

42.

Which of the following are lipid soluble and can diffuse directly through the cell membranes of the capillary without having to go through the pores?

a)

Sodium and glucose

b)

Oxygen and CO2

c)

HCO3 and H

d)

All of the above

43.

The following substances needed by the tissues are soluble in water but cannot pass through the lipid membranes of the endothelial cells except:

a)

Na and Cl

b)

Glucose

c)

Oxygen

44.

Which of the following statements about the diffusion of water in the capillaries is FALSE?

a)

The rate of water molecules to diffuse through the capillary membrane is about 80 times as great as the rate at which plasma itself flows linearly along the capillary.

b)

The width of the capillary intercellular cleft-pores is about 20 times the diameter of the water molecule.

c)

Water is the smallest molecule that normally passes through the capillary pores.

d)

The diameters of plasma protein molecules are slightly smaller than the width of the pores.

45.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the extreme differences in the permeability of capillaries in different tissues?

a)

Membrane of the liver capillary sinusoids is very permeable

b)

Plasma proteins pass freely through the walls of the liver sinusoids as easily as water and other substances

c)

The renal glomerulus is impermeable to plasma proteins as in other tissues and organs

d)

Permeability of the renal glomerular membrane for water and electrolytes is about 500 times the permeability of the muscle capillaries

46.

The “net” rate of diffusion of a substance through any membrane is proportional to the concentration difference of the substance between the two sides of the membrane. Which of the following is FALSE?

a)

Concentration of oxygen in capillary blood is normally greater than in the interstitial fluid

b)

Large quantities of oxygen normally move from the blood toward the tissues

c)

Concentration of carbon dioxide is greater in the tissues than in the blood

d)

Excess carbon dioxide move from the blood and to be carried to the tissues

47.

The following is true regarding the tissue gel in the interstitium except:

a)

it is a combination of proteoglycan filaments and fluid entrapped within them

b)

Fluid flows easily through the tissue gel by diffusion of large numbers of molecules moving together

c)

Fluid moves molecule by molecule from one place to another by kinetic thermal motion

d)

None of the above

48.

Function of the lympathic system, which is true?

a)

Total lymph is 1L/d

b)

It carries proteins away

c)

It is the primary route for blood flow from interstitial tissue to blood

d)

It is an accessory route for digestion especially for fats

49.

Usually requires a continuous intravenous infusion and apTT monitoring to ensure that therapeutic level of anticoagulation is achieved

a)

Full dose heparin

b)

LMWH

c)

Fondaparinux

d)

All of the above

50.

FALSE about low dose heparin as treatment of DVT

a)

Administered 2-3x/day

b)

SC 5000 2-3x

c)

Monitoring is unnecessary

d)

apTT is needed

51.

Combined with heparin, LMWH or fondaparinux; requires 5 days of administration

(a)  

52.

_______ - to monitor the extent of anticoagulation and compliance of the patient to Vit K antagonist therapy

a)

CBC

b)

% ProTime

c)

INR ProTime

d)

Bleeding time

53.

This drug inhibits PDE3, promotes accumulation of intracellular cAMP in many cells, including blood platelets

a)

CLopidogrel

b)

Cilostazol

c)

Pentoxifylline

d)

Ticlopidine

54.

Cilostazol is contraindicated in ...

a)

MI

b)

Pneumonia

c)

Cerebrovascular disease

d)

Congestive HF

55.

Which of the following acts on COX-1?

a)

Tirofiban

b)

SCH530348

c)

Aspirin

d)

Ticagrelor

56.

Which of the following acts on thrombin to inhibit platelet recruitment and activation?

a)

Abciximab

b)

SCH530348

c)

Aspirin

d)

Ticagrelor

57.

Which of the following prevents platelet aggregation through its action on GP2b/2a?

a)

Tirofiban

b)

E5555

c)

Aspirin

d)

Prasugrel

58.

Which of the following acts on the ADP pathway for platelet activation?

a)

Ticlopidine

b)

SCH530348

c)

Aspirin

d)

Eptifibatide

59.

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1

a)

True

b)

False

60.

The therapeutic effect of aspirin lasts throughout the lifetime of platelets which is 120 days

a)

True

b)

False

61.

Repeated doses of aspirin produce a cumulative effect on platelet function

a)

True

b)

False

62.

Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel causes a reversible block on its site of action

a)

True

b)

False

63.

Cangrelor and ticagrelor causes an irreversible block on its site of action.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Rivaroxaban drug is given in fixed doses but requires coagulation monitoring

a)

True

b)

False

65.

Rivaroxaban drug is given in fixed doses but requires coagulation monitoring

a)

True

b)

False

66.

Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative

a)

True

b)

False

67.

Cilostazol is a rheologic modifier for its effects on increasing the deformability of RBCs

a)

True

b)

False

68.

Diosmin, hesperidin, or the two combined is used in peripheral arterial disease

a)

True

b)

False

69.

There are no drugs approved by the US food and drug administration for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Flavonoids, used in conjunction with compression therapy facilitates venous ulcer healing

a)

True

b)

False

71.

WHICH DRUG HAS THE MOA BELOW:

Binds to antithrombin via specific

pentasaccharide sequence

↓

Suicide substrate

↓

Accelerates the rate of inhibition of

coagulation factors, esp. Thrombin and Factor Xa

↓

Platelet aggregation inhibition

(a)  

72.

WHICH DRUG HAS THE MOA BELOW:

Irreversible acetylation of serine

↓

Failure of arachidonate to bind to active site

↓

Inhibition of Thromboxane A2 synthesis from arachidonic acid

↓

COX-1 inhibition

↓

Platelet aggregation inhibition

(a)  

73.

MOA OF WHICH DRUG CLASS?

Direct inhibition of free and clot-associated Factor Xa

↓

Reduced thrombin generation

↓

Suppressed fibrin generation and platelet aggregation

(a)  

74.

WHICH DRUG HAS THE FF MOA?

Direct inhibition of free and clot-associated Factor Xa

↓

Reduced thrombin generation

↓

Suppressed fibrin generation and platelet aggregation

(a)  

75.

WHICH DRUG HAS THE FF MOA?

Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase Type III (PDE III)

↓

Accumulation of intracellular cAMP

↓

Platelet aggregation inhibition and

vasodilation of vessels

(a)  

76.

WHICH DRUG HAS THE FF MOA?

Irreversible inhibition ADP receptor P2Y12

↓

Inhibition of ADP binding to platelet

↓

Inhibition of GP IIb/IIIa activation which is required for binding of platelet and

fibrinogen

↓

Platelet aggregation inhibition

(a)  

77.

IDENTIFY THE DRUG CLASS

Inhibition of Norepinephrine breakdown

↓

Prolonged norepinephrine activity

↓

Prolonged vasoconstriction of venous walls

↓

Increased venous return and reduced venous hyperpressure in patients with chronic venous disease

(a)  

78.

Adverse Effect of Diosmin

a)

GI Discomfort

b)

Bleeding

c)

Thrombocytopenic Purpura

d)

Hemorrhoids

79.

Which drug class doesn't have Bleeding as one of its adverse effects?

a)

P2Y12 Receptor

Antagonist

b)

Direct Oral Factor

Xa Inhibitor

c)

Phlebotonic/

Flavonoid compound

d)

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor

80.

The following are indications for heparin, EXCEPT:

a)

Acute MI

b)

DVT

c)

Stable Angina

d)

Pulmonary Embolism

81.

The most common AE of cilostazol:

a)

headache

b)

claudication

c)

bradycardia

d)

abdominal pain

82.

Discuss: Delayed Compliance (Stress-Relaxation) of Blood Vessels

4 lines

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