WorksheetsMaster Math Vocabulary
Total questions: 264
Worksheet time: 66hrs 0mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
absolute value
a)
The magnitude of a number regardless of its sign. Hence, the absolute value of a number "n" is always positive or zero, written as |n|. When the number "n" is represented on a number line, its absolute value is the distance from the origin to that number.
b)
Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
c)
An angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it measuring less than 90 degrees.
d)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
2.
absolute value (complex number)
a)
Also called the modulus of a complex number. The modulus of a complex number z = x + yi, denoted as |z|, is defined as (x2+y2)1/2. It is the distance between the origin and the point representing the complex number.
b)
The branch of mathematics that deals with the concepts of limits and convergence.
c)
Another word for equivalence. It is a compound sentence that holds between a pair of propositions or statements P and Q only when both are true or both are false.
d)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
3.
accuracy
a)
A measure of the precision of a measurement or value of a quantity.
b)
Either pair of interior angles lying on opposite sides of the transversal, which are formed when a transversal cuts two lines, such as symbol angle3 and symbol angle6 or symbol angle4 and symbol angle5.
c)
The action of simplifying a fraction or ratio by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
d)
Also called order property of multiplication. This property means that factors can be multiplied in any order and the product is always the same.
4.
acre
a)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
b)
A random variable that can take on any real-number value within a certain finite or infinite interval.
c)
The center of mass of an object.
d)
A shape or a curve that begins and ends at the same point.
5.
acute angle
a)
An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
b)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
c)
Any single rectangular box in a table.
d)
A logical statement consisting of a hypothesis and a conclusion. (If-then statement)
6.
acute triangle
a)
A triangle in which all three interior angles are acute (less than 90°).
b)
Circles that share the same center.
c)
A logarithm to the base 2.
d)
The ratio of successive terms in a geometric sequence.
7.
add
a)
To combine two or more numbers into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
b)
If the complex numbers z1 and z2 are represented by the points P1 and P2 in the complex plane in which z1=a+bi and z2=c+di, then z1+z2=(a+c)+(b+d)i. z1+z2 can be represented in the complex plane by such a point Q that OP1QP2 forms a parallelogram.
c)
The circle that passes through all three vertices of a given triangle or through the vertices of a given cyclic polygon.
d)
The area of a circle with radius r is equal to symbol PIr2.
8.
addend
a)
One of the numbers that are being added together in a sum.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic tangent.
c)
A cylinder whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cylinder.
d)
One of the numbers that are being added together in a sum.
9.
addition
a)
The process of combining two or more numbers into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
b)
A line segment whose endpoints lie on a circle. A diameter is the longest chord in any circle.
c)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
d)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
10.
addition (of complex numbers)
a)
If the complex numbers z1 and z2 are represented by the points P1 and P2 in the complex plane in which z1=a+bi and z2=c+di, then z1+z2=(a+c)+(b+d)i. z1+z2 can be represented in the complex plane by such a point Q that OP1QP2 forms a parallelogram.
b)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
c)
A curve that forms a complete loop. It has no end points. If it does not cross itself, it is called a simple closed curve.
d)
The use of coordinate systems and algebra to study geometry.
11.
addition (of fractions)
a)
The process of combining two or more fractions into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
b)
Partition something into two equal parts.
c)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
d)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
12.
addition (of matrices)
a)
The process of combining two or more matrices into one equivalent matrix, represented by the symbol +.
b)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
c)
The process of combining two or more fractions into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
d)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
13.
addition (of vectors)
a)
The process of combining two or more vectors into one equivalent vector, represented by the symbol +.
b)
The inverse of the secant function. Also written arc-secant, arcsecx, asec, or sec-1.
c)
A complex number that reverses the sign of the imaginary part of a given complex number, that is, the conjugate of x + iy is x - iy.
d)
A list of numbers or terms arranged vertically, especially in matrices.
14.
addition formula
a)
The trigonometric functions of the sum or difference of two angles that are expressed in terms of separate functions of the angles.
b)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
c)
An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
d)
The number used with a variable exponent to form an exponential function, such as the number 2 in y = 2x.
15.
addition property of opposites
a)
The property that states the sum of a number and its opposite is always zero.
b)
An imaginary line or one of the lines on a figure that divides the figure into two parts that are mirror images of each other.
c)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
d)
A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
16.
addition sentence
a)
A number sentence used to express addition.
b)
Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye.
c)
A graph that visually displays data using horizontal or vertical bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities they represent. It can be used when one axis cannot have a numerical scale.
d)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
17.
additive identity
a)
The number zero is called the additive identity because the addition of zero does not change the value of any number, that is, x + 0 = 0 + x = x for any given real number x.
b)
Another name for trigonometric functions.
c)
Also called mean or average. The arithmetic mean is the average of a set of n numbers, a1, a2, a3, . . ., an, obtained by adding all the numbers and dividing by n.
d)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
18.
additive inverse
a)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
b)
A line about which a curve or an object may rotate or revolve.
c)
The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
d)
One of the numbers that are being added together in a sum.
19.
adjacent angles
a)
Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
b)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
c)
A series in which the terms of the series are alternately positive and negative such as 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - …
d)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
20.
adjacent faces
a)
Any two faces of a polyhedron that share a common edge.
b)
Also called order property of addition. This property means that addends can be added in any order and the sum is always the same.
c)
A line about which a curve or an object may rotate or revolve.
d)
A line segment whose endpoints lie on a circle. A diameter is the longest chord in any circle.
21.
adjacent side (in a triangle)
a)
One of the sides forming a given angle in a triangle or the side between the given angle and the right angle in a right triangle.
b)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
c)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
d)
One of the vectors produced when resolving a single vector into two or more parts with the same effect as the given one.
22.
adjacent sides
a)
Any two sides of a polygon that share a common vertex.
b)
A whole number that is a common multiple of all the denominators of a set of fractions.
c)
A suggestion or statement that seems to be true based on some preliminary investigations, but has not yet been proved.
d)
A rule in calculus for finding the derivative of a composite function.
23.
admissible hypothesis
a)
Any hypothesis that has not been ruled out, that is, a hypothesis that may possibly be true.
b)
The constant difference between any two successive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
c)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
d)
An angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it measuring less than 90 degrees.
24.
after
a)
Following behind or later than.
b)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
c)
The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
d)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
25.
algebra
a)
A generalization of arithmetic in which letter symbols are used to represent unknown quantities so that we can generalize specific arithmetic relationships and patterns.
b)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
c)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
d)
A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
26.
algebraic expression
a)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
b)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
c)
A plane formed by two intersecting and perpendicular number lines used to help locate the position of any point on a map or graph.
d)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
27.
algebraic operating system (AOS)
a)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
b)
Partition something into two equal parts.
c)
Eight different angles can be formed when a line t (transversal) intersects two other lines m and n at different points.
d)
The inverse of the cotangent function. Also written arc-cotangent, actn, cot-1, cotan-1, or ctn-1.
28.
algorithm
a)
A finite number of steps or routines that detail how to solve a particular problem.
b)
A synonym for set.
c)
The process of combining two or more functions based on the definition of each function to obtain a new one.
d)
Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
29.
alternate exterior angles
a)
Eight different angles can be formed when a line t (transversal) intersects two other lines m and n at different points.
b)
Rotating in the direction in which the hands of a (normal) clock turn.
c)
Same as counterclockwise.
d)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
30.
alternate interior angles
a)
Either pair of interior angles lying on opposite sides of the transversal, which are formed when a transversal cuts two lines, such as symbol angle3 and symbol angle6 or symbol angle4 and symbol angle5.
b)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
c)
A fee (either a fixed amount or a percentage) paid to a person for making a sale or for work done.
d)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
31.
alternating series
a)
A series in which the terms of the series are alternately positive and negative such as 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 + 5 - …
b)
Partition something into two equal parts.
c)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
d)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
32.
altitude (of a plane figure)
a)
The perpendicular distance from one side (called the base) to the farthest point. The dotted line shown in the figure is the altitude of a triangle.
b)
Another name for the polar angle of a point.
c)
A function whose value does not suddenly jump as the variable increases or decreases smoothly.
d)
Shaped like a cone.
33.
altitude (of a solid figure)
a)
The perpendicular distance from the plane containing the base to the highest point in the solid. The dotted line shown in the figure is the altitude of a cone.
b)
An initial proposition or statement that is generally accepted as true without proof (self-evident truth) and from which further statements, or theorems, can be derived by using logical deduction.
c)
Lines that all pass through the same single point.
d)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
34.
ambiguous
a)
Having more than one possible way, meaning , value, or solution.
b)
A random variable that can take on any real-number value within a certain finite or infinite interval.
c)
Partition something into two equal parts.
d)
Same as counterclockwise.
35.
ambiguous case
a)
A situation in which an ambiguous case occurs in determining a triangle when two sides and an angle (other than the included angle) are known.
b)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
c)
Another name for the complex plane.
d)
A billion is equal to 1,000 million, written as 1,000,000,000 in standard form.
36.
amplitude
a)
The maximum distance or value of a varying quantity from its mean or base value, or half the maximum peak-to-peak value of a periodic function such as a simple harmonic motion.
b)
A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, symbol angle1 is the complementary angle of symbol angle2.
c)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
d)
The "if" part of a conditional statement. It is the part of a conditional statement such that if the antecedent is true, then the other part (the consequent) must also be true.
37.
analog clock
a)
A traditional clock with a face and hands used to indicate time.
b)
If the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two legs of a triangle, then the triangle is a right triangle.
c)
The indicated sum of all terms in an arithmetic sequence.
d)
The property that states that when multiplying three or more real numbers, the product is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
38.
analogy
a)
A type of reasoning in which it is assumed that if there is a similarity or sameness between two problems or methods in some aspects, they may be alike in other aspects.
b)
A unit of length in the metric system, equal to 1/100 of 1 meter.
c)
The inverse of the cosecant function. Also written arc-cosecant, arc-cosecx, acsc, cosec-1, or csc-1.
d)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
39.
analysis
a)
The branch of mathematics that deals with the concepts of limits and convergence.
b)
The circle that passes through all three vertices of a given triangle or through the vertices of a given cyclic polygon.
c)
Denoting the situation in which a series converges but diverges when its terms are replaced by their absolute values.
d)
The maximum distance or value of a varying quantity from its mean or base value, or half the maximum peak-to-peak value of a periodic function such as a simple harmonic motion.
40.
analytical geometry (coordinate geometry)
a)
The use of coordinate systems and algebra to study geometry.
b)
A unit of length in the metric system, equal to 1/100 of 1 meter.
c)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
d)
A graph that visually displays data using horizontal or vertical bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities they represent. It can be used when one axis cannot have a numerical scale.
41.
anchor ring
a)
Another name for torus.
b)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
c)
An artificially defined amount that is used as a standard of measurement.
d)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
42.
and
a)
A connective word used in logic.
b)
The branch of mathematics concerned with the study of numbers, their properties, and the skills necessary to work with numbers.
c)
A value beyond which there exist no members of a given set. See lower bound upper bound.
d)
The number b in the logarithm expression logbC.
43.
angle
a)
The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
b)
A sequence in which the difference between the nth term and the (n+1)th term decreases as n increases.
c)
Lying on the same straight line.
d)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
44.
angle (between two curves)
a)
The angle between two intersecting curves is defined as the angle between the two tangents of the two curves at the intersecting point.
b)
The ratio of successive terms in a geometric sequence.
c)
A fraction whose numerator and denominator are both integers. It is also called simple fraction or vulgar fraction.
d)
The branch of mathematics that deals with the concepts of limits and convergence.
45.
angle (in space)
a)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
b)
A tool used to construct circles, draw arcs, and copy line segments.
c)
The area of an ellipse (semimajor axis a and semiminor axis b) is equal to symbol PIab.
d)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
46.
angle of inclination
a)
An angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it measuring less than 90 degrees.
b)
One of the numbers that are being added together in a sum.
c)
The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
d)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
47.
angle-side-angle (ASA)
a)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
b)
Also called binomial theorem. It is a rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
c)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
d)
Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
48.
annually
a)
Happening once a year or over a period of one year.
b)
The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
c)
The property that states the sum of a number and its opposite is always zero.
d)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
49.
annulus (plural annuli)
a)
An annulus, also called a ring, is the region between two concentric circles. Its area equals the area difference of these two concentric circles, symbol PI(R2-r2), in which R and r are the radii of the larger and smaller circles, respectively.
b)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
c)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
d)
A polynomial representing the addition or subtraction of exactly two distinct terms (e.g., x + y, 2a - 3b, 4hr. + 26min., 8ft. - 9in.).
50.
antecedent
a)
The "if" part of a conditional statement. It is the part of a conditional statement such that if the antecedent is true, then the other part (the consequent) must also be true.
b)
A shape or a curve that begins and ends at the same point.
c)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
d)
An event that includes two or more independent events.
51.
anticlockwise
a)
Same as counterclockwise.
b)
Finding the solution to a problem using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, or square roots.
c)
The newly formed conditional statement by interchanging the "if" part and the "then" part of the original conditional statemen.
d)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
52.
antiderivative
a)
A function whose derivative is the given function, that is, the antiderivative of a given function f(x) is such a function F(x) that dF(x)/dx=f(x) for all x in the domain of f(x).
b)
The inverse of the tangent function. Also written arc-tangent, atan, or tan-1.
c)
An angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it measuring less than 90 degrees.
d)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
53.
antilogarithm
a)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
b)
A line about which a curve or an object may rotate or revolve.
c)
The process of combining two or more matrices into one equivalent matrix, represented by the symbol +.
d)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
54.
apothem
a)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
b)
A graph that visually displays data using horizontal or vertical bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities they represent. It can be used when one axis cannot have a numerical scale.
c)
Partition something into two equal parts.
d)
Readily available people or objects selected to conduct a survey.
55.
arc
a)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
b)
Another name for width.
c)
A number that has more than two factors.
d)
A table showing the equivalent numerical values in two or more desired units.
56.
arc length
a)
The length of an arc. It can be found with integration.
b)
The length of an arc. It can be found with integration.
c)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
d)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
57.
arc sech
a)
An inverse hyperbolic secant.
b)
An experiment in which there are two possible independent results. Tossing a coin is such an example.
c)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
d)
Also called order property of multiplication. This property means that factors can be multiplied in any order and the product is always the same.
58.
arc sinh
a)
An inverse hyperbolic sine.
b)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
c)
A set in which the limits that define the set are included in the set.
d)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
59.
arc tanh
a)
An inverse hyperbolic tangent.
b)
The number zero is called the additive identity because the addition of zero does not change the value of any number, that is, x + 0 = 0 + x = x for any given real number x.
c)
The "if" part of a conditional statement. It is the part of a conditional statement such that if the antecedent is true, then the other part (the consequent) must also be true.
d)
A finite number of steps or routines that detail how to solve a particular problem.
60.
arc-
a)
A prefix used to denote the inverse function of a given trigonometric or hyperbolic function.
b)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
c)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
d)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
61.
arccos (arc cosine)
a)
The inverse of the cosine function. Also written arc-cosine, arc-cosx, acos, or cos-1.
b)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
c)
The circle that passes through all three vertices of a given triangle or through the vertices of a given cyclic polygon.
d)
An experiment in which there are two possible independent results. Tossing a coin is such an example.
62.
arccsc (arc cosecant)
a)
The inverse of the cosecant function. Also written arc-cosecant, arc-cosecx, acsc, cosec-1, or csc-1.
b)
Usually hand-held, pocket-sized electronic device for performing numerical calculations, organizing data, graphing functions, and/or performing symbolic manipulations.
c)
The area of a rectangle equals the product of its base and its height (or the product of its length and its width). The area of a square is equal to the square of the length of a side.
d)
Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
63.
arcctn (arc cotangent)
a)
The inverse of the cotangent function. Also written arc-cotangent, actn, cot-1, cotan-1, or ctn-1.
b)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
c)
A value beyond which there exist no members of a given set. See lower bound upper bound.
d)
A fraction in which either the numerator or the denominator or both contain fractions.
64.
arcsec (arc secant)
a)
The inverse of the secant function. Also written arc-secant, arcsecx, asec, or sec-1.
b)
Another word for equivalence. It is a compound sentence that holds between a pair of propositions or statements P and Q only when both are true or both are false.
c)
Another name for torus.
d)
Having two right angles.
65.
arcsin (arc sine)
a)
The inverse of the sine function. Also written sin-1.
b)
A plane formed by two intersecting and perpendicular number lines used to help locate the position of any point on a map or graph.
c)
A cylinder whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cylinder.
d)
The length of an arc. It can be found with integration.
66.
arctan (arc tangent)
a)
The inverse of the tangent function. Also written arc-tangent, atan, or tan-1.
b)
The overall interest earned on investment when the total interest earned in each period is added back to the original capital.
c)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
d)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
67.
area
a)
The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
b)
Another name for independent variable.
c)
The extension of calculus concerned with determining a function such that some related definite integral achieves a maximum or minimum value.
d)
The area of a trapezoid is equal to half the product of its height and the sum of its bases.
68.
area of a circle
a)
The area of a circle with radius r is equal to symbol PIr2.
b)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
c)
A value beyond which there exist no members of a given set. See lower bound upper bound.
d)
The area of a rectangle equals the product of its base and its height (or the product of its length and its width). The area of a square is equal to the square of the length of a side.
69.
area of a parallelogram
a)
The area of a parallelogram is equal to the length of a base multiplied by the height to that base.
b)
The inverse of the secant function. Also written arc-secant, arcsecx, asec, or sec-1.
c)
A tool used to construct circles, draw arcs, and copy line segments.
d)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
70.
area of a square or a rectangle
a)
The area of a rectangle equals the product of its base and its height (or the product of its length and its width). The area of a square is equal to the square of the length of a side.
b)
A line about which a curve or an object may rotate or revolve.
c)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
d)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
71.
area of a trapezoid
a)
The area of a trapezoid is equal to half the product of its height and the sum of its bases.
b)
A method used in estimation when all numbers are about the same as a common number.
c)
A cone whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cone.
d)
To approach a fixed value.
72.
area of a triangle
a)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
b)
Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
c)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
d)
A point about which a geometric shape is symmetrical.
73.
area of an ellipse
a)
The area of an ellipse (semimajor axis a and semiminor axis b) is equal to symbol PIab.
b)
Shaped like a cone.
c)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
d)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
74.
Argand diagram
a)
Another name for the complex plane.
b)
A prefix used in the US to denote 109, which is equivalent to the SI prefix giga-.
c)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the sphere surface.
d)
Also called order property of addition. This property means that addends can be added in any order and the sum is always the same.
75.
argument (algebra)
a)
Another name for independent variable.
b)
Spheres that share the same center.
c)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
d)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
76.
argument (complex number)
a)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
b)
A curve represented by the equation y = a cosh(x/a) with appropriate axes.
c)
An event that includes two or more independent events.
d)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
77.
argument (in logic)
a)
A sequence of sentences, called premises, that lead to a conclusion.
b)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
c)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
d)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
78.
arithmetic
a)
The branch of mathematics concerned with the study of numbers, their properties, and the skills necessary to work with numbers.
b)
Polygons that have all corresponding sides and all corresponding angles congruent.
c)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
d)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
79.
arithmetic mean
a)
Also called mean or average. The arithmetic mean is the average of a set of n numbers, a1, a2, a3, . . ., an, obtained by adding all the numbers and dividing by n.
b)
If the complex numbers z1 and z2 are represented by the points P1 and P2 in the complex plane in which z1=a+bi and z2=c+di, then z1+z2=(a+c)+(b+d)i. z1+z2 can be represented in the complex plane by such a point Q that OP1QP2 forms a parallelogram.
c)
The inverse of the secant function. Also written arc-secant, arcsecx, asec, or sec-1.
d)
A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
80.
arithmetic progression
a)
Another name for arithmetic sequence.
b)
Signs, "[" and "]", used to indicate that the operation(s) on the quantities enclosed should be worked out first or should be treated as a unit. Brackets are normally used after parentheses are used.
c)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the circumference of the circle.
d)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
81.
arithmetic sequence
a)
A sequence in which the difference between successive terms is constant.
b)
The area of an ellipse (semimajor axis a and semiminor axis b) is equal to symbol PIab.
c)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
d)
A list of numbers or terms arranged vertically, especially in matrices.
82.
arithmetic series
a)
The indicated sum of all terms in an arithmetic sequence.
b)
A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it.
c)
Designating the situation in which two things weigh the same or have the same quantity.
d)
The branch of mathematics that deals with the concepts of limits and convergence.
83.
array
a)
Numbers linearly ordered by magnitude or a rectangular arrangement of objects in rows and columns as in a matrix.
b)
The sum of all numerical values divided by the number of values to arrive at a number that can best represent all the values in the set.
c)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
d)
Something that is sure to happen. For example, the sun will always rise.
84.
associative
a)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
b)
The branch of mathematics concerned with the study of numbers, their properties, and the skills necessary to work with numbers.
c)
The perpendicular distance from the plane containing the base to the highest point in the solid. The dotted line shown in the figure is the altitude of a cone.
d)
Following behind or later than.
85.
associative property of addition
a)
The property that states that when adding three or more real numbers, the sum is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
b)
A logarithm to the base 2.
c)
A traditional clock with a face and hands used to indicate time.
d)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
86.
associative property of multiplication
a)
The property that states that when multiplying three or more real numbers, the product is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
b)
If the complex numbers z1 and z2 are represented by the points P1 and P2 in the complex plane in which z1=a+bi and z2=c+di, then z1+z2=(a+c)+(b+d)i. z1+z2 can be represented in the complex plane by such a point Q that OP1QP2 forms a parallelogram.
c)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
d)
The property that states that when multiplying three or more real numbers, the product is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
87.
asymmetric
a)
Denoting any figure that is neither symmetrical about a line nor symmetrical about a point.
b)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
c)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
d)
Another name for torus.
88.
asymptote
a)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
b)
The indicated sum of all terms in an arithmetic sequence.
c)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
d)
Describing a set for which a given operation (such as addition and multiplication) gives a result that is also a member of the same set.
89.
atto-
a)
A prefix used with SI units to denote 10-18.
b)
The figure formed by two rays from the same initial point.
c)
The center of mass of an object.
d)
Another name for torus.
90.
attribute
a)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
b)
Usually hand-held, pocket-sized electronic device for performing numerical calculations, organizing data, graphing functions, and/or performing symbolic manipulations.
c)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
d)
The maximum amount a container can hold when full.
91.
average
a)
The sum of all numerical values divided by the number of values to arrive at a number that can best represent all the values in the set.
b)
Following on from each other in order.
c)
Another name for independent variable.
d)
A unit of length in the metric system, equal to 1/100 of 1 meter.
92.
axial plane
a)
A fixed reference plane containing two of the three coordinate axes in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
b)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
c)
Another name for analytical geometry.
d)
Another name for bar graph.
93.
axiom (postulate)
a)
An initial proposition or statement that is generally accepted as true without proof (self-evident truth) and from which further statements, or theorems, can be derived by using logical deduction.
b)
A synonym for set.
c)
A set containing its endpoints and all the appropriate numbers in between.
d)
The length of an arc. It can be found with integration.
94.
axis (in solid geometry)
a)
A line about which a curve or an object may rotate or revolve.
b)
Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
c)
The maximum amount a container can hold when full.
d)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
95.
axis (in symmetry)
a)
An imaginary line or one of the lines on a figure that divides the figure into two parts that are mirror images of each other.
b)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
c)
Another name for analytical geometry.
d)
The number b in the logarithm expression logbC.
96.
axis (plural axes)
a)
The horizontal reference line (usually called x-axis) and vertical reference line (usually called y-axis) on a graph.
b)
An annulus, also called a ring, is the region between two concentric circles. Its area equals the area difference of these two concentric circles, symbol PI(R2-r2), in which R and r are the radii of the larger and smaller circles, respectively.
c)
The inverse of the cotangent function. Also written arc-cotangent, actn, cot-1, cotan-1, or ctn-1.
d)
A function whose derivative is the given function, that is, the antiderivative of a given function f(x) is such a function F(x) that dF(x)/dx=f(x) for all x in the domain of f(x).
97.
azimuth (three-dimension)
a)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
b)
An infinite series that has a finite sum.
c)
Shaped like a cone.
d)
Happening once a year or over a period of one year.
98.
azimuth (two-dimension)
a)
Another name for the polar angle of a point.
b)
The circle that passes through all three vertices of a given triangle or through the vertices of a given cyclic polygon.
c)
Having more than one possible way, meaning , value, or solution.
d)
Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
99.
balance
a)
Designating the situation in which two things weigh the same or have the same quantity.
b)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
c)
A method of defining the position of a point by its perpendicular distance from two or more reference lines.
d)
The branch of mathematics concerned with the study of numbers, their properties, and the skills necessary to work with numbers.
100.
bar chart
a)
Another name for bar graph.
b)
The process of combining two or more vectors into one equivalent vector, represented by the symbol +.
c)
In front of or earlier than. 2 is just before 3.
d)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
101.
bar graph
a)
A graph that visually displays data using horizontal or vertical bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities they represent. It can be used when one axis cannot have a numerical scale.
b)
The newly formed conditional statement by interchanging the "if" part and the "then" part of the original conditional statemen.
c)
A shape or a curve that begins and ends at the same point.
d)
A type of reasoning in which it is assumed that if there is a similarity or sameness between two problems or methods in some aspects, they may be alike in other aspects.
102.
base (in a number system)
a)
The number of different symbols used in a particular number system.
b)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
c)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
d)
The distribution of the number of successes in a series of trials in which there are only two possible outcomes: success and failure. One example is the distribution of turning up heads or tails when tossing a coin.
103.
base (in an exponent)
a)
A number that is used as a repeated factor.
b)
A function whose value does not suddenly jump as the variable increases or decreases smoothly.
c)
The constant difference between any two successive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
d)
One of the vectors produced when resolving a single vector into two or more parts with the same effect as the given one.
104.
base (in plane geometry)
a)
The line (or side) on which a polygon stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower side.
b)
A logical statement consisting of a hypothesis and a conclusion. (If-then statement)
c)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
d)
A line segment whose endpoints lie on a circle. A diameter is the longest chord in any circle.
105.
base (in solid geometry)
a)
The plane (or area) on which a solid object stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower face.
b)
The property that states that when multiplying three or more real numbers, the product is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
c)
Any hypothesis that has not been ruled out, that is, a hypothesis that may possibly be true.
d)
A prefix used in the US to denote 109, which is equivalent to the SI prefix giga-.
106.
base (of an exponential function)
a)
The number used with a variable exponent to form an exponential function, such as the number 2 in y = 2x.
b)
The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
c)
A number that is used in counting to indicate quantity but not order. For example, 3 ants and 5 bears.
d)
A small amount of something that does not fairly represent the whole.
107.
base (of logarithms)
a)
The number b in the logarithm expression logbC.
b)
The extension of calculus concerned with determining a function such that some related definite integral achieves a maximum or minimum value.
c)
The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
d)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
108.
base unit
a)
An artificially defined amount that is used as a standard of measurement.
b)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
c)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
d)
The use of coordinate systems and algebra to study geometry.
109.
basis vectors
a)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
b)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
c)
The line (or side) on which a polygon stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower side.
d)
Two angles that share the same vertex and have one side in common between them.
110.
bearing
a)
The angle that the direction makes with north, measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from north. Bearings of less than 100° are generally written with an initial 0
b)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
c)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the sphere surface.
d)
An annulus, also called a ring, is the region between two concentric circles. Its area equals the area difference of these two concentric circles, symbol PI(R2-r2), in which R and r are the radii of the larger and smaller circles, respectively.
111.
before
a)
In front of or earlier than. 2 is just before 3.
b)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
c)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
d)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
112.
benchmark number
a)
A number such as 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 that can be used to help make estimates.
b)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
c)
The number used with a variable exponent to form an exponential function, such as the number 2 in y = 2x.
d)
The action of simplifying a fraction or ratio by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
113.
Bernoulli trial
a)
An experiment in which there are two possible independent results. Tossing a coin is such an example.
b)
One of the vectors produced when resolving a single vector into two or more parts with the same effect as the given one.
c)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
d)
Shaped like a cone.
114.
between
a)
Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
b)
A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, symbol angle1 is the complementary angle of symbol angle2.
c)
Rotating in the direction in which the hands of a (normal) clock turn.
d)
A whole number that is a common multiple of all the denominators of a set of fractions.
115.
between (in geometry)
a)
A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it.
b)
The four curves - circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
c)
Spheres that share the same center.
d)
An inverse hyperbolic sine.
116.
beva-
a)
A prefix used in the US to denote 109, which is equivalent to the SI prefix giga-.
b)
An experiment in which there are two possible independent results. Tossing a coin is such an example.
c)
A function whose derivative is the given function, that is, the antiderivative of a given function f(x) is such a function F(x) that dF(x)/dx=f(x) for all x in the domain of f(x).
d)
A fraction whose numerator and denominator are both integers. It is also called simple fraction or vulgar fraction.
117.
bias
a)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
b)
A sequence of sentences, called premises, that lead to a conclusion.
c)
A fee (either a fixed amount or a percentage) paid to a person for making a sale or for work done.
d)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
118.
biased sample
a)
A small amount of something that does not fairly represent the whole.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic sine.
c)
The ratio of successive terms in a geometric sequence.
d)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
119.
biconditional
a)
Another word for equivalence. It is a compound sentence that holds between a pair of propositions or statements P and Q only when both are true or both are false.
b)
A number that is used as a repeated factor.
c)
A rule in calculus for finding the derivative of a composite function.
d)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
120.
bilateral symmetry
a)
Another name for line symmetry.
b)
A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it.
c)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
d)
Denoting an operation that is independent of the order of the numbers or symbols concerned.
121.
billion
a)
A billion is equal to 1,000 million, written as 1,000,000,000 in standard form.
b)
A fraction whose numerator and denominator are both integers. It is also called simple fraction or vulgar fraction.
c)
A logarithm to the base 2.
d)
Also called order property of multiplication. This property means that factors can be multiplied in any order and the product is always the same.
122.
bimodal
a)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
b)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
c)
A number or a monomial by which several parts of an algebraic expression are multiplied.
d)
The magnitude of a number regardless of its sign. Hence, the absolute value of a number "n" is always positive or zero, written as |n|. When the number "n" is represented on a number line, its absolute value is the distance from the origin to that number.
123.
binary logarithm
a)
A logarithm to the base 2.
b)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
c)
A table showing the months, weeks, and days for a specific year.
d)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
124.
binary number
a)
A number system that uses only two different digits, 0 and 1, instead of ten in the decimal system.
b)
A solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
c)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
d)
Another name for the polar angle of a point.
125.
binary operation
a)
An operation that is applied to two objects.
b)
A number or a monomial by which several parts of an algebraic expression are multiplied.
c)
Spheres that share the same center.
d)
One of the sides forming a given angle in a triangle or the side between the given angle and the right angle in a right triangle.
126.
binomial
a)
A polynomial representing the addition or subtraction of exactly two distinct terms (e.g., x + y, 2a - 3b, 4hr. + 26min., 8ft. - 9in.).
b)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
c)
Following on from each other in order.
d)
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a given circle.
127.
binomial coefficient
a)
The factor multiplying any of the terms in a binomial expansion.
b)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
c)
The process of combining two or more numbers into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
d)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
128.
binomial distribution
a)
The distribution of the number of successes in a series of trials in which there are only two possible outcomes: success and failure. One example is the distribution of turning up heads or tails when tossing a coin.
b)
A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
c)
A number system that uses only two different digits, 0 and 1, instead of ten in the decimal system.
d)
An initial proposition or statement that is generally accepted as true without proof (self-evident truth) and from which further statements, or theorems, can be derived by using logical deduction.
129.
binomial expansion
a)
Also called binomial theorem. It is a rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
b)
A function whose value does not suddenly jump as the variable increases or decreases smoothly.
c)
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a given circle.
d)
The area of a trapezoid is equal to half the product of its height and the sum of its bases.
130.
binomial theorem
a)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
b)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
c)
The distribution of the number of successes in a series of trials in which there are only two possible outcomes: success and failure. One example is the distribution of turning up heads or tails when tossing a coin.
d)
Any hypothesis that has not been ruled out, that is, a hypothesis that may possibly be true.
131.
birectangular
a)
Having two right angles.
b)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
c)
The number zero is called the additive identity because the addition of zero does not change the value of any number, that is, x + 0 = 0 + x = x for any given real number x.
d)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
132.
bisect
a)
Partition something into two equal parts.
b)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
c)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
d)
The number b in the logarithm expression logbC.
133.
bisector
a)
A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
b)
The indicated sum of all terms in an arithmetic sequence.
c)
Rotating in the direction in which the hands of a (normal) clock turn.
d)
A generalization of arithmetic in which letter symbols are used to represent unknown quantities so that we can generalize specific arithmetic relationships and patterns.
134.
Boolean algebra
a)
The branch of mathematics that studies the operations carried out on variables that can have only two values: 1 or 0 (true or false).
b)
A fraction in which either the numerator or the denominator or both contain fractions.
c)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the sphere surface.
d)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
135.
bound
a)
A value beyond which there exist no members of a given set. See lower bound upper bound.
b)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
c)
Another name for the complex plane.
d)
The range used to divide the set of possible numerical values when working with large amounts of data.
136.
box and whisker plot
a)
A graph that shows the distribution of data along a number line. Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts
b)
An annulus, also called a ring, is the region between two concentric circles. Its area equals the area difference of these two concentric circles, symbol PI(R2-r2), in which R and r are the radii of the larger and smaller circles, respectively.
c)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
d)
Circles that share the same center.
137.
brackets
a)
Signs, "[" and "]", used to indicate that the operation(s) on the quantities enclosed should be worked out first or should be treated as a unit. Brackets are normally used after parentheses are used.
b)
Having two right angles.
c)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
d)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
138.
breadth
a)
Another name for width.
b)
The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
c)
A set in which the limits that define the set are included in the set.
d)
Numbers linearly ordered by magnitude or a rectangular arrangement of objects in rows and columns as in a matrix.
139.
calculate (compute)
a)
Finding the solution to a problem using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, or square roots.
b)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
c)
Signs, "[" and "]", used to indicate that the operation(s) on the quantities enclosed should be worked out first or should be treated as a unit. Brackets are normally used after parentheses are used.
d)
Denoting the situation in which a series converges but diverges when its terms are replaced by their absolute values.
140.
calculator
a)
Usually hand-held, pocket-sized electronic device for performing numerical calculations, organizing data, graphing functions, and/or performing symbolic manipulations.
b)
Having two right angles.
c)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
d)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
141.
calculus
a)
A way of making calculations about continuously varying quantities such as the speed of a falling object or the slope of a curve.
b)
A number that has both a real part and an imaginary part, written in the form a + ib, in which a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1 (that is, i2 = -1).
c)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
d)
The range used to divide the set of possible numerical values when working with large amounts of data.
142.
calculus of variations
a)
The extension of calculus concerned with determining a function such that some related definite integral achieves a maximum or minimum value.
b)
A function whose derivative is the given function, that is, the antiderivative of a given function f(x) is such a function F(x) that dF(x)/dx=f(x) for all x in the domain of f(x).
c)
The ratio of a measurement in one unit to the equivalent numerical value in another unit.
d)
Denoting the situation in which a series converges but diverges when its terms are replaced by their absolute values.
143.
calendar
a)
A table showing the months, weeks, and days for a specific year.
b)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
c)
The number of different symbols used in a particular number system.
d)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
144.
cancel
a)
The action of simplifying a fraction or ratio by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
b)
A set containing its endpoints and all the appropriate numbers in between.
c)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
d)
Happening once a year or over a period of one year.
145.
capacity
a)
The maximum amount a container can hold when full.
b)
A number sentence used to express addition.
c)
Denoting an operation that is independent of the order of the numbers or symbols concerned.
d)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
146.
cardinal number
a)
A number that is used in counting to indicate quantity but not order. For example, 3 ants and 5 bears.
b)
A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it.
c)
A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, symbol angle1 is the complementary angle of symbol angle2.
d)
An angle formed by a horizontal line and a line of sight above it measuring less than 90 degrees.
147.
cardioid
a)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
b)
The area of a trapezoid is equal to half the product of its height and the sum of its bases.
c)
Another name for torus.
d)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
148.
Cartesian coordinate system
a)
A method of defining the position of a point by its perpendicular distance from two or more reference lines.
b)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
c)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
d)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
149.
Cartesian product (of sets A and B)
a)
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a,b), made by matching every element in the first set with every element in the second set, in which a symbol belong A and b symbol belong B.
b)
A value beyond which there exist no members of a given set. See lower bound upper bound.
c)
The number b in the logarithm expression logbC.
d)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
150.
categorical data
a)
Non-numerical categories used to describe data. (favorite color, food, or pet)
b)
A number that has more than two factors.
c)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
d)
The inverse of the sine function. Also written sin-1.
151.
catenary
a)
A curve represented by the equation y = a cosh(x/a) with appropriate axes.
b)
A curve that forms a complete loop. It has no end points. If it does not cross itself, it is called a simple closed curve.
c)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
d)
The inverse of the cosine function. Also written arc-cosine, arc-cosx, acos, or cos-1.
152.
cell
a)
Any single rectangular box in a table.
b)
A traditional clock with a face and hands used to indicate time.
c)
Also called mean or average. The arithmetic mean is the average of a set of n numbers, a1, a2, a3, . . ., an, obtained by adding all the numbers and dividing by n.
d)
Eight different angles can be formed when a line t (transversal) intersects two other lines m and n at different points.
153.
Celsius
a)
A unit of temperature. Symbol: °C. It is equal to one hundredth of the difference between the temperatures of freezing and boiling water at one atmosphere pressure.
b)
A number sentence used to express addition.
c)
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a,b), made by matching every element in the first set with every element in the second set, in which a symbol belong A and b symbol belong B.
d)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
154.
census
a)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
b)
Also called pie chart. It is a circular graph that uses radii to divide the circle into sectors in such a way that the areas of the sectors are proportional to the quantities represented.
c)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
d)
The inverse of the tangent function. Also written arc-tangent, atan, or tan-1.
155.
cent
a)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
b)
Another name for torus.
c)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
d)
A line segment whose endpoints lie on a circle. A diameter is the longest chord in any circle.
156.
center
a)
A point about which a geometric shape is symmetrical.
b)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
c)
An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
d)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
157.
center (of a circle)
a)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the circumference of the circle.
b)
A graph that can be used to convert values from one unit to another.
c)
The perpendicular distance from one side (called the base) to the farthest point. The dotted line shown in the figure is the altitude of a triangle.
d)
The length of an arc. It can be found with integration.
158.
center (of a hyperbola)
a)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
b)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
c)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
d)
Happening once a year or over a period of one year.
159.
center (of a regular polygon)
a)
The center of the circle that is inscribed in the polygon.
b)
Denoting any figure that is neither symmetrical about a line nor symmetrical about a point.
c)
Same as counterclockwise.
d)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
160.
center (of a sphere)
a)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the sphere surface.
b)
The angle that the direction makes with north, measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from north. Bearings of less than 100° are generally written with an initial 0
c)
The perpendicular distance from one side (called the base) to the farthest point. The dotted line shown in the figure is the altitude of a triangle.
d)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
161.
center (of an ellipse)
a)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
b)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
c)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
d)
Polygons that have all corresponding sides and all corresponding angles congruent.
162.
centimeter (cm)
a)
A unit of length in the metric system, equal to 1/100 of 1 meter.
b)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
c)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
d)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
163.
central angle
a)
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a given circle.
b)
Carrying out a mathematical process to determine a result.
c)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
d)
Partition something into two equal parts.
164.
central tendency
a)
One of three measures (mean, median, and mode) in statistics designed to indicate the place where the largest number of items concentrate on a distribution curve.
b)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
c)
The area of a trapezoid is equal to half the product of its height and the sum of its bases.
d)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
165.
centroid
a)
The center of mass of an object.
b)
A traditional clock with a face and hands used to indicate time.
c)
Having more than one possible way, meaning , value, or solution.
d)
A graph that visually displays data using horizontal or vertical bars whose lengths are proportional to quantities they represent. It can be used when one axis cannot have a numerical scale.
166.
certain
a)
Something that is sure to happen. For example, the sun will always rise.
b)
An "and" statement of this form: "P and Q."
c)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
d)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
167.
chain rule
a)
A rule in calculus for finding the derivative of a composite function.
b)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
c)
Denoting an operation in which the outcome is independent of the grouping of the symbols and numbers involved, that is, (a <o> b) <o> c = a <o> (b <o> c), in which <o> is the operation. Such examples include addition and multiplication.
d)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
168.
characteristic (in logarithm)
a)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
b)
If the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two legs of a triangle, then the triangle is a right triangle.
c)
A graph that shows the distribution of data along a number line. Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts
d)
A finite number of steps or routines that detail how to solve a particular problem.
169.
characteristic (in set)
a)
The unique feature that distinguishes the members of one set from that of other sets.
b)
One of the vectors produced when resolving a single vector into two or more parts with the same effect as the given one.
c)
A method of defining the position of a point by its perpendicular distance from two or more reference lines.
d)
Denoting an operation that is independent of the order of the numbers or symbols concerned.
170.
chord
a)
A line segment whose endpoints lie on a circle. A diameter is the longest chord in any circle.
b)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
c)
Same as counterclockwise.
d)
A polynomial representing the addition or subtraction of exactly two distinct terms (e.g., x + y, 2a - 3b, 4hr. + 26min., 8ft. - 9in.).
171.
circle
a)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
b)
A small amount of something that does not fairly represent the whole.
c)
The branch of mathematics that studies the operations carried out on variables that can have only two values: 1 or 0 (true or false).
d)
The horizontal reference line (usually called x-axis) and vertical reference line (usually called y-axis) on a graph.
172.
circle graph
a)
Also called pie chart. It is a circular graph that uses radii to divide the circle into sectors in such a way that the areas of the sectors are proportional to the quantities represented.
b)
Another name for bar graph.
c)
A surface that has no boundary.
d)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
173.
circular cone
a)
A cone whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cone.
b)
Eight different angles can be formed when a line t (transversal) intersects two other lines m and n at different points.
c)
A measure of the precision of a measurement or value of a quantity.
d)
The branch of mathematics that studies the operations carried out on variables that can have only two values: 1 or 0 (true or false).
174.
circular cylinder
a)
A cylinder whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cylinder.
b)
A shape or a curve that begins and ends at the same point.
c)
A method used in estimation when all numbers are about the same as a common number.
d)
Finding the solution to a problem using addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, or square roots.
175.
circular functions
a)
Another name for trigonometric functions.
b)
Another name for the complex plane.
c)
Spheres that share the same center.
d)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
176.
circumference
a)
The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
b)
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a given circle.
c)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
d)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
177.
circumscribe
a)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
b)
The extension of calculus concerned with determining a function such that some related definite integral achieves a maximum or minimum value.
c)
A connective word used in logic.
d)
A small amount of something that does not fairly represent the whole.
178.
circumscribed circle
a)
The circle that passes through all three vertices of a given triangle or through the vertices of a given cyclic polygon.
b)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
c)
A situation in which an ambiguous case occurs in determining a triangle when two sides and an angle (other than the included angle) are known.
d)
Another name for the complex plane.
179.
class (in algebra)
a)
A synonym for set.
b)
The plane (or area) on which a solid object stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower face.
c)
A point about which a geometric shape is symmetrical.
d)
The line (or side) on which a polygon stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower side.
180.
class interval
a)
The range used to divide the set of possible numerical values when working with large amounts of data.
b)
A method used in estimation when all numbers are about the same as a common number.
c)
The property that states the sum of a number and its opposite is always zero.
d)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
181.
classify
a)
To put into different classes or sets.
b)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
c)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the circumference of the circle.
d)
The "if" part of a conditional statement. It is the part of a conditional statement such that if the antecedent is true, then the other part (the consequent) must also be true.
182.
clockwise
a)
Rotating in the direction in which the hands of a (normal) clock turn.
b)
Another name for torus.
c)
A surface that has no boundary.
d)
Any two sides of a polygon that share a common vertex.
183.
closed (under an operation)
a)
Describing a set for which a given operation (such as addition and multiplication) gives a result that is also a member of the same set.
b)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
c)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
d)
To put into different classes or sets.
184.
closed curve (closed contour)
a)
A curve that forms a complete loop. It has no end points. If it does not cross itself, it is called a simple closed curve.
b)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
c)
A graph that shows the distribution of data along a number line. Quartiles divide the data into four equal parts
d)
The sum of all numerical values divided by the number of values to arrive at a number that can best represent all the values in the set.
185.
closed figure
a)
A shape or a curve that begins and ends at the same point.
b)
The factor multiplying any of the terms in a binomial expansion.
c)
An infinite series that has a finite sum.
d)
A number whose value never changes.
186.
closed interval
a)
A set containing its endpoints and all the appropriate numbers in between.
b)
The action of simplifying a fraction or ratio by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
c)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
d)
Carrying out a mathematical process to determine a result.
187.
closed set
a)
A set in which the limits that define the set are included in the set.
b)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
c)
A number or a monomial by which several parts of an algebraic expression are multiplied.
d)
A tool used to construct circles, draw arcs, and copy line segments.
188.
closed surface
a)
A surface that has no boundary.
b)
A sequence in which the difference between the nth term and the (n+1)th term decreases as n increases.
c)
Partition something into two equal parts.
d)
The newly formed conditional statement by interchanging the "if" part and the "then" part of the original conditional statemen.
189.
clustering
a)
A method used in estimation when all numbers are about the same as a common number.
b)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
c)
To surround a polygon with a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon.
d)
The collection of data from the entire population, rather than from a sample.
190.
coefficient (in algebraic expressions)
a)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
b)
The surface included within a closed figure, measured by the number of square units needed to cover the surface.
c)
The set of all possible ordered pairs (a,b), made by matching every element in the first set with every element in the second set, in which a symbol belong A and b symbol belong B.
d)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
191.
collinear
a)
Lying on the same straight line.
b)
The branch of mathematics concerned with the study of numbers, their properties, and the skills necessary to work with numbers.
c)
An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
d)
The unique feature that distinguishes the members of one set from that of other sets.
192.
column
a)
A list of numbers or terms arranged vertically, especially in matrices.
b)
A rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
c)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
d)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
193.
combination
a)
The number of possible ways of selecting m objects out of n objects when you don´t care about the order in which the m objects are arranged.
b)
The ratio of successive terms in a geometric sequence.
c)
The inverse of the cosecant function. Also written arc-cosecant, arc-cosecx, acsc, cosec-1, or csc-1.
d)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
194.
commission
a)
A fee (either a fixed amount or a percentage) paid to a person for making a sale or for work done.
b)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
c)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
d)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
195.
common denominator
a)
A whole number that is a common multiple of all the denominators of a set of fractions.
b)
The boundary line of a circle or the length of such a boundary line.
c)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
d)
The number of different symbols used in a particular number system.
196.
common difference
a)
The constant difference between any two successive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
b)
A characteristic of an object such as color, shape, or size.
c)
Lying on the same straight line.
d)
A prefix used in the US to denote 109, which is equivalent to the SI prefix giga-.
197.
common factor (in algebra)
a)
A number or a monomial by which several parts of an algebraic expression are multiplied.
b)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
c)
A number system that uses only two different digits, 0 and 1, instead of ten in the decimal system.
d)
The area of a circle with radius r is equal to symbol PIr2.
198.
common factor (in arithmetic)
a)
A whole number that will divide exactly into two or more given numbers without leaving a remainder.
b)
The inverse of the tangent function. Also written arc-tangent, atan, or tan-1.
c)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
d)
A unit of money in many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Symbol: symbol cent (in US).
199.
common fraction
a)
A fraction whose numerator and denominator are both integers. It is also called simple fraction or vulgar fraction.
b)
The range used to divide the set of possible numerical values when working with large amounts of data.
c)
The property that states the sum of a number and its opposite is always zero.
d)
Eight different angles can be formed when a line t (transversal) intersects two other lines m and n at different points.
200.
common logarithm
a)
Popular name for a logarithm to the base 10.
b)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
c)
A prefix used with SI units to denote 10-18.
d)
Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
201.
common multiple
a)
A multiple that two or more numbers share.
b)
A triangle congruence rule that states that when two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and the included side of another triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
c)
A table showing the equivalent numerical values in two or more desired units.
d)
The second part, or the conclusion, of a conditional statement.
202.
common ratio
a)
The ratio of successive terms in a geometric sequence.
b)
Circles that share the same center.
c)
A cylinder whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cylinder.
d)
Signs, "[" and "]", used to indicate that the operation(s) on the quantities enclosed should be worked out first or should be treated as a unit. Brackets are normally used after parentheses are used.
203.
common tangent
a)
One single line that forms a tangent to two or more different curves. The term is also used for the distance between two tangential points.
b)
Another name for line symmetry.
c)
The four curves - circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
d)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
204.
commutative
a)
Denoting an operation that is independent of the order of the numbers or symbols concerned.
b)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
c)
Rotating in the direction in which the hands of a (normal) clock turn.
d)
To put into different classes or sets.
205.
commutative property of addition
a)
Also called order property of addition. This property means that addends can be added in any order and the sum is always the same.
b)
Also called binomial theorem. It is a rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
c)
One single line that forms a tangent to two or more different curves. The term is also used for the distance between two tangential points.
d)
Signs, "[" and "]", used to indicate that the operation(s) on the quantities enclosed should be worked out first or should be treated as a unit. Brackets are normally used after parentheses are used.
206.
commutative property of multiplication
a)
Also called order property of multiplication. This property means that factors can be multiplied in any order and the product is always the same.
b)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
c)
The process of combining two or more matrices into one equivalent matrix, represented by the symbol +.
d)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
207.
compass
a)
Any instrument (usually a magnetic compass) for finding direction or bearing.
b)
A table showing the equivalent numerical values in two or more desired units.
c)
A function whose value does not suddenly jump as the variable increases or decreases smoothly.
d)
Happening once a year or over a period of one year.
208.
compasses
a)
A tool used to construct circles, draw arcs, and copy line segments.
b)
One single line that forms a tangent to two or more different curves. The term is also used for the distance between two tangential points.
c)
Lines that all pass through the same single point.
d)
The sum of all numerical values divided by the number of values to arrive at a number that can best represent all the values in the set.
209.
compatible numbers
a)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
b)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
c)
A billion is equal to 1,000 million, written as 1,000,000,000 in standard form.
d)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
210.
complement (of a set)
a)
The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
b)
Same as the longitude of a point. It is the angle symbol theta measured in a horizontal plane from the x-axis in spherical polar coordinates.
c)
The trigonometric functions of the sum or difference of two angles that are expressed in terms of separate functions of the angles.
d)
A complex number (x+iy) can always be rewritten in the form r(cossymbol theta+isinsymbol theta), in which symbol theta is the argument.
211.
complementary angles
a)
A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, symbol angle1 is the complementary angle of symbol angle2.
b)
Numbers linearly ordered by magnitude or a rectangular arrangement of objects in rows and columns as in a matrix.
c)
A fee (either a fixed amount or a percentage) paid to a person for making a sale or for work done.
d)
The sum of all numerical values divided by the number of values to arrive at a number that can best represent all the values in the set.
212.
completing the square
a)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
b)
One of three measures (mean, median, and mode) in statistics designed to indicate the place where the largest number of items concentrate on a distribution curve.
c)
An algebraic expression is made up of three things: numbers, variables, and operation signs such as + and -.
d)
A number that has more than two factors.
213.
complex fraction
a)
A fraction in which either the numerator or the denominator or both contain fractions.
b)
Also called mean or average. The arithmetic mean is the average of a set of n numbers, a1, a2, a3, . . ., an, obtained by adding all the numbers and dividing by n.
c)
The inverse of the cosine function. Also written arc-cosine, arc-cosx, acos, or cos-1.
d)
The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
214.
complex number
a)
A number that has both a real part and an imaginary part, written in the form a + ib, in which a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1 (that is, i2 = -1).
b)
A plane formed by two intersecting and perpendicular number lines used to help locate the position of any point on a map or graph.
c)
The inverse of the secant function. Also written arc-secant, arcsecx, asec, or sec-1.
d)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
215.
complex plane
a)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
b)
The point that is the same distance from all of the points on the sphere surface.
c)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
d)
An inverse hyperbolic sine.
216.
component
a)
One of the vectors produced when resolving a single vector into two or more parts with the same effect as the given one.
b)
The set of all the elements within a particular universal set that are not elements of the given set.
c)
Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye.
d)
One of the sides forming a given angle in a triangle or the side between the given angle and the right angle in a right triangle.
217.
composite function
a)
A function that consists of two functions the output of one of which is the input of the other function.
b)
The use of coordinate systems and algebra to study geometry.
c)
Having one thing on either side of it. 2 is between 1 and 3.
d)
A prefix used to denote the inverse function of a given trigonometric or hyperbolic function.
218.
composite number
a)
A number that has more than two factors.
b)
A prefix used in the US to denote 109, which is equivalent to the SI prefix giga-.
c)
The process of combining two or more functions based on the definition of each function to obtain a new one.
d)
Any single rectangular box in a table.
219.
composition
a)
The process of combining two or more functions based on the definition of each function to obtain a new one.
b)
The ratio of a measurement in one unit to the equivalent numerical value in another unit.
c)
One single line that forms a tangent to two or more different curves. The term is also used for the distance between two tangential points.
d)
Numbers linearly ordered by magnitude or a rectangular arrangement of objects in rows and columns as in a matrix.
220.
compound event
a)
An event that includes two or more independent events.
b)
The center of the circle that is inscribed in the polygon.
c)
A logical statement consisting of a hypothesis and a conclusion. (If-then statement)
d)
Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye.
221.
compound interest
a)
The overall interest earned on investment when the total interest earned in each period is added back to the original capital.
b)
Having two right angles.
c)
A way of simplifying or solving a quadratic equation by adding an expression to both sides to make one part of the equation a perfect square.
d)
The process of combining two or more functions based on the definition of each function to obtain a new one.
222.
compound sentence (in logic)
a)
The sentence formed by combining two or more simple sentences with connective(s) such as AND, OR, NOT, and IF/THEN.
b)
The maximum amount a container can hold when full.
c)
The use of coordinate systems and algebra to study geometry.
d)
A list of numbers or terms arranged vertically, especially in matrices.
223.
computation
a)
Carrying out a mathematical process to determine a result.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic tangent.
c)
The inverse of the cotangent function. Also written arc-cotangent, actn, cot-1, cotan-1, or ctn-1.
d)
The "if" part of a conditional statement. It is the part of a conditional statement such that if the antecedent is true, then the other part (the consequent) must also be true.
224.
concave
a)
Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
b)
A number that has both a real part and an imaginary part, written in the form a + ib, in which a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1 (that is, i2 = -1).
c)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
d)
Figures that have the same shape and the same size.
225.
concentric circles
a)
Circles that share the same center.
b)
The magnitude of a number regardless of its sign. Hence, the absolute value of a number "n" is always positive or zero, written as |n|. When the number "n" is represented on a number line, its absolute value is the distance from the origin to that number.
c)
Another name for width.
d)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
226.
concentric spheres
a)
Spheres that share the same center.
b)
A triangle in which all three interior angles are acute (less than 90°).
c)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
d)
A property of a statistical sample that makes sample results unrepresentative of the entire population.
227.
conclusion
a)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
b)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
c)
A set containing its endpoints and all the appropriate numbers in between.
d)
A measure of the precision of a measurement or value of a quantity.
228.
concurrent lines
a)
Lines that all pass through the same single point.
b)
Lines that all pass through the same single point.
c)
A method of defining the position of a point by its perpendicular distance from two or more reference lines.
d)
The intersecting point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse.
229.
conditional convergence
a)
Denoting the situation in which a series converges but diverges when its terms are replaced by their absolute values.
b)
An imaginary line or one of the lines on a figure that divides the figure into two parts that are mirror images of each other.
c)
The overall interest earned on investment when the total interest earned in each period is added back to the original capital.
d)
A table showing the months, weeks, and days for a specific year.
230.
conditional statement
a)
A logical statement consisting of a hypothesis and a conclusion. (If-then statement)
b)
A unit of length in the metric system, equal to 1/100 of 1 meter.
c)
If the complex numbers z1 and z2 are represented by the points P1 and P2 in the complex plane in which z1=a+bi and z2=c+di, then z1+z2=(a+c)+(b+d)i. z1+z2 can be represented in the complex plane by such a point Q that OP1QP2 forms a parallelogram.
d)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
231.
cone
a)
A solid formed by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
b)
The angle between a line and a plane is defined as the angle between the line and its orthogonal projection on the plane.
c)
A cone whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cone.
d)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
232.
congruent
a)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
b)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
c)
The constant difference between any two successive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
d)
Designating the situation in which two things weigh the same or have the same quantity.
233.
congruent figures
a)
Figures that have the same shape and the same size.
b)
The number used with a variable exponent to form an exponential function, such as the number 2 in y = 2x.
c)
A pair of angles that add up to 90°. As shown, symbol angle1 is the complementary angle of symbol angle2.
d)
An angle with a measure between 0° and 90°.
234.
congruent polygons
a)
Polygons that have all corresponding sides and all corresponding angles congruent.
b)
A set containing its endpoints and all the appropriate numbers in between.
c)
An infinite series that has a finite sum.
d)
Intuitively speaking, curved away from the eye. A concave figure is a set of points some of whose chords include points that are in the set.
235.
conic sections
a)
The four curves - circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
b)
Also called order property of addition. This property means that addends can be added in any order and the sum is always the same.
c)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
d)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
236.
conical
a)
Shaped like a cone.
b)
An initial proposition or statement that is generally accepted as true without proof (self-evident truth) and from which further statements, or theorems, can be derived by using logical deduction.
c)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
d)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
237.
conjecture
a)
A suggestion or statement that seems to be true based on some preliminary investigations, but has not yet been proved.
b)
A straight line or a plane that divides a line, a plane, an angle, or a shape into two equal parts.
c)
The range used to divide the set of possible numerical values when working with large amounts of data.
d)
The process of combining two or more vectors into one equivalent vector, represented by the symbol +.
238.
conjugate angles
a)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
b)
Any chosen nonparallel vectors whose linear combination is capable of representing any vector in the given system.
c)
The number part in front of the non-numerical symbol(s) in an algebraic expression, signifying multiplication.
d)
A line (or the length of such a line) from the center of a regular polygon to one of its sides, in the direction perpendicular to that side.
239.
conjugate of a complex number
a)
A complex number that reverses the sign of the imaginary part of a given complex number, that is, the conjugate of x + iy is x - iy.
b)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
c)
The number of different symbols used in a particular number system.
d)
A pair of angles that add up to 360°.
240.
conjunction
a)
An "and" statement of this form: "P and Q."
b)
The second part, or the conclusion, of a conditional statement.
c)
A complex number that reverses the sign of the imaginary part of a given complex number, that is, the conjugate of x + iy is x - iy.
d)
Another name for independent variable.
241.
consecutive
a)
Following on from each other in order.
b)
Denoting any figure that is neither symmetrical about a line nor symmetrical about a point.
c)
A number whose value never changes.
d)
Denoting the situation in which a series converges but diverges when its terms are replaced by their absolute values.
242.
consequent (in logic)
a)
The second part, or the conclusion, of a conditional statement.
b)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
c)
Polygons that have all corresponding sides and all corresponding angles congruent.
d)
The integer part of a common logarithm.
243.
constant
a)
A number whose value never changes.
b)
The four curves - circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.
c)
Another name for independent variable.
d)
An angle that has its vertex at the center of a given circle.
244.
construct (in geometry)
a)
To draw a figure, usually under certain specific restrictions such as using only a straightedge and compasses.
b)
A number whose logarithm to a given base "a" is a given number, that is, if y = logax, then x is called the antilogarithm of y to the base a.
c)
The midpoint of the vertices of the hyperbola.
d)
A suggestion or statement that seems to be true based on some preliminary investigations, but has not yet been proved.
245.
construction (in geometry)
a)
An additional geometric figure that is constructed to assist in solving a problem or producing a proof.
b)
A judgement or decision obtained based on reasoning.
c)
Also called the modulus of a complex number. The modulus of a complex number z = x + yi, denoted as |z|, is defined as (x2+y2)1/2. It is the distance between the origin and the point representing the complex number.
d)
The maximum distance or value of a varying quantity from its mean or base value, or half the maximum peak-to-peak value of a periodic function such as a simple harmonic motion.
246.
continuous data
a)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic tangent.
c)
A point B that lies on the line connecting two points A and C and has one of the two points on each side of it.
d)
A finite number of steps or routines that detail how to solve a particular problem.
247.
continuous function
a)
A function whose value does not suddenly jump as the variable increases or decreases smoothly.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic tangent.
c)
A traditional English land measure, equal to 4,840 square yards. It is approximately equal to the area that a pair of oxen could plough in a day.
d)
The action of simplifying a fraction or ratio by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
248.
continuous random variable
a)
A random variable that can take on any real-number value within a certain finite or infinite interval.
b)
The additive inverse of a number is the opposite of that number, that is, the additive inverse of a number x is -x. The sum of a number and its additive inverse is always zero, that is, x + (-x) = 0.
c)
A number that is used in counting to indicate quantity but not order. For example, 3 ants and 5 bears.
d)
A tool used to construct circles, draw arcs, and copy line segments.
249.
convenience sample
a)
Readily available people or objects selected to conduct a survey.
b)
Another word for equivalence. It is a compound sentence that holds between a pair of propositions or statements P and Q only when both are true or both are false.
c)
A sequence in which the difference between the nth term and the (n+1)th term decreases as n increases.
d)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
250.
converge
a)
To approach a fixed value.
b)
Planar figures or solid shapes that have the same shape and size.
c)
A frequency distribution of numerical data that shows two distinct peaks (modes).
d)
One of the sides forming a given angle in a triangle or the side between the given angle and the right angle in a right triangle.
251.
convergent sequence
a)
A sequence in which the difference between the nth term and the (n+1)th term decreases as n increases.
b)
Popular name for a logarithm to the base 10.
c)
Data that can take any value (an infinite number of values) within a certain interval.
d)
Readily available people or objects selected to conduct a survey.
252.
convergent series
a)
An infinite series that has a finite sum.
b)
Popular name for a logarithm to the base 10.
c)
A list of numbers or terms arranged vertically, especially in matrices.
d)
The inverse of the cosine function. Also written arc-cosine, arc-cosx, acos, or cos-1.
253.
converse
a)
The newly formed conditional statement by interchanging the "if" part and the "then" part of the original conditional statemen.
b)
The plane (or area) on which a solid object stands. Generally, the base refers to the lower face.
c)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
d)
Also called Argand diagram. In a Cartesian coordinate system, a point can be represented using coordinates (x,y).
254.
Converse of the Pythagorean Theorem
a)
If the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two legs of a triangle, then the triangle is a right triangle.
b)
A cylinder whose base is a circle. It is normally known as cylinder.
c)
A rule in calculus for finding the derivative of a composite function.
d)
Numbers that are easy to calculate mentally. They are often used in estimating a result.
255.
conversion factor
a)
The ratio of a measurement in one unit to the equivalent numerical value in another unit.
b)
Following on from each other in order.
c)
To combine two or more numbers into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
d)
One single line that forms a tangent to two or more different curves. The term is also used for the distance between two tangential points.
256.
conversion graph
a)
A graph that can be used to convert values from one unit to another.
b)
A sequence in which the difference between the nth term and the (n+1)th term decreases as n increases.
c)
Partition something into two equal parts.
d)
A closed, perfectly round curve consisting of all the points that are equidistant from a fixed point inside the curve called the center.
257.
conversion table
a)
A table showing the equivalent numerical values in two or more desired units.
b)
A section of a circle that lies between two points on the circle. Any two points on a circle divide that circle into two arcs; the longer one is called the major arc and the shorter one is the minor arc.
c)
The process of combining two or more numbers into one equivalent number (called sum), represented by the symbol +.
d)
The heart-shaped curve formed by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling around the edge of another circle of the same radius.
258.
convert
a)
To change from one unit of measure to another. (1 yard=36 inches)
b)
A curve that forms a complete loop. It has no end points. If it does not cross itself, it is called a simple closed curve.
c)
Also called binomial theorem. It is a rule for writing out the expansion of (a + b)n without performing all the multiplication involved, in which a and b are any real numbers and n is an integer.
d)
A table showing the equivalent numerical values in two or more desired units.
259.
convex
a)
Intuitively speaking, curved outward or toward the eye.
b)
Another name for independent variable.
c)
The property that states that when adding three or more real numbers, the sum is always the same regardless of their grouping. That is, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
d)
A polynomial representing the addition or subtraction of exactly two distinct terms (e.g., x + y, 2a - 3b, 4hr. + 26min., 8ft. - 9in.).
260.
coordinate geometry
a)
Another name for analytical geometry.
b)
The area of a triangle is equal to half the product of a base (a side) and the height to that base.
c)
The maximum distance or value of a varying quantity from its mean or base value, or half the maximum peak-to-peak value of a periodic function such as a simple harmonic motion.
d)
Describing a set for which a given operation (such as addition and multiplication) gives a result that is also a member of the same set.
261.
coordinate plane
a)
A plane formed by two intersecting and perpendicular number lines used to help locate the position of any point on a map or graph.
b)
The number zero is called the additive identity because the addition of zero does not change the value of any number, that is, x + 0 = 0 + x = x for any given real number x.
c)
Something that is sure to happen. For example, the sun will always rise.
d)
A set in which the limits that define the set are included in the set.
262.
coordinates
a)
A pair of numbers that describe the position of a point on a coordinate plane by using the horizontal and vertical distances from the two reference axes.
b)
One of the numbers that are being added together in a sum.
c)
A random variable that can take on any real-number value within a certain finite or infinite interval.
d)
A number that is used in counting to indicate quantity but not order. For example, 3 ants and 5 bears.
263.
coplanar
a)
Points or lines that all lie in the same plane.
b)
An inverse hyperbolic secant.
c)
A straight line that a curve approaches more and more closely but never touches as the curve goes off to infinity in one direction.
d)
Lines that all pass through the same single point.
264.
corner
a)
The place where two sides of a plane figure meet.
b)
Another word for equivalence. It is a compound sentence that holds between a pair of propositions or statements P and Q only when both are true or both are false.
c)
The inverse of the cosine function. Also written arc-cosine, arc-cosx, acos, or cos-1.
d)
The system regarding the order of operations that computational devices follow to conduct numerical calculations
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