Solute transport by bulk flow (convection) and dispersion

Interphase mass transfer of the adsorbate from the bulk to the outer surface of the adsorbent

Pore diffusion of the solute from the outer surface to the inner pore structure

Surface diffusion and adsorption of the solute onto the outer pore structure

Solute transport in bulk flow (convection) and dispersion

Interphase mass transfer of the adsorbate from the bulk to the outer surface of the adsorbent

Internal mass transfer of the solute from the inner pore structure the outer surface

Surface diffusion and desorption of the solute from the outer pore structure

Correct solute orientation

Release of energy

High surface collision frequency

High bulk temperature

Correct solute orientation

Release of energy

High surface collision frequency

High bulk temperature

The heat of desorption adsorbed

The steep temperature gradient from the surface to the bulk fluid (low T to high T)

The steep concentration gradient from the surface to the bulk fluid (high conc. to low conc.)

The heat of desorption is endothermic

It describes the convection of the feed with known solute in 3 directions.

It involves the porosity of the adsorbent

It involves the Reynolds flow constant

It describes the concentration of the feed at different times and locations.

Frontal adsorption

Integral adsorption

Displacement adsorption

Differential adsorption

Used for purification of large molecules and biomolecules in fixed-bed absorbers

Introduction of strongly adsorbed solute into the fed at near-bed saturation

Solute concentration and loading front changes with the location of the bed

Feed is continuous until the saturation of the bed

$\frac{1}{k_c}$

$\frac{R_p}{5\epsilon_pD_e}$

$\frac{3}{R_pk_a\epsilon_p}$

$\frac{K_d}{1+K_d}$