WorksheetsUnit 6 AP Psych Developmental Psychology
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 2mins
Dr. Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) ______________ psychologist.
social
cognitive
developmental
experimental
industrial-organizational
In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of
conservation
deduction
attachment
object permanence
Piaget held that egocentrism is characteristic of the
sensorimotor stage
preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
formal operational stage
During which stage of cognitive development do children acquire object permanence?
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
Newborns vigorously root for a nipple when
their foot is tickled.
their cheek is touched.
they hear a loud noise.
they make eye contact with their caregiver.
The Harlows' studies of attachment in monkeys showed that
provision of nourishment was the single most important factor motivating attachment.
a cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response.
whether a cloth or wire mother was present mattered less than the presence or absence of other infants.
attachment in monkeys is based on imprinting.
When psychologists discuss maturation, they are referring to stages of growth that are NOT influenced by
conservation
nature
nurture
continuity
The developmental theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is
Jean Piaget
Harry Harlow
Lev Vygotsky
Erik Erikson
Research findings on infant motor development are consistent with the idea that
cognitive development lags significantly behind motor skills development.
maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience.
in the absence of relevant earlier learning experiences, the emergence of motor skills will be slowed.
in humans, the process of maturation may be significantly altered by cultural factors.
Temperament refers to a person's characteristic
emotional reactivity and intensity.
attitudes.
behaviors.
role-related traits.
Which of the following most accurately expresses the extent of parental influence on personality?
It is more extensive than most people believe.
It is weaker today than in the past.
It is more limited than popular psychology supposes.
It is almost completely unpredictable.
Research studies have found that when infant rats and premature human babies are regularly touched or massaged, they
become attached to the person doing the touching.
develop faster neurologically.
have more agreeable temperaments.
do none of these.
According to Erikson, the central challenges pertaining to adoloescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are
identity formation, intimacy, generativity
intimacy, identity formation, generativity
generativity, intimacy, identity formation
intimacy, generativity, identity formation
A person's general ability to think abstractly is called ______________ intelligence. This ability generally _______________ with age.
fluid; increases
fluid; decreases
crystallized: decreases
crystallized; increases
Among the hallmarks of growing up are a girl's first mentrual period, which is called
puberty
menopause
menarche
generativity
An older person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Erikson's stage of
generativity
intimacy
isolation
integrity
According too Piaget, the abilioty to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the stage of
preoperational thought
concrete operations
formal operations
fluid intelligence
The cognitive ability that has been shown to decline during adulthood is the ability to
recall new information
recognize new information
learn meaningful new material
use judgment in dealing with daily life problems
Which of the following statements concerning effects of aging is true?
Aging almost inevitably leads to total memory failure if the individual lives long enough.
Aging increases susceptibilty to short-term ailments such as the flu.
Significant increases in life satisfaction are associated with aging.
The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activity pattern.
Longitudinal research
compares people of different ages.
studies the same people at different times in their lives.
usually involves a larger sample than does cross-sectional research.
usually involves a smaller sample than does cross-sectional research.
Adolescence is marked by the onset of
an identity crisis
parent-child conflict
the concrete operational stage
puberty
Of the following, which is a possible cause of dementia?
stroke
brain tumor
alcohol dependence
all of the choices are possible causes
The end of menstruation is called
menarche
menopause
midlife crisis
generativity
T/F
At birth, the brain and nervous system are fully developed.
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
The sequence in which children develop motor skills varies from one culture to another.
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
Current research shows that young children are more capable and development is more continuous than Piaget believed.
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
Intelligence declines throughout adulthood.
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
By age 50, most adults have experienced a "midlife crisis".
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
Compared with those who are younger, older people are more susceptible to short-term ailments such as the flu and colds.
TRUE
FALSE
T/F
The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are an intensified version of normal aging.
TRUE
FALSE
Stranger anxiety develops soon after
the concept of conservation
egocentrism
a theory of mind
the concept of object permanence
Which is the correct sequence of Piaget's cognitive development?
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational,
preoperational
sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational,
concrete operational
A child can be born a drug addict because
drugs used by the mother create genetic defects in her chromosomes.
addiction is an inherited personailty trait
drugs used by the mother will pass into the child's bloodstream
the fetus' blood has not developed aa resistance to drugs
A child whose mother drank heavily when she was preganant is at a heightened risk of
being emotionally excitable during childhood
becomin insecurely attached
being born with physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal alcohol syndrome
addiction to a range of drugs throughout life
Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?
zygote, fetus, embryo
zygote, embryo, fetus
embryo, zygote, fetus
embryo, fetus, zygote
The term critical period refers to
prenatal development
the initial 2 hours after a child's birth
the preoperational stage
a restricted time for learning certain things
Which of the following was NOT found by the Harlows in socially deprived monkeys?
THey had difficulty mating
They showed extreme fear or aggression when first seeing other monkeys
They showed abnormal physical development
The females were abusive mothers
Most people's earliest memories do not predate ____________ of age.
6 months
1 year
2 years
3 years
Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mothers in an unfamiliar setting often will
hold fast to their mothers on their return
explore the new surroundings confidently
be indifferent toward their mothers on their return
display little emotion at any time
Of the following, parents are most likely to influence their children's
temperament
personality
faith
emotional reactivity
The selection effect in peer influence refers to the tendency of children and youth to
naturally separate into same-sex playgroups
establish large, fluid circles of friends
seek out friends with similar interests and attutudes
choose friends their parents like
Providing a child with a stimulating educational environment during early childhood is likely to
ensure the formation of a strong attachment with parents
foster the development of a calm, easygoing temperament
prevent neural connections from degenerating
enable the child to develop motor skills at an earlier age
Cross-sectional research
compares people of different ages with one another
studies the same group of people at different times
tends to paint too favorable a picture of the effects of aging on intelligence
is more appropriate than longitudinal research for studying intellectual change over a life span
The social clock refers to
an individual or society's distribution of work and leisure times
adulthood responsibilities
typical ages for starting a career, marrying, and so on
age-related changes in one's circle of friends
Teratogens are
physical abnormalities in the developing fetus
cognitive abnormalities in the developing fetus
chemicals and viruses that cross the placenta and may harm the developing fetus
fertilized eggs
After their grown children have left home, most couples experience
the distress of the empty nest syndrome
greater happiness and enjoyment in their relationship
increased strain in their marital relationship
the need to have their children visit often
Underlying Alzheimer's disease is deteriorization in neurons that produce
acetylcholine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
seratonin
A person's accumlation of stored information called ______________ intelligence, generally ____________ with age.
fluid; decreases
fluid; increases
crystallized; decreases
crystallized; increases
Research on the American family indicates that
fewer than 23 percent of unmarried adults, but nearly 40 percent of married adults, report being "very happy" with life
the divorce rate is now one-half of the marriage rate
children born to cohabiting parents are 5 times nore likely to experience their parents separation
all of these staements are true
Research has demonstrated that children have very few, if any, conscious memories of events before age 4. Which of the following is most likely immature and therefore responsible for this infantile amnesia?
reticular formation
medulla
hippocampus
somatosensory cortex
Konrad Lorenz found that ducklings imprinted to the first moving object they see right after hatching. If ducklings saw Lorenz during this time, they followed him wherever he went and could not unlearn this behavior. Imprinting must occur during
the sensorimotor stage
a critical period
the identity stage of psychosocial development
a zone of proximal development
Compared to when he was younger, 4-year-old Anthony is better able to empathisize with his friend's feelings. This growing ability to take another's perspective indicates that Anthony is acquiring a
self-concept
schema
temperament
theory of mind
Calvin, who is trying to impress his psychology professor with his knowledge of infant motor skill development, asks why some infants learn to roll over before they lift their heads from a prone position, while others develop these skills in the opposite order. What should Calvin's professor conclude from this question?
Calvin clearly understands that the sequence of motor development is not the same for all infants.
Calvin doesn't know what he's talking about. Although some infants reach these developmental milestones ahead of others, the order is the same for all infants.
Calvin needs to be remindes that rolling over is an inherited reflex, not a learned skill.
Calvin understands an important principle: Motor development is unpredictable.
Shawna is a very demanding parent. She is strict and expects her orders to be beyed without question. If her children disobey, she withholds her affection from them. Shawna's parenting style is most likely
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
neglecting
During childhood, connections between neurons increase. However, in adolescence, neurons that are underutilized are removed. This process is called
the all-or-none response
the refractory period
habituation
pruning
Pam took her 8 month old, Lisa, to the pediatrician. When the doctor reached to take the child for her exam, Lisa began to cry and cling to her mother. Lisa is showing signs of
stranger anxiety
habituation
imprinting
conservation
Gerald is a fussy baby who does not like to be held, startles easily, and cries often. Gerald's characteristic pattern of behaving is referred to as
habituation
temperament
animism
andogyny
When 2 year old Andi has some bright red color dabbed on her nose, she immediately touches her nose when shown her face in the mirror. It appears that Andi has developed
object permanence
self-concept
basic trust
secure attachment
What was the key feature in the parenting style of those tested in Mary Ainsworth's strange situation procedure that led to a secure attachment between the toddlers and their mothers?
postconventional reasoning
demands of obedience
little use of punishment
responsinveness to a child's needs
Researchers were interested in how reasoning ability may change across life span. Researchers tested 5,000 individuals at 7-year intervals beginning in 1956. This research technique is called a(n)
case study
longitudinal study
experiment
natualistic observation
John Bowlby suggested that infants were biologically preprogrammed to form attachments with others because doing so helps infants survive. Bowlby's beliefs illustrate which of the following perspectives in psychology?
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
Albert Bandura believed children learn to be aggressive by observing and imitating an adult modeling such behaviors. Bandura would most likely be associated with which of the following perspectives<
psychodynamic
social-cognitive
humanistic
biological
As a child observes, liquid is transferred from a tall, thin, tube into a short, wide jar. The child is asked if there in now less liquid in order to determine if she has mastered
the schema for liquids
the concept of object permanence
the concept of conservation
the ability to reason abstractly
I am a 14 month old fearful of strangers. I am in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
I am 3 years old, can use language and have trouble taking another person's perspective. I am in Piaget's ____ stage of cognitive development.
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
Four year old Jamil has a younger sister. When asked if if he has a sister, he is likely to answer_______; when asked if his sister has a brother, Jamil is likely to answer____.
yes; yes
no; no
yes; no
no; yes
Joshua and Ann Bishop have a 13-month-old boy.According to Erikson, the Bishops' sensitive, loving care of their child contributes to
the child's sense of basic trust
the child's secure attachment
the child's sense of control
the child's egocentrism
I am a rat whose cortex is lighter and thinner than my littermates. What happened to me?
You were born prematurely.
You suffer from fetal alcohol syndrome.
You were raised in a rich environment.
You were raised in a deprived environment.
Chad, who grew up in the U.S., is more likely to encourage_____ in his future children than Asian-born Hidiyaki, who is more likely to encourage____ in his future children.
obedience; independence
independence; emotional closeness
emotional closeness; obedience
loyalty; emotional closeness
Fourteen old Cassandra feels freer and more open with her friends than wil her family. Knowing this is the case, Cassandra's parents should
be concerned, because deteriorating parent-teen relationships, such as this one, are often followed by a range of problem behaviors.
encourage Cassandra to find new friends.
seek family counseling
not worry, since adolescence is typically a time of growing peer influence and diminshing parental influence.
Thirteen year old Irene has no trouble defeating her 11 year old brother at a detective game that requires following clues in order to deduce a perpetrator of a crime. How might Piaget explain Irene's superiority?
Being older, Irene has had more years of schooling.
Girls develop intellectually at a faster rate than boys.
Being an adolescent, Irene is beginning to develop abstract reasoning skills.
Girls typically have more experience than boys at playing games.
Sixty five year old Calvin cannot reason as well as he could when he was younger. More than likely, Calvin's____ intelligence has declined.
analytic
fluid
crystallized
preoperational
Cross-sectional studies of intelligence are potentially misleading because
they are typically based on a very small and unrepresentative sample of people.
retesting the same people over a period of years allows test peformance to beinfluenced by practice
they compare people who are not only different in age, but of different eras, educational levels, and affluence.
of all of these reasons
Which statement illustrates cognitive development during the course of adult life?
Adults in their forties have a better recognition memory than do adults in their seventies.
Recall and recognition memory both remail strong throughout life.
Recognition memory decreases sharply at midlife.
Adults in their forties have better recall memory thatn adults in their seventies.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the current thinking of developmental psychologists?
Development occurs in a series of sharply defined stages
The first two years of life are the most crucial in determining the personality in most people
The stability of personality in most people tends to increase over the life span
Social and emotional style are among the characteristics that show the least stability over the life span.
Given the test discussion of life satisfaction patterns, which of the following people is likely to report the greatest life satisfaction?
Billy, a 7 year old second grader
Kathy, a 17 year old high school senior
Mildred, a 70 year old retired teacher
too little information to tell
