A tower from which the faithful are called to worship

Military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country

Military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country

small groups of nomadic people in Arabia

A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal

first caliph after death of Muhammad

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

greatest physician of the Muslim world

A Muslim place of worship

A Berber general who led a Muslim army to Spain

Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan

The famous Islamic scientist and philosopher who organized the medical knowledge of the Greeks and Arabs into the Canon of Medicine

a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam

the Muslims of the branch of Islam comprising sects believing in Ali and the Imams as the only rightful successors of Muhammad

The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah.

a leader of prayer in a mosque

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

a follower of the religion of Islam

Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina

Muslims of Spain

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

a popular Muslim literature that included collection of fairy tales, parables, and legends