The oldest written language from the Indo-European family

(a)  

He compared verbal endings in 1816, for example from Sanskrit

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In 1818 he added more languages to his studies, offered the foundation for Grimm's law; origins of the Scandinavian languages and classical languages.

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Who created Grimm's law in 1822?

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Who explained the exceptions in Grimm's Law, which Jacob Grimm was not able to explain? (1875)

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Give the name of the linguistic area that includes: Niger-Congo phylum, Khosian phylum, Nilo-Saharan phylum

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Give the name of a linguistic area that includes: Afro-Asiatic stock, e.g. Cushitic family; Ancient Egyptian and Coptic; Semantic family; Berber family; Chadic family

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Give the name of the linguistic area that includes: Austro-Asiatic phylum; Dravidian phylum, Sino-Tibetan family; Korean, Japanese

(a)  

Give the name of a linguistic area that includes: Austronesian phylum (800 languages); Papuan languages (750); Australian phylum (250); Polynesian group

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Give the name of a linguistic area that includes: North American languages (families or stocks): Eskimo-Eleut family; Uto-Aztecan stock; Mezo-American languages, e.g. Mayan family; South American languages

(a)  

Give the name of the linguistic area that includes: Kartvelian phylum (e.g. South Caucasian, Georgian); Uralic phylum; Altaic phylum (Turkic group, Mongolian group); Indo-European phylum

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100 in celtic language

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100 in Old Indian language

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centum or satem?

Hellenic, Italic, Celtic, Germanic, Hittite, Tocharian

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centum or satem?

Indian, Iranian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Albanian

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(to nie jest pytanie tylko schemat żeby sobie powtórzyć, wpisz w odpowiedzi: a)

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English:

Proto-Indo-European (PIE); give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English

Proto-Germanic (PG) - give the time period

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Periodisation in the development of English:

(North) West Germanic (NWG) - give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English:

Anglo-Frisian (AF) - give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English:

Old English (OE) - give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English:

Middle English (ME) - give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English

New English (NE) - give the time period

(a)  

Periodisation in the development of English

Modern/Present-Day English (MoE) - from when?

(a)  

When was the Norman Conquest?

(a)  

Grimm's Law

W co się zmieniło bh, dh, gh?

(a)  

Grimm's Law

W co się zmieniło p, t, k?

(a)  

Grimm's Law

W co się zmieniło b, d, g?

(a)  

Prawo Vernera

PIE /p t k kw/ -------> PG /b d g gw/ - akcent po głoskach

PIE /p t k kw/ -------> PG /p t k kw/ poprzedzone przez ‘s’, wtedy nie ma zmiany, to poprzedzające ‘s’ jakby blokuje zmianę

(to nie jest pytanie tylko przypomnienie, wpisz w odp: a)

(a)  

doubling or lengthening, for example:

PG /sitjan/ > OE sittan ‘sit’

PG /bidjan/ > OE biddan ‘bid’

(a)  

Which (Anglo-Frisian) process can we see here?

WG /gans/ > OE gōs ‘goose’

WG /munþ/ > OE /muþ/ ‘mouth’

WG * /samft/ > softe

(a)  

What process can be seen here?

PG */bankiz/ > OE benć ‘bench’

(a)  

What process can be seen here?

PG */grasa-/ > OE græs, gærs ‘grass’

PG */ajskōjan/ > OE ascian, axian ‘ask’

(a)  

What process can be seen here?

PG */kuningaz/ > OE cyning ‘king’

PG */mūsiz/ > OE mȳs ‘mice’

(a)  

In which century did Claudius invade Britain, which began the Roman rule in Britain for about 350 years?

(a)  

In which period did Julius Ceasar caused the Invasion on Britain? (this invasion didn't have any effect)

(a)  

When did the Germanic conquest begin?

(a)  

He was a great ruler and was behind the literature development, he translated and employed scribes to translate some books from Latin into the local dialects; a lot of works that were known orally were written down in the dialect of Wessex.

(a)  

Monk, who wrote in the 6th century.

(a)  

(Germanic Conquest) 449, first wave, they came from Jutland, from south, coast (their presence was questioned)

(a)  

(Germanic Conquest) second wave in 477 - 495, they've established Sussex, Wessex, Essex, they came in the south

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(Germanic Conquest) 547, Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia - last wave; northern part of England

(a)  

Kent, Sussex, Essex, Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia

(a)  

Which dialect from Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy is it?

We had very little books available, mainly some documents.

(a)  

Which dialect from Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy is it?

It was the first one that we have written records in, c. 700, texts were written in runes, but not many have survived through time, because of the invasion of the Vikings, the dialect of the earliest writings. (Anglian)

(a)  

Which dialect from Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy is it?

We have some texts, but not enough to reconstruct dialect (Anglian)

(a)  

Which dialect from Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy is it?

9th century - the most important for us; not only in Wessex but also in Sussex and Essex; Alfred the Great is believed to have translated some texts to this dialect, for example text from Orosius (he wrote in Spanish).

(a)  

A stone Anglo-Saxon cross probaby dating from the 8th century.

(a)  

How many Old-English texts are available to us?

(a)  

In which century did the Benedictine Reform happen?

(a)  

What was signed in 878 after the Battle of Edington and who signed it? (2 people); odpowiedzi pisz po przecinkach

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

Kent (probably meant edge)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

Dover (means waters)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

Thames (refers to name of water, river)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

brocc (borsuk, badger)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

Cumb (referring to features of landscape, small valley)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

Gabolrind (means compass)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

pund (means pound)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

flasce (bottle)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

ecet (means vinegar)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

biscop (means bishop)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

castra (camp, settlement), for example in names Chester, Manchester, Winchester, Lancaster

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

til (means till)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

wrang (means wrong)

(a)  

Which language does this borrowing come from? (possible answers: celtic, latin, scandinavian, french)

cnif (meaning knife)

(a)  

A box made of whale bone for jewels or relics, carved around 700 in Northumbria

(a)  

What is the earliest writing that is available in Old English?

(a)  

What is the most frequent writing in Old English?

(a)  

Old English had ... or ... cases. (because instrumental and dative were almost the same)

(a)  

plurals like men, women, geese, mice, teeth

(a)