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Total questions: 111
Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins
Which statement is true?
The UML is a development process for software intensive systems.
The UML is a process-dependent language used for visualizing software artifacts.
The UML is a modeling language for software blueprints.
The UML is a visual programming language.
In which three ways does a structured class differ from a traditional class?
It clearly defines the class boundary via an encapsulation shell.
It brings public interfaces into the class via ports
It shows the role that the class plays.
It defines messages between itself and other classes.
Which is a characteristic of a structured class?
must have one interface for each role it plays
can play only one role, no matter how many objects transact with it
can play multiple roles that vary on the objects that interact with it
is limited to one role, but can have multiple interfaces
Which statement is true about an iterative development process?
Testing and integration take place in every iteration
An iteration focuses on partial completion of selected use-case realizations
It encourages user feedback in later iterations
It is based on functional decomposition of a system
Which two statements are true about interfaces? (Choose two.)
The interface should have a clear purpose
A single interface should include as many possible methods, if not all methods, that may be shared by objects that implement the interface
An interface should be used to restrict which methods are exposed to a client
Classes may have multiple interfaces depending on the purpose of each interface it implements
What is the focus of analysis?
translating functional requirements into code
translating requirements into a system design
translating real-world concepts into solution-oriented objects
translating functional requirements into software concepts
Why is encapsulation important? (Choose two.)
It describes the relationship between two subclasses
It places operations and attributes in the same object
It allows other objects to change private operations and attributes of an object
It prevents other objects from directly changing the attributes of an object
What are analysis classes?
early conjectures on the composition of the system that usually change over time, rarely surviving intact into Implementation
incomplete classes that require a programmer to formalize operation signatures and attribute types before they can be implemented
the classes inside a systems Business Object or Domain Model, in UML form
a prototype of a systems user interface, developed during the Analysis Phase, which allows users to define the systems look and feel
An architect looks at two classes. The first class has the following operations: getName(),getSize(),getTotal(), and findAverage(). The second class has the following operations: getName(),getSize(), findAverage(), findMinimum(), and findMaximum(). The two classes share the same superclass. Which operations are most likely contained in the superclass?
getName(), getSize(), and findAverage()
findMaximum(), findMinimum(), getSize(), and getTotal(
getName(), findAverage(), and findMaximum()
getName(), getSize(), getTotal(), and findAverage()
An architect is responsible for creating an Analysis Model for a system. Which area of focus is essential for the creation of this model?
hardware on which the system will be deployed
behavior of the objects that comprise the system
evolution of analysis classes into design classes
performance requirements of the system
What does a required interface do?
exposes services to anonymous requestors
uses the services that a classifier requires to request from anonymous providers
declares the services that a classifier offers to provide anonymous requestors
exposes methods that the requestor must use
In a sequence diagram, each interaction on the diagram maps to _____.
a choice point on a state diagram
the transition on a state diagram
a state on the diagram
the initial state
Which two questions does the use of multiplicity on relationships allow you to answer? (Choose two.)
Is the relationship mandatory or optional?
How many links can an object of one type maintain with objects of another type?
Is an object of a given type permitted to interact with objects of another type?
Is the relationship between objects permanent or temporary?
What are two important considerations when diagramming state? (Choose two.)
Any time a message is received; there may be a change of state
Any time a message is received; there must be a change of state.
Whenever there is a change of state, there is a transition.
Changing state may not change transition
Which statement is true about circular dependencies?
They do not matter.
They are prohibited.
They must be avoided.
When there are more than two packages, they are irrelevant.
What is the purpose of Architectural Analysis?
to detail the design of the system
to review the architecture of the system
to define a candidate architecture for the system
to define the layers of the architecture
When the interfaces between two classes have been defined from a sequence diagram, the ports are defined by the _____.
interface
operations the class performs
user of the system
attributes passed in the sequence diagram
Which statement is true about attributes?
They cannot change once the object is instantiated.
They change value from object to object of the same class.
They can only be primitives.
They are required for every class.
What are the three purposes of Analysis and Design? (Choose three.)
to provide an organizational context for the system
to transform the requirements into a design of the to-be system
to evolve a robust architecture for the system
to scope the system to be built and describe what it must do
to adapt the design to match the implementation environment
Objects that are polymorphic _____.
must have the same attributes
share all the same operations, and the operations perform the same
can only be implemented through interfaces
may have the same operation names but the operations perform differently
Which is a best practice for nesting structured classes?
should limit the nesting of structured classes to two levels per diagram
should display all substructured classes of a structured class in a single to show the depth of interactions
should be limited to one level of depth, thereby allowing the user to navigate from diagram to diagram to show the next level
should be determined by the architect during the design phase
During Architectural Analysis, a Software Architect wants to reduce the complexity of the system at work and improve its consistency. What should the Software Architect define to accomplish this?
coding rules
use-case realizations
analysis mechanisms
design mechanisms
Which two characteristics do all objects have? (Choose two.)
primitives
state and behavior
interfaces
a unique identity
Analysis classes evolve into _____. (Choose two.)
design classes
subsystems
use-case realizations
design packages
architecture
What happens when a superclass is changed?
All subclasses inherit the change.
The operations of the subclass must be changed.
Additional operations in the subclass that are not associated with the superclass must change.
Only the operations of the superclass are inherited.
Which two statements are true about use-case realization? (Choose two.)
It lists the different steps performed by a use-case.
It provides traceability from Analysis and Design back to requirements.
It is created by the System Analyst.
It describes the use-case in terms of collaborating objects
Which state does NOT contain another state?
Top State
Composite State
Simple State
Bottom State
Which statement is true about grouping elements into a package?
Elements in a package should share a logical, common grouping.
Packages should contain a small number of elements to avoid confusion.
Packages should only be used on large projects requiring a large number of elements.
Packages should not contain other packages.
What are three architectural mechanism categories? (Choose three.)
analysis mechanisms
requirement mechanisms
implementation mechanisms
design mechanisms
In a sequence diagram, what can be defined by the interactions between participants in the interactions?
only services provided by an interface
only services required by an interface
both provided and required services for interfaces
the name of the interface
Which view focuses on the physical realization of the system?
Logical View
Implementation View
Process View
Use-Case View
Which statement is true about an active object?
It is an independent object that can communicate with other active objects asynchronously.
It does not contain state.
It is dependent on the overall system execution.
It is unstructured to allow the class to be manipulated easily.
During Use Case Analysis, what is generally allocated to control classes?
behavior specific to a use-case or part of a very important flow of events
behavior that involves the data encapsulated within the abstraction
behavior that involves communication with an actor
behavior specific to business rule enforcement or workflow
hat are three sources for Key Abstractions identification? (Choose three.)
domain knowledge
requirements
design classes
glossary
What is a named object in UML?
Matt:Employee
:Employee
Matt::Employee
::employee
During Use Case Analysis, an attribute should be used instead of a class when the information _____.
is accessed by operations that only get, set, or perform simple transformations
is related to entities in the Business or Domain Model
needs to be hidden from other parts of the Analysis Model and not shared
is referred to and used multiple times throughout the use-case realization
Which view is NOT part of the RUP 4+1 View Model?
Logical View
Distribution View
Use-Case View
Process View
What are two functions of visual modeling? (Choose two.)
produces a single model that represents all views of the system
improves communication and comprehension among team members
documents important design decisions in the code
documents system behavior and structure before coding the system
During Use Case Analysis, why are analysis mechanisms used?
to reduce complexity and improve consistency by providing a shorthand representation for complex behavior
to simplify the task of creating use-case realizations by providing convenient shorthand for repetitive tasks
to gather common tasks into one place, in order to more easily assign them to developers for
implementation
to verify that designers have performed the analysis task correctly, according to the architects recommendations
Which statement is true about patterns?
Patterns only exist at the Design level.
Patterns provide a common solution to a common problem.
Patterns only exist at the Architectural level.
Patterns are only used during the Elaboration Phase.
During Use Case Analysis, why is it sometimes necessary to supplement the use-case description?
The description of each use-case is not always sufficient for finding analysis classes and their objects
The flow of events in the use-case is sometimes too complex to be implemented
Designers need to know which use-case flows are being developed in the current iteration.
The architect may need to adjust incorrect requirements before giving them to the designers.
In Use Case Analysis, what is the purpose of the Unify Analysis Classes step?
to ensure that each analysis class represents a single well-defined concept, with no overlapping responsibilities
to gather the analysis classes from each use-case realization and bring them into the Design Model
to make sure the responsibilities of each class are consistent and that the class has a well-defined single purpose
to create initial class families by using inheritance to group related classes into tree structures
Which three processes are best suited for UML? (Choose three.)
use-case driven
waterfall development-based
iterative and incremental
architecture-centric
requirements-centric
Architectural layers are commonly modeled in UML using a _____.
package stereotyped <<Layer>>
subsystem stereotyped <<Layer>>
composite class stereotyped <<Layer>>
class diagram entitled Layer
In a state diagram, a state has two transitions. One of the transitions is an internal transition and the other is an external transition. Which state(s) can perform an exit action?
the internal transition only
the external transition only
neither the internal nor the external transition
both the internal and external transitions
Which two statements are true about use-case driven processes? (Choose two.)
Use-cases are concise, simple, and able to be understood by a wide range of stakeholders.
Use-cases help synchronize the content of different models.
Use-cases are a complete list of functional requirements.
Use-cases specify how the system behavior is to be implemented.
Which is the primary function of entity classes?
store and manage information in the system
act as a surrogate or proxy for the actors in a system
wrap data access calls to a systems relational database
marshal information between the tiers in a system
Which is a UML general-purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups?
a class diagram
an activity
a package
a composite diagram
During Use Case Analysis, how many interaction diagrams (sequence or communication) should be drawn for each use-case?
enough of each type to ensure that all responsibilities of participating classes are identified and that most of the flows of events are examined
one for the main flow and one for each alternate flow of events in the use-case
one of each type for the main flow and one of each type for each alternate flow of events in the use-case
one of each type per use-case, with each alternate flow of events shown as an interaction occurrence
In Use Case Analysis, what is the function of boundary classes?
to insulate external forces from internal mechanisms and vice versa
to represent the screens in the user interface
to define the service interfaces exposed by the Business layer
to define entry points or roots into the core Object Data Model
Which statement is true about elements within the subsystem and public visibility?
Only the subset of elements that define the subsystems API should have public visibility
Only the subsystem proxy class should have public visibility
No elements inside the subsystem should have public visibility
Only the elements that reference external classes should have public visibility
What are the two types of dependency that can be used from a subsystem? (Choose two.)
<<uses>> dependency to a subsystem interface
an <<import>> dependency to a package containing used classes
a <<manifest>> relationship to a node in the Deployment model
a <<realize>> relationship to one or more collaboration occurrences
Which task is performed during use-case realization refinement?
identify participating classes
allocate responsibilities among classes
model messages between classes
model associated class relationships
Given the following configuration: Package A, which contains class aClass is in the presentation layer. Package B, which contains a class bClass and an interface bInterface is in the business layer. Package C, which contains cClass is in the data layer. Which is a poor practice?
aClass calls a method in bClass.
aClass has an attribute of type cClass.
aClass realizes bInterface.
bClass realizes bInterface.
In the state of a state machine, a behavior can be defined__________.
before reaching a state
upon reaching a state
upon leaving a state
inside a state
What is a gate?
a parameter that represents a message that crosses the boundary of an interaction or interaction fragment
a defined protocol for accessing the internals of a subsystem
a decision point in a state machine that has more than two alternatives
a set of checkpoints each subsystem design must satisfy before it can be assigned for implementation
When identifying design elements, a simple analysis class will map to a(n)______.
active class
interface
design class
subsystem
In which OOAD activity is the distribution mechanism identified?
Identify Design Elements
Identify Design Mechanisms
Class Design
Architectural Analysis
Identify Design Elements is part of which workflow detail?
Define a Candidate Architecture
Design Components
Perform Architectural
Refine the Architecture
What is the relationship between operation and method?
The terms are synonymous.
An operation describes how a method is implemented.
A method describes how an operation is implemented.
There is no relationship.
Why would you use subsystem interfaces rather than subsystem instances on sequence diagrams?
to make it easier to model subsystems during Subsystem Design
to make use-case realizations easier to change
to ease sequence diagram maintenance when message signatures change
to reduce the number of classes needed to implement the subsystem
Which is an input artifact to the Identify
Design Elements activity?
Deployment Model
Implementation Model
Reference Architecture
Software Architecture Document
What is an important consideration when allocating processes to nodes?
minimizing network traffic
minimizing power consumption
utilizing all available nodes
physical distance between nodes
Which type of mechanism is a connector on a deployment diagram?
backup
communication
transaction
computation
A design mechanism .
captures the key aspects of a solution in a way that is implementation-independent
specifies the exact implementation of the mechanism and is bound to a certain technology, implementation language, or vendor
is the same as a design pattern
assumes some details of the implementation environment, but is not tied to a specific implementation
Additional subsystems can be discovered during
Use Case Design by noting____.
common subflows between objects on several sequence diagrams
similar objects on several sequence diagrams
a consistent series of state transitions for multiple classes involved in a use-case realization
the same design classes involved in more than one use-case realization
Which activities are performed during Use Case Design?
converting analysis classes into design classes and design subsystems
describing persistence-related behavior
describing object interactions that implement interface operations
simplifying sequence diagrams using design classes
Which artifact is used to describe use-case
realizations?
textual use-case descriptions
communication diagrams
state charts
activity diagrams
What defines a subsystems responsibilities?
its internal class behavior
the operations of the interfaces it implements
the use-case realizations in which the subsystem appears
the operations on a class contained within the subsystem
Which is a design mechanism?
Persistency
ObjectStore Object-oriented Database
Distribution
Remote Method Invocation
To begin identifying design mechanisms, you start by categorizing analysis mechanisms. What are three steps in the process of Categorizing Analysis Mechanisms? (Choose three.)
identify characteristic profiles for each analysis mechanism
identify the clients of each analysis mechanism
assign a vendor implementation to each analysis mechanism
group clients according to their use of characteristic profiles
In Subsystem Design, what happens in the step, Distribute Subsystem Responsibilities?
The subsystems responsibilities are allocated to its internal design elements.
Each subsystem is checked to ensure it has a consistent set of responsibilities and inconsistent responsibilities are reassigned to other subsystems.
Libraries and external APIs are identified to realize the subsystem behavior.
Distribution mechanisms are detailed for exposing subsystem interfaces.
In a dependency, through what reference does the client class gain visibility to the supplier?
local reference
parameter reference
global reference
field reference
In which Analysis and Design activity are subsystems mapped to analysis classes?
Architectural Analysis
Identify Design Elements
Identify Subsystems
Incorporate Existing Design Elements
Which design element is used to represent a
concurrent object?
active class
capsule
design class
event
The Describe Distribution activity is where the processes defined in the Describe the Run-time Architecture activity are allocated to .
physical nodes
components
classes
activities
A directed graph of nodes connected by transitions is a diagram
communication
sequence
component
state machine
Use Case Design is part of which workflow detail?
Design Use Cases
Analyze Behavior
Design Components
Design Classes and Subsystems
When does an analysis class map directly to a design class?
when the analysis class uses the <entity> stereotype
when the analysis class represents a single logical abstraction
when the modeling tool supports transformation of Analysis Models to Design
when an analyst has strong design skills
What is a design subsystems primary purpose?
provides configuration management and model organization
encapsulates behavior
packages similar design classes together
represents external systems
Defining the network configuration is the step of the Describe the Distribution activity.
final
first
second
fifth
Supplemental sequence diagram documentation, in the form of notes and scripts, is commonly used for______ . (Choose three.)
describing required timing between messages
providing details about conditional behavior
specifying the attributes for objects that appear in the diagram
correlating extension points in the use case with specific locations in the sequence diagrams
What is used to describe the process of applying a distribution mechanism during implementation?
activity diagram
flowchart
UML pattern and written steps
use-case diagram
What does an underlined attribute indicate?
The attribute is read-only.
The attribute is derived from other attributes.
The attribute uniquely identifies instances.
The attribute is defined at the classifier level instead of the instance level.
With respect to persistence, what are two
functions of transactions? (Choose two.)
ensure that a set of operations is performed either in total, or not at all
enable a designer to selectively define operations that will be executed with priority when there is a shortage of system resources
ensure that sets of objects move from one consistent state to another
simply design work, by providing standardized approaches for representing persistent objects in UML
simplify design work, so that persistence does not need to be explicitly considered during Use Case Design
What are three purposes of Use Case Design? (Choose three)
to refine use-case realizations in terms of interactions
to ensure the completeness of the View of Participating Classes diagrams for each use-case realization
to refine requirements on the operations of design classes
to refine requirements on the operations of design subsystems and/or their interfaces
Which is a Use Case Design output artifact?
analysis classes
design classes
interfaces
the Design Model
Which is an example of an Execution Environment?
Gigabit network switch
virtual private network
J2EE application server
handheld computer
The purpose of Unify Classes and Subsystems is to ensure .
each subsystem has a corresponding subsystem component
all classes are assigned to at most one subsystem
the responsibilities of design elements do not overlap
each defined interface has a cohesive and coherent API
Which is a guideline for encapsulating subsystem interactions on sequence diagrams?
Messages to subsystems should correspond to subsystem interface operations.
Messages from subsystems should correspond to operations of the subsystem component.
During Use Case Design, secondary sequence diagrams should be created to model the interactions within subsystems.
A subsystem should be represented on sequence diagrams using its subsystem component.
Which is an example of a connector?
SCSI Hard Disk
Uninterruptible Power Supply
HTTP protocol*
JDBC class
Which is an input artifact to the Identify Design Elements activity?
Deployment Model
Implementation Model
Reference Architecture
Software Architecture Document
Additional subsystems can be discovered during Use Case Design by noting__________.
common subflows between objects on several sequence diagrams
similar objects on several sequence diagrams
a consistent series of state transitions for multiple classes involved in a use-case realization
the same design classes involved in more than one use-case realization
What is the purpose of the Identify Design Mechanisms activity?
to refine the analysis mechanisms and specify the exact implementation of the mechanism
to provide a conceptual set of services that is used by analysis objects
to refine analysis mechanisms into design mechanisms, based on the constraints imposed by the implementation environment
to define design placeholders in the architecture so the architecting effort remains focused and is less likely to become sidetracked
During Subsystem Design, how many interaction diagrams (sequence or communication) should be created?
at least one interaction diagram per interface operation
one interaction diagram per interface realization
at least one interaction diagram for each use of an external interface
one interaction diagram for each realizing class
Which UML elements are used to describe the physical architecture of a system?
classes and relationships
objects and messages
subsystems and dependencies
nodes and connectors
When identifying interfaces during the Identify Design Elements activity, which statement is true?
Classes should not realize an interface.
Each subsystem realizes only one interface.
Interfaces should be identified before subsystems are created.
Interfaces should be packaged separately from the elements that realize them.
Which statement is true about design subsystems?
They partially encapsulate behavior.
They represent an independent capability with clear interfaces.
They model a single implementation variant.
They can only contain design classes.
Which statement is true about packages and subsystems?
A package cannot contain a subsystem.
A package provides behavior.
A subsystem provides behavior.
You use a package when you need to encapsulate behavior.
On a sequence diagram, what is used to represent a specific subsystem?
an interface that the subsystem realizes
a subsystem proxy
a subsystem component
a subsystem class
Which design element is used to represent a concurrent object?
active class
capsule
design class
event
Which entity has a well-defined boundary and identity that encapsulates state and behavior?
class
object
component
package
Which is a device?
database server
web server
virtual private network
handheld computer
Which 4+1 view is the focus of the Describe Distribution activity?
Logical View
Deployment View
Use Case View
Implementation View
With respect to persistence, what are two functions of transactions? (Choose two.)
ensure that a set of operations is performed either in total, or not at all
enable a designer to selectively define operations that will be executed with priority when there is a shortage of system resources
ensure that sets of objects move from one consistent state to another
simplify design work, so that persistence does not need to be explicitly considered during Use Case Design
simply design work, by providing standardized approaches for representing persistent objects in UML
Which artifact is used to describe use-case realizations?
textual use-case descriptions
communication diagrams
state charts
activity diagrams
What is the purpose of subsystem design?
finalizes the details of each interface implemented by the subsystems in an application
breaks the system up into subsystems in order to allocate subsystems to development teams
defines the behaviors specified in the subsystem's interfaces in terms of collaborations of contained design elements
defines on which tier each subsystem will be implemented and the communication mechanisms used between them
Which three activities are elements of Class Design? (Choose three.)
identify classes and relationships that support implementation of an architecture
identify and analyze state transitions in objects of state-controlled classes
identify classes that model the problem domain
refine relationships, operations and attributes
How many physical nodes should be identified in order to perform the Describe Distribution activity?
zero nodes only
one node only
zero nodes or one node
more than one node
Artifacts are entities that .
host running software
are deployed onto physical nodes
are the result of model transformations
are stored in a browser cache
Which process document describes design mechanisms, any mappings between design mechanisms, and the details regarding their use?
Software Architecture Document
Design Guidelines
Vision Document
Software Development Plan
