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WorksheetsPharm - Cardio Block 1 (Lecture 1/2/3)
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 48mins
The resistance or friction that the arterioles have against the flow of blood
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
The amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
number of beats/minute
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped per beat
Peripheral resistance
Cardiac output
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Stimulation of the SNS will cause all (HR, SV, PR) to rise ***
Stress
Exercise
Pheochromocytoma
Age
are activated to cause vasoconstriction
Alpha-1 receptors
Beta-1 receptors
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
are activated to cause increased HR & force of myocardial contraction
Alpha-1 receptors
Beta-1 receptors
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
causes vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone
Alpha-1 receptors
Beta-1 receptors
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
causes retention of sodium and water
Alpha-1 receptors
Beta-1 receptors
Angiotensin II
Aldosterone
BP =
CO x PR
HR x SV
EDV - ESV
HR x SV
CO x PR
HR x SV
EDV - ESV
SV =
CO x PR
HR x SV
EDV - ESV
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (end diastolic pressure) *stretch*
Preload
Afterload
Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood *squeeze*
Preload
Afterload
Preload increased in
Hypervolemia
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
Heart failure
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction
Afterload increased in
Hypervolemia
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
Heart failure
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction
↑ Preload
↑ SV
↑ EDV
↓ SV
↑ ESV
↓ ESV
↑ Afterload
↑ SV
↑ EDV
↓ SV
↑ ESV
↓ ESV
↑ Inotropy
↑ SV
↑ EDV
↓ SV
↑ ESV
↓ ESV
Drugs that Interfere with the Renin-Angiotensin-aldosterone System (RAAs) ***
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Renin Inhibitors (tekturna)
Alpha Blockers
Beta Blockers
MOA: inhibits conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Renin Inhibitors (tekturna)
Alpha Blockers
Beta Blockers
The “-prils”
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Renin Inhibitors (tekturna)
Alpha Blockers
Beta Blockers
MOA: blocks angiotensin II receptors on target tissue
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Renin Inhibitors (tekturna)
Alpha Blockers
Beta Blockers
The “–artans”
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Renin Inhibitors (tekturna)
Alpha Blockers
Beta Blockers
Drugs that affect the Sympathetic Nervous System
Centrally acting sympatholytics
Neuronal blockers
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
acts on the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata and stimulates inhibitory receptors reducing the activity of sympathetic nerves that control heart rate and CO
Centrally acting sympatholytics
Neuronal blockers
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Clonidine (catapres)
Centrally acting sympatholytics
Neuronal blockers
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Guanethidine causes significant inhibition of sympathetic activity; reserved for hypertension that does not respond to other drugs
Centrally acting sympatholytics
Neuronal blockers
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
smooth muscle contraction, peripheral vascular resistance
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2
cardiac stimulation
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2
responsible for negative feedback to release norepinephrine
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2
Predominant receptor in the heart
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2
Predominant receptor in the smooth muscle of some organs and tissues (skeletal blood vessels and coronary arteries as well as lung)
Alpha 1
Beta 1
Alpha 2
Beta 2
MOA: b blockers inhibit sustained sympathetic nervous system activation
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
Identified by "-olol"
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
will affect heart (decrease sympathetic stimulation & slow down contractions) and lungs (decrease sympathetic bronchodilation leads to bronchoconstriction)
Non-selective beta blockers
Selective beta blockers
-MOA: block alpha-1 receptor binding of epinephrine & norepinephrine
-Results in vasodilation
-Reduces peripheral resistance (a factor in cardiac workload)
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
The "–zosins"
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
Drugs that affect the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
-Drugs that decrease sympathetic tone will cause vasodilation by increasing the diameter of the vessel
-Drugs that act directly on the vascular smooth muscle also cause vasodilation
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
Arterial dilation; for hypertension; decr afterload ***
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
Venous & arterial (lesser) dilation; for heart failure ***
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
potent vasodilators; nifedipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, etc.
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
effect cardiac conduction, contractility (negative inotropic medication), decr. HR, less vasodilation; verapamil, diltiazem, etc.
Beta blockers
Alpha-1 blockers
Vasodilators
Dihydropyridines (CCB)
Non-dihydropyridines (CCB)
Hypertension, CAD/angina pectoris →
dihydropyridines or non-dihydropyridines
ONLY non-dihydropyridines
Arrhythmias
dihydropyridines or non-dihydropyridines
ONLY non-dihydropyridines
Increase excretion of water and salt from the body
Centrally acting sympatholytics
Neuronal blockers
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers
Diuretics
Medicines that reduce preload
ACEI
BB
Nitrates
Diuretics
CCB
Medicines that reduce afterload
ACEI
BB
CCB
Hydralazine
Nitroprusside
Caution w angioedema
ACEI
ARB
renin inhibitor
K-sparing diuretic
Nonselective beta blocker
Caution w pregnancy
ACEI
ARB
renin inhibitor
K-sparing diuretic
Nonselective beta blocker
Caution w hyperkalemia
ACEI
ARB
renin inhibitor
K-sparing diuretic
Nonselective beta blocker
Avoid in Asthma/COPD
ACEI
ARB
renin inhibitor
K-sparing diuretic
Nonselective beta blocker
Caution bradycardia
Beta blocker
Non-DHP
Alpha 2 agonist
Thiazide
Loop
Avoid in heart failure
Beta blocker
Non-DHP
Alpha 2 agonist
Thiazide
Loop
Avoid in gout
Beta blocker
Non-DHP
Alpha 2 agonist
Thiazide
Loop
Caution hypokalemia or hyponatremia
Beta blocker
Non-DHP
Alpha 2 agonist
Thiazide
Loop
Antihypertensive medications for Heart Failure
BB +/- ACEI/ARB
ACEI (preferred)/ARB
CCB or Thiazide
Antihypertensive medications for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD)
BB +/- ACEI/ARB
ACEI (preferred)/ARB
CCB or Thiazide
Antihypertensive medications for Chronic Kidney Disease
BB +/- ACEI/ARB
ACEI (preferred)/ARB
CCB or Thiazide
Antihypertensive medications for African Americans (unless CKD or other compelling indications)
BB +/- ACEI/ARB
ACEI (preferred)/ARB
CCB or Thiazide
Antihypertensive medications for pregnancy
Nifedipine ER
Labetalol
Methyldopa
Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Preferred BBs for Heart Failure ***
Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol succinate
Metoprolol tartrate
Atenolol
Which BB should be avoided in SIHD
Bisoprolol
Carvedilol
Metoprolol succinate
Metoprolol tartrate
Atenolol
predominately vasodilate
DHPs
Non DHPs
decrease cardiac contractility/conduction
DHPs
Non DHPs
ACEI
Enalapril
Candesartan
Amlodipine
Furosemide
Aliskiren
ARB
Enalapril
Candesartan
Amlodipine
Furosemide
Aliskiren
DHPs (CCB)
Enalapril
Candesartan
Amlodipine
Furosemide
Aliskiren
Loop
Enalapril
Candesartan
Amlodipine
Furosemide
Aliskiren
Renin inhibitor
Enalapril
Candesartan
Amlodipine
Furosemide
Aliskiren
Alpha-1 Blocker
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Doxazosin
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Alpha-2 Agonist
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Doxazosin
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Direct vasodilators
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Doxazosin
Hydralazine
Minoxidil
Non-DHPs
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Hydrocholorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Thiazides
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Hydrocholorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
K-Sparing/Aldosterone Antagonist
Triamterene/HCTZ
Eplernone
Spironlactone
K-sparing
Triamterene/HCTZ
Eplernone
Spironlactone
Selective beta blocker
Atenolol
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
Nadolol
Nebivolol
Selective beta blocker
Metoprolol succinate
Metoprolol tartate
Acebutolol
Carvedilol
Nadolol
Nonselective beta blockers
Nadolol
Propanolol
Timolol
Nebivolol
Atenolol
Nonselective Beta/Alpha-1 Blockers
Carvedilol
Labetolol
Nebivolol
Bisoprolol
Atenolol
