For the offence of ulterior modification, the unauthorised modification must be permanent and not merely temporary.

Any electronic gadgets that can execute logical, arithmetic, storage or display functions will be statutorily regarded as a computer in Malaysia.

In the case of Toh See Wei v. Teddric Jon Mohr & Anor, Abdul Wahab JC has underlined the disruptive nature of the new technologies that can cause a conflict between piracy and data protection.

Careless access to an unauthorised computer system will not lead to the commission of a basic hacking offence under the Malaysian law.

The spread of malicious software or computer worms on the Internet will fall outside the scope of ulterior intent offence.

A person may be charged with the offence of unauthorised communication of password even though he has no intention of committing such a crime.

The commission of computer fraud in Malaysia is governed by section 4 of the Computer Crimes Act 1997.

The right to personal liberty has been judicially ruled to encompass the right to privacy, but an individual cannot rely on Article 5 of the Federal Constitution to initiate his claim against other individuals for invasion of privacy.

The right to privacy includes the right to live without undue interference by the government or any private individual in matters which are not in the public interest.

Which of the following electronic devices are regarded as a computer under the Malaysian law?

I.      Portable calculator

II.     ATM card

III.   Point of sale machine

IV.   Automated typewriter

V.    Smartphone

Crimes committed in the electronic environment in Malaysia may be charged under the following statutes:

I.      Computer Crimes Act 1997

II.     Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998

III.   Penal Code

IV.   Defamation Act 1957

Ali has knowingly accessed a system in his office which is beyond his authority and has modified the system and caused it temporarily inaccessible by all users. Thus, Ali has committed the following offences under the Malaysian law:

I.        Basic hacking

II.      Hacking

III.     Unauthorised modification

IV.    Improper use of network facilities or network services

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the right to privacy:

I.        Article 5 of the Federal Constitution expressly provides for the right to privacy in Malaysia.

II.      The constitutional right to personal liberty in Malaysia has been ruled to preclude the right to privacy.

III.     Invasion of privacy rights has never been recognised by local courts as a cause of action in Malaysia.

IV.    The tort of invasion of privacy is a recognised tort under the English common law.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in tackling online privacy:

I.        The ISPs in the UK and Australia are statutorily obliged to block access to any websites that have infringed copyright materials once injunctions are issued against them.

II.      Copyright owners in Malaysia and Australia may warn their subscribers who have infringed any copyright materials that their accounts may be suspended or terminated under the copyright statutes.

III.     ISPs in the UK and Malaysia are empowered to disable access to websites which have published copyrighted materials.

IV.    An ISP in Malaysia may be liable for copyright infringements if it fails to remove copyrighted materials from its services within 2 days from the receipt of a notification from the copyright owner.

Which one of the following cases that has recognised the development of privacy laws in Malaysia?

A. Sherinna Nur Elena bt Abdullah v. Kent Well Edar Sdn Bhd [2014] 7 MLJ 298

B. Lew Cher Phow @ Lew Cha Paw & Ors v. Pua Yong Yong & Anor [2009] 1 LNS 1256

C. Mohamad Izaham Mohamed Yatim v. Norina Zainol Abidin & Ors [2015] 7 CLJ 805

D. Dr Bernadine Malini Martin v. MPH Magazine Sdn Bhd & Ors [2010] 7 CLJ 525

E. Ultra Dimension Sdn Bhd v. Kook Wei Kuan [2004] 5 CLJ 285

Wow Animation Studios has on 26 February 2020 noticed that their newly released movie, Agent Baby Pian, has been uploaded in Perompak Movie, a website that facilitates file-sharing of copyrighted materials. Two days later, Wow Animation Studios notified all local Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to disable access to Perompak Movie.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the legal implications of the notification issued to all ISPs in Malaysia:

I.        TIMENet and TM Net are obliged to comply with the notification not later than 1 March 2020.

II.      Streamyx and Unifi will be imposed with liability for infringing copyright materials if they block their users’ access to Perompak Movie on 28 February 2020.

III.     If Perompak Movie issued counter-notification to all local ISPs, Celcom and Maxis Communication must enable access to the disputed website within seven days from the receipt of such counter-notification

All of the followings are regarded as sensitive personal data under the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act 2010 EXCEPT:

A.    Political preference

B.    Religious belief

C.    Mental health

D.    Physical condition

E.    Identity card number

All of the followings are rights of a data subject EXCEPT:

A.    Right of access to personal data.

B.    Right to be forgotten.

C.    Right to correct personal data.

D.    Right to erase personal data that is no longer required.

E.    Right to prevent the collection of data that is likely to cause damage or distress.

The Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA) applies to ___________.

A.    personal data processed within and outside the country.

B.    all data users including the state governments and the Government of Malaysia.

C.    personal data processed for the purpose of family and household affairs.

D.    personal data of the living as well as dead people.

E.    personal data in relation to commercial and personal transactions.