Whistle-blowing occurs when an employee discloses illegal or unethical conduct by others within the organization.

Social responsibility is the set of obligations that an organization has to protect and enhance the societal context in which it functions

Organizational culture is the set of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that helps the members of the organization understand what it stands for, how it does things, and what it considers important.

Thetechnological dimension refers to the methods available for converting resources into products or services.

The product life cycle is a three-stage model that shows how sales volume changes over the life of products.

Related diversification is used by those organizations that manufacture just one product or service and sell it in a single geographic market.

Contingency planning is the determination of alternative courses of action to be taken if an intended plan of action is unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate. It usually involves various action points that identify the need to use alternative plans.

Under a tstae of risk,, the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with probability estimates.

Escalation of commitment occurs when decision makers make a decision and become so committed to it that they stay with it, even when it appears to. have been wrong