WorksheetsEquipment 2
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 26mins
Which x-ray tube component does the number 7 in Figure 5-4 indicate?
Anode stem
Rotor
Stator
Focal track
Select the three correct statements regarding the structures identified as numbers 6 and 7 in Figure 5-4?
A. They operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction
B. Number 6 is the stator
C. They function to produce thermionic emission
D. They function to rotate the anode
E. They operate on the principle of self-induction
F Number 6 is the rotor
(a)
The total brightness gain of an image intensifier is the product of
1. flux gain
2. minification gain
3. focusing gain
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
The advantages of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductors) over CCDs (charge coupled devices) include which of the following?
1. Less expensive
2. Much greater speed
3. Better image quality
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following occurs during Bremsstrahlung (Brems) radiation production?
An electron makes a transition from an outer to an inner electron shell
An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy
A high-energy photon ejects an outer-shell electron
A low-energy photon ejects an inner-shell electron
Which of the following are the functions of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS)?
1. Processing of digital images
2. Reception of digital images
3. Storage of digital images
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
How many half-value layers will it take to reduce an x-ray beam whose intensity in 88 mGy/min to anintensity of less than 12 mGy/min?
2
3
4
8
Which of the following functions to increase the milliamperage?
Increase in charge of anode
Increase in heat of the filament
Increase in kilovoltage
Increase in focal spot size
As a general rule, a grid is usually used when
1. less patient dose is required
2. using high kV
3. radiographing a large or dense body part
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following combinations will offer the greatest detail sharpness?
17° target angle, 1.2-mm actual focal spot
10° target angle, 1.2-mm actual focal spot
17° target angle, 0.6-mm actual focal spot
10° target angle, 0.6-mm actual focal spot
Which number in the Figure 5-5 represents magnification mode?
Number 1
Number 2
Number 7
Number 8
Which number in the Figure 5-5 represents electrostatic focusing lens?
Number 5
Number 6
Number 4
Number 2
Advantages of CCDs over the use oftelevision cameras include which of the in image intensification following?
1. Compact size
2. Improved resolution
3. Higher DQE
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is necessary to determine the maximum safe kilovoltage using the appropriate x-ray tube rating chart?
1. Milliamperage and exposure time
2. Focal Spot Size
3. Imaging system speen
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Spatial resolution in computed radiography increases as
1, monitor matrix size decreases
2. PSP crystal size decreases
3. laser beam size decreases
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
The voltage across the x-ray tube in three-phase equipment
1. drops to zero every 180°
2. is 87%-96% of the maximum value
3. is at nearly constant potential
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
Which of the following would be appropriate IP front material(s)?
1. Tungsten
2. Magnesium
3. Bakelite
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
If the distance from the focal spot to the center of the collimator's mirror is 6 inches, what distance should the illuminator's light bulb be from the center of the mirror?
3"
6"
9"
12"
The image intensifier's input phosphor generally is composed of
cesium iodide
zinc cadmium sulfide
gadolinium oxysulfide
calcium tungstate
The essential function of an AEC is to
provide a brighter fluoroscopic image
automatically restrict the field size
terminate the x-ray exposure once the IR is correctly exposed
automatically increase or decrease incoming line voltages
Grid interspace material can be made of
1. carbon fiber
2. aluminum
3. plastic fiber
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
If the primary coil of a high-voltage transformer is supplied by220 V and has 400 turns and the secondary coil has 100,000 turns, what is the voltage induced in the secondary coil?
80 kV
55 kV
80 V
55 V
Which of the following circuit devices operate(s) on the of self-induction? principle
1. Autotransformer
2. Rectifiers
3. High-voltage transformer
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
When the radiographer selects kilovoltage on the control panel, which device is adjusted?
Step-up transformer
Autotransformer
Filament Circuit
Rectifier Circuit
The brightness level of the fluoroscopic image can vary with
1. milliamperage
2. kilovoltage
3. patient thickness
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following does Figure 5-6 represent?
Compton Scatter
Bremsstrahlung radiation
photoelectric effect
Characteristic radiation
Guidelines regarding the use, carc, andmaintenance of protective lead aprons include (select three) which of the following?
They should be hung on a rack or draped over a bar when not in use
Federal law requires a minimum Pbequrvalent of 0.25 mm
They should be folded carefully and scored safely when not in use
They should be x-rayed semiannually to detect any cracks
They protect from scatter and leakage radiation
A change in the size of the actual focal spot will cause a change in (select three)
detail sharpness
image contrast
effective focal spot size
spatial resolution
image brightness
All of the following are associated with tje anode except
the line-focus principle
the heel effect
the focal track
thermionic emission
Which part of an induction motor is located within the I-ray tube glass envelope?
Filament
Focusing cup
stator
Rotor
Regulations governing quality control of imaging equipment include (select three) which of the following?
The variation in X-ray intensity for a given exposure must not exceed 10%
Beam alignment must be accurate to within 2% of the SID
The control panel must indicate when the x-ray tube is energized
Linearity variation must not exceed 20% when testing mA stations
Total filtration must be at least 2.5-mm Al equivalent for 70 kV and above
As electrons impinge on the anode surface, less than 1% of their kinetic energy is changed to
x-rays
heat
gamma rays
recoil electrons
Morning theimage intensifier closer to the patient during fluorosco!
1. decreases the SID
2. decreases patienterne
3. impeures image quality
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Figure 5-7 illustrates the
inverse-square law
line-focus principle
reciprocity law
anode heal effect
. Although the stated focal spot size is measured directly under the actual focal spot, focal spot size actually varies along the length of the x-ray beam. At which portion of the x-ray beam is the effective focal spot the smallest?
At its outer edge
Along the path of the central ray
At the cathode end
At the anode end
Which of the following X-ray circuit devices is located in the secondary/high-voltage portion of the x-ray circuit?
The timer
the kilovoltage meter
the milliamperage meter
the autotransformer
Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy?
1. Higher patient dose than nonmagnification fluoroscopy
2. Higher voltage to the focusing lenses
3. Image intensifier focal point closer to the input phosphor
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Advantages of battery-powered mobile x-ray units include their
1. ability to store a large quantity of energy
2. ability to store energy for extended periods of time
3. ease of maneuverability
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
The device that receives the remnant beam, converts it into light, and then increases the brightness of that light is the
charge coupled device (CCD)
spt image device
image intensifier
television monitor
Off-focus, or extrafocal, radiation is minimized by
avoiding the use of very high kilovoltages
restricting the x-ray beam as close to its source as possible
using compression devices to reduce tissue thickness
avoiding extreme collimation
Which of the following factors contribute(s) to the efficient performance of a grid?
1. Grid ratio
2. Number of lead strips per inch
3. Amount of scatter transmitted through the grid
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
The AEC device operates on which of the following principles?
1. Delivery of the required exposure time
2. A parallel-plate ionization chamber charged by X-ray photons
3. Motion of magnetic fields inducing current in a conductor
1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 3
If 92 kV and 15 mAs were used for a particular abdominal exposure with single-phase equipment, what milliampere seconds value would be required to produce a similar radiograph with three-phase, 12-pulse equipment?
36
24
10
7.5
The kilovoltage settings on radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate to within
+/- 2 kV
+/- 4 kV
+/- 6 kV
+/- 8 kV
Bone densitometry is often performed to
1. measure degree of bone (de)mineralization
2. evaluate the results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy
3. evaluate the condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
Required corrections made to “raw” digital image data that occur as a result of inherent flaws in the image acquisition system is called
preprocessing
postprocessing
windowing
leveling
When using the smaller field in a dual-field image intensifier
1. the image is magnified
2. the image is brighter
3. a larger anatomic area is viewed
1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
In Figure 5-8,what is the maximum safe milliamperage that may be used with a 0.05-5 exposure and 120 kV, using the three-phase, 2.0-mm focal spot x-ray tube?
300 mA
400 mA
500 mA
600 mA
Referring to the anode cooling chart in Figure 5-9, if the anode is saturated with 300,000 heat units (HU), how long will the anode need to cool before another 100,000 HU can be safely applied?
1 min
2 min
3 min
4 min
Which digital postprocessing operation removes image noise?
Edge enhancement
smoothing
aliasing
windowing
