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Coasts

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Identify this coastal landform.

a)

stack

b)

arch

c)

stump

d)

bay

2.

Identify this coastal landform.

a)

beach

b)

lagoon

c)

bay

d)

shore

3.

Identify this coastal landform.

a)

arch

b)

stump

c)

stack

d)

cave

4.

Identify this coastal landform.

a)

headland

b)

spit

c)

tombolo

d)

shore

5.

Identify this coastal landform.

a)

stack

b)

arch

c)

cliff

d)

spit

6.

Which of the following is not a depositional landform?

a)

spit

b)

bay

c)

beach

d)

arch

7.

Which of the following features is NOT formed by wave erosion?

a)

cave

b)

cliff

c)

spit

d)

stack

8.

Select the response which lists the features in the order that they are formed.

a)

arch , cave , stack

b)

cave , arch , stack

c)

cave , stack , arch

d)

stack , arch , cave

9.

How are sand dunes formed?

a)

The sea pushes the sand into hills

b)

The wind blows the sand into hills

c)

They are man made

d)

Rivers push the sand into hills

10.

Which letter is pointing to a spit?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

11.

Letter F is better known as a ___.

a)

Barrier Island

b)

Beach

c)

Tombolo

d)

Spit

12.

What is Hydraulic action?

a)

The weight and impact of water against the coastline which cause cracks/caves to form.

b)

The way a coastal feature transitions into a new feature

c)

The time it takes for erosion to occur

d)

The way a wave moves up the beach and interacts with the coastline.

13.

Abrasion occurs when?

a)

Little rocks get picked up by the waves and smashed on to the cliffs

b)

Small rocks are smashed against each other, making smaller rocks.

c)

Chemicals in the sea water dissolve the rocks

d)

At low tide when animals enter the coastal environment.

14.

Attrition occurs when?

a)

Little rocks get picked up by the waves and smashed on to the cliffs

b)

Small rocks are smashed against each other, making smaller rocks.

c)

Chemicals in the sea water dissolve the rocks

d)

At low tide when animals enter the coastal environment.

15.

What wave type is associated with Erosion?

a)

Constructive Waves

b)

Destructive Waves

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Polar Waves

16.

What wave type is associated with Deposition?

a)

Constructive Waves

b)

Destructive Waves

c)

Radio Waves

d)

Polar Waves

17.
Waves are created by wind 
a)
True 
b)
False 
18.
What is backwash?
a)
Water that runs back into the ocean.
b)
Water that falls forward and moves up the shore.
c)
Tug of war between the drag of the wind and pull of gravity.
d)
Swirling of water in an area.
19.
What are destructive waves?
a)
Waves that are tall and frequent, crashing into shoreline, digging out chunks.
b)
Long and low waves, beginning far out in the sea, with a smooth gentle landing.
c)
The circular movement caused by wind and gravity fighting.
d)
When people wave their hand to aggresively destroy things.
20.
What are constructive waves?
a)
Waves that are tall and frequent, crashing into shoreline, digging out chunks.
b)
Long and low waves, beginning far out in the sea, with a smooth gentle landing.
c)
The circular movement caused by wind and gravity fighting.
d)
When people wave their hand to aggresively destroy things.
21.

What is this type of wave?

a)

Constructive wave

b)

Destructive wave

22.

What type of feature is B?

a)

Cliff

b)

Wave cut platform

c)

Notch

23.

What is 'C' an example of?

a)

Cliff

b)

Wave cut platform

c)

Notch

24.

Which is not a process of wave erosion

a)

corrasion

b)

hydraulic action

c)

attrition

d)

traction

25.

Which is not common to rivers and waves in the removal and transportation of materials

a)

longshore drift

b)

traction

c)

suspension

d)

saltation

26.

The power of waves depend on (CB)

a)

wave height

b)

strength of wind

c)

duration of wind

d)

wave height

27.

A change or bending in the direction of a wave from its original direction is termed

a)

a swash

b)

a plunge

c)

wave refraction

d)

a backwash

28.

The diagram shows the formation of a bay.

Which best explains its formation?

a)

erosion of headland

b)

waves eroding less resistant rocks

c)

mountain ranges submerged at right angles to the coast

29.

Which features are shown in the diagram (CB)

a)

headland

b)

arch

c)

stack

d)

cave

30.

A long narrow accumulation of sand or shingle with one end attached to the land and the other ending in the sea is a/an

a)

tombolo

b)

sandpit

c)

off shore bar

d)

bayhead beach

31.

A bar is

a)

a long narrow deposit of sand and shingle that forms parallel to the coast

b)

a long narrow piece of land that forms parallel to the coast

c)

a deposit of sand and shingle perpendicular to the coast

32.

A breakwater is a/an

a)

artificial harbor

b)

vegetation planted along the coastline

c)

large pile of rocks built parallel to the shore

33.

Coral Reefs are found in shallow, clear, warm water because there is

a)

lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

b)

not lots of sunlight for the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) that live with the polyps

c)

no good reason, it just feels nice

d)

all of these choices are correct

34.

Coral polyps build their homes out of

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

calcium carbonate

c)

calcium manganese

d)

carbon monoxide

35.

Check all the ways that corals are fragile.

a)

They are very productive

b)

Pieces can break off easily

c)

They are very sensitive to changes in water quality

d)

They are sensitive to changes in pH levels.

e)

They make lots of food and oxygen for the reef.

36.

Coral reefs are endangered by

a)

climate change

b)

overfishing

c)

pollution

d)

all of the above

37.

Coral Reefs are found in

a)

tropical waters

b)

waters around the South pole only

c)

sub-tropical waters

d)

A and C

38.

What role do algae play in a coral reef?

a)

They reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the water.

b)

They supply food for the corals.

c)

They help the stony corals and soft corals live together.

d)

They protect the corals from disease.

39.

Most coral reefs are ____________ .

a)

in warm areas near the shore

b)

in warm areas away from the shore

c)

in cold areas near the shore

d)

in cold areas away from the shore

40.

What causes coral bleaching?

a)

oil spills

b)

warmer water temperatures

c)

overfishing

d)

red tide

41.
Which of the following is NOT a type of coral reef?
a)
Fringing reefs
b)
Barrier reefs
Barrier reefs
c)
Atolls
d)
Crustacean 
42.

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

a)

Puerto Rico

b)

Florida

c)

Indonisia

d)

Australia

43.

What threatens coral reefs, in the Caribbean, in the fall?

a)

predators

b)

pollution

c)

hurricanes

d)

elevated temperatures

44.
What is the biggest ecological benefit of coral reefs?
a)
tourism
b)
seafood
c)
habitat
d)
protection of shoreline
45.
What is the biggest economic benefit of coral reefs?
a)
filtration
b)
habitat
c)
tourism
d)
protection of shoreline
46.
A ringed shaped reef
a)
fringing reef
b)
barrier reef
c)
atoll
d)
archipelago 
47.

A type of reef that lies close to the shore.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

archipelago

48.

A reef running parallel to the shore but separated from it by a channel of deep water.

a)

fringing reef

b)

barrier reef

c)

atoll

d)

archipelago

49.

What are 3 common names of Mangrove?

a)

Black Mangroves

b)

Violet Mangroves

c)

Red Mangroves

d)

White Mangroves

e)

Yellow Mangroves

50.

How can Mangroves stand still in the waves?

a)

By their roots

b)

By their stem

c)

By their leaves

51.

Salinity means the level of _______________in the water.

a)

oxygen

b)

salt

c)

nitrogen

d)

salcite

52.

Which of the following is not part of the harsh environments mangroves endure

a)

High salt

b)

Hard ground

c)

Low oxygen

d)

Varying Tides

53.
Mangroves provide a _________________________for small fish before they swim out to the deeper ocean.
a)
Safe breeding ground
b)
Fresh water system
54.
Mangroves protect coastlines from erosion by acting as a natural barrier and flood defence. True or false?
a)
True
b)
False
55.
Brackish means that the water is
a)
only salt water
b)
a mix of fresh and salt water
c)
only fresh water
56.

Identify the water conditions required for mangrove growth:

a)

Saline

b)

Calm

c)

Deep

d)

Shallow

e)

Exposed

57.

Mangrove trees are experts at filtering...

a)

...sediment

b)

...oxygen

c)

...water

d)

...salt

58.

Why are mangroves important at a GLOBAL scale?

a)

Protect against tropical storms

b)

Carbon sinks

c)

Provide employment

d)

Tourism

59.

Which energy source is resulting in the removal of mangrove forests?

a)

Coal

b)

Tidal

c)

Natural gas

d)

Charcoal

60.

Mangrove forests are often found...

a)

...around river estuaries

b)

...around islands

c)

...in open sea

d)

...near to coral reefs

61.

What type of mangrove have a special "root snorkels" called pneumatophores?

a)

red

b)

black

c)

white

d)

blue

62.

Which of the mangrove trees are found the furthest back from the shore?

a)

red

b)

white

c)

black

63.

How do mangroves help protect humans from hurricanes and tsunanis?

a)

They release salt into the air, which neutralizes these events.

b)

The birds, animals, and fish in the mangroves get killed instead of the humans.

c)

They absorb up to 90% of the impact of these events.

d)

This statement is false. Mangroves help cause hurricanes and tsunamis.

64.

Which type of mangrove is seen here?

a)

white

b)

black

c)

purple

d)

red

65.

What type of mangrove is seen here?

a)

white

b)

red

c)

black

d)

yellow

66.

What are these specialized roots?

a)

phragmities

b)

prop roots

c)

onion roots

d)

rhizomes

67.

What are these specialized roots called?

a)

pneumoniacoccus

b)

nematocysts

c)

pnuematophores

d)

matadors

68.

This mangrove is not considered a true mangrove.

a)

Black Mangrove

b)

Buttonwood Mangrove

c)

Red Mangrove

d)

Blue Mangrove

69.

What is the function of these specialized roots?

a)

air exhange

b)

filter bacteria

c)

poke people in the feet

d)

no function

70.

Which of the following is a part or ability breathing roots

a)

~ Lenticels

b)

~ Oxygen Sack

c)

~ Salt filtering ability

71.

Groynes are an effective technique because they slow down the process of what occurring?

a)

Transportation

b)

Longshore drift

c)

Nearshore drift

d)

Deposition

72.

How do groynes work to protect the coastline?

a)

They trap sediment by slowing down longshore drift, thereby building up a wide beach

b)

They absorb wave energy so that the cliffs behind are protected

c)

They act as a hard rock barrier at foot of cliff to provide a buffer again the sea

d)

They allow rapid longshore drift along the coastline

73.

What is the main disadvantage of using groynes?

a)

They can starve other beaches of sediment

b)

Look ugly and unnatural

c)

Expensive

74.

Which two coastal management structures can you see

a)

Sea wall and gabions

b)

Groyne and rock armour

c)

Gabions and groynes

d)

Sea wall and rock armour

75.

A recurved sea wall is effective because it...

a)

Is not particularly expensive

b)

Stops erosion of the coastline

c)

Deflects wave energy back out to sea

76.

What are gabions?

a)

A type of sea wall

b)

Barriers at right angles to the beach

c)

Boulders

d)

Steel mesh cages filled with rocks

77.

Why are hard engineering approaches less commonly used now? (Choose 2)

a)

They are cheaper and don't last for long

b)

They are expensive and involve high maintenance costs

c)

They can cause accelerated erosion rates further down the coastline and look unnatural

d)

Most coastal areas do not have valuable land and property to protect

78.
Which one of the following is a soft engineering technique?
a)
Groynes
b)
Dune stabilisation
c)
Rip rap
d)
Revetments
79.

Which of these is NOT a soft engineering strategy?

a)

Beach nourishment

b)

Beach reprofiling

c)

Sand dune regeneration

d)

Gabions

80.

Managed retreat is a deliberate policy of allowing the sea to _________ or erode an area of low value land

a)

flood

b)

deposit

c)

transport

d)

protect

81.

The main advantages of managed retreat is that it is more sustainable, cheaper in the long term and can create new wildlife habitats

a)

True

b)

False