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Tox Exam 1

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Define Venomous

a)

Toxin produced in special group of cells – delivered via bite or sting

b)

The disease state of being poisoned

c)

A poison that originates from a biological process

d)

Toxin in various body parts – delivered via ingestion

2.

Which of the following is helpful for Anticoagulant poisoning therapy?

a)

Vitamin K1

b)

Vitamin K3

c)

Thoracocentesis

d)

Exercise

3.

Which toxin causes renal failure?

a)

Anticoagulants

b)

Strychnine

c)

Cholecalciferol

d)

Bromethalin

4.

Which of the following can be used in treatment of Cholecalciferol?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Pamidronate

c)

Furosemide

d)

Prednisone

5.

Which of the following are neurotoxic rodenticides?

a)

Zn Phosphide

b)

Strychnine

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Nicotine

6.

Which of the following can cause colic in horses? (specifically mentioned)

a)

Amitraz

b)

Zn Phosphide

c)

Cholecalciferol

d)

Nicotine

7.

What is a unique clinical sign associated with Metaldehyde poisoning?

a)

Hyperthermia

b)

Hypothermia

c)

Hypernatremia

d)

Hyponatremia

8.

Which of the following has a high human health risk in necropsy?

a)

Cholecalciferol

b)

Bromethalin

c)

Zn Phosphide

d)

Metaldehyde

9.

Pyrethrins/ Pyrethroids are extremely/very toxic to which of the following species?

a)

Horses

b)

Dogs

c)

Cats

d)

Fish

10.

Which toxic substance has an antidote of Atropine?

a)

Organophosphates

b)

Organochlorines

c)

Carbamates

d)

Nicotine

11.

Amitraz is toxic to which two species?

a)

Cats

b)

Horses

c)

Dogs

d)

Ferrets

12.

Amitraz causes what unique chemistry value?

a)

Hypernatremia

b)

Hyperglycemia

c)

Hyperalbuminemia

d)

Hyperkalemia

13.

Which drug therapy can be used for Amitraz poisoning?

a)

Yohimbine

b)

Atipamezole

c)

Naloxone

d)

Vitamin K

14.

Which of the following poses a human health hazard as they can be absorbed through the skin?

a)

Organophosphates

b)

Carbamates

c)

Organochlorines

d)

Cholecalciferol

15.

MOA: Binding to nicotinic receptors → ↑ Na & K permeability → ↑ depolarization → stimulation of neurons → high doses: persistent depolarization → blockade → weakness and paralysis

a)

Cholecalciferol

b)

Strychnine

c)

Nicotine

d)

Pyrethrins/ Pyrethroids

16.

MOA: Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist → ↓ GI smooth muscle contractility and ↓ insulin secretion → GI stasis and hyperglycemia

a)

Nicotine

b)

Organochlorines

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Amitraz

17.

MOA: Binding to AChE → AChE inhibited → AChE remains in the synapse → continual stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors – irreversible, parasympathomimetic – tremors

a)

Zn Phosphide

b)

Organophosphates

c)

Carbamates

d)

Metaldehyde

18.

MOA: Binding to AChE → AChE inhibited → AChE remains in the synapse → continual stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors – reversible, parasympathomimetic – tremors

a)

Zn Phosphide

b)

Organophosphates

c)

Carbamates

d)

Metaldehyde

19.

MOA: Inhibits K outflow → slows Na influx → ↓ action potential threshold → ↑ stimulation

a)

Organochlorines: Diphenyl Aliphatics & Aryl Hydrocarbons

b)

Organochlorines: Cyclodienes & Aryl Hydrocarbons

c)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type I

d)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type II

20.

MOA: inhibits post synaptic binding of GABA → inhibition lost → ↑ stimulation

a)

Organochlorines: Diphenyl Aliphatics & Aryl Hydrocarbons

b)

Organochlorines: Cyclodienes & Aryl Hydrocarbons

c)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type I

d)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type II

21.

MOA: Slows Na channels → ↓ AP threshold → extended depolarization → ↑ stimulation

a)

Organochlorines: Diphenyl Aliphatics & Aryl Hydrocarbons

b)

Organochlorines: Cyclodienes & Aryl Hydrocarbons

c)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type I

d)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type II

22.

MOA: Inhibits post-synaptic GABA gated Cl- channels → inhibition lost → ↑ stimulation

a)

Organochlorines: Diphenyl Aliphatics & Aryl Hydrocarbons

b)

Organochlorines: Cyclodienes & Aryl Hydrocarbons

c)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type I

d)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid Type II

23.

MOA: Liver → Des-methylbromethalin → mitochondria → ↓ ATP → Na pump impaired in fatty tissue → edema in neural tissue

a)

Amitraz

b)

Anticoagulants

c)

Organochlorines

d)

Bromethalin

24.

MOA: Unknown – decreases the threshold for seizures

a)

Bromethalin

b)

Zn Phosphide

c)

Strychnine

d)

Metaldehyde

25.

MOA: Ingested → hydrolysis → ↑ PH3 (gas)

- Can vomit: strong emetic (partially protective) → ↓PH3

- Can’t vomit: ↑ PH3 (gas) → inhibition of cytochrome oxidase → cell death

a)

Zn Phosphide

b)

Strychnine

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Cholecalciferol

26.

MOA: Inhibition of glycine binding → inhibition of reflex arc → uncontrolled excitation of reflex

a)

Zn Phosphide

b)

Strychnine

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Pyrethrin/ Pyrethroid

27.

MOA: Inhibition of vitamin K epoxidase → lack of thrombin → lack of clot formation

a)

Anticoagulants

b)

Cholecalciferol

c)

Metaldehyde

d)

Carbamates

28.

MOA: Vit D3 → liver → 25 hydroxy D3 → kidney → 1, 25 dihydroxy D3 → negative feedback → excess 25 hydroxy D3 → ↑ Ca absorption from gut and bone → ↑ Ca/P

a)

Anticoagulants

b)

Cholecalciferol

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Strychnine

29.

•Introduction into a biological system can interfere with the life process of the cells of the organism...

a)

Venomous

b)

Poison

c)

Toxin

d)

Toxic

30.

•Introduction into a biological system can interfere with the life process of the cells of the organism but less harsh

a)

Toxicant

b)

Toxin

c)

Poison

d)

Toxic

31.

•A poison that originates from a biological process...

a)

Toxin

b)

Poison

c)

Toxicant

d)

Toxicosis

32.

•Toxin in various body parts – delivered via ingestion...

a)

Poisonous

b)

Venomous

c)

Toxic

d)

Toxin

33.

•Adverse effects of poisons on living systems...

a)

Toxicity

b)

Poisonous

c)

Toxic

d)

Toxin

34.

•The disease state of being poisoned...

a)

Toxicosis

b)

Toxicant

c)

Toxin

d)

Poison

35.

•Quantity or amount of toxicant that (under a set of conditions) will cause adverse effects...

a)

Toxicosis

b)

Toxin

c)

Venomous

d)

Toxicity

36.

Select the following that coordinates with DOSE

a)

The amount of toxicant that is received per animal

b)

The amount of toxicant per unit of animal mass or weight

c)

Each steer received 0.48 mg/kg monensin

d)

Each steer received 480 mg monensin

37.

Select the following that coordinates with DOSAGE

a)

The amount of toxicant that is received per animal

b)

The amount of toxicant per unit of animal mass or weight

c)

Each steer received 0.48 mg/kg monensin

d)

Each steer received 480 mg monensin

38.

The equation LD50/ED50 is equal to what?

a)

Therapeutic Index

b)

Chronicity Index

c)

Standard Safety Margin

d)

Lethal Intoxication

39.

The equation LD1/ED99 is equal to what?

a)

Therapeutic Index

b)

Chronicity Index

c)

Standard Safety Margin

d)

Lethal Intoxication

40.

1 ppm = _______ (Choose all that apply)

a)

1 mg/kg

b)

1 g/kg

c)

1%

d)

0.0001%

41.

1.1 ppm = ________

a)

1 g/kg

b)

0.001%

c)

1 g/ton

d)

1 lb/acre

42.

With a 2 ton/acre yield: 1 lb/acre = __ mg chemical/kg BW

a)

3

b)

5

c)

7

d)

9

43.

Which of the following can be used to induce emesis in dogs?

a)

Apomorphine

b)

Xylazine

c)

Hydrogen Peroxide

d)

Ropinirole

44.

Which of the following can be used to induce emesis in cats?

a)

Xylazine

b)

Apomorphine

c)

Dexmedetomidine

d)

Hydromorphone

45.

Cholecalciferol containing psoriasis lotions for humans are EXTREMELY toxic to which species?

a)

Dog

b)

Horse

c)

Cat

d)

Guinea Pig

46.

Which of the following compounds acts like an Alpha-2 Adrenergic?

a)

Nicotine

b)

Amitraz

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Strychnine

47.

Strychnine interferes with which compound?

a)

Synaptic GABA

b)

Post-Synaptic GABA-gated Cl- Channels

c)

Glycine

d)

AChE

48.

Organochlorines - Cyclodienes, Aryls interferes with which compound?

a)

Post-Synaptic GABA binding

b)

Post-Synaptic GABA-gated Cl- Channels

c)

Glycine

d)

AChE

49.

Organophosphates/Carbamates interferes with which compound?

a)

Post-Synaptic GABA binding

b)

Post-Synaptic GABA-gated Cl- Channels

c)

Glycine

d)

AChE

50.

MOA: Interfere with electron transport synthesis → ↓ ATP synthesis

a)

Rotenone

b)

Fipronil

c)

Hydramethylon

d)

Imidacloprid

51.

MOA: Inhibits GABA → ↑ excitation

a)

Rotenone

b)

Fipronil

c)

Hydramethylon

d)

Imidacloprid

52.

MOA: Inhibits metabolism → ↓ ATP synthesis

a)

Rotenone

b)

Fipronil

c)

Hydramethylon

d)

Imidacloprid

53.

MOA: Blocks post synaptic receptors in INSECTS

a)

Rotenone

b)

Fipronil

c)

Hydramethylon

d)

Imidacloprid

54.

MOA: Blocks K+ channels → ↑ release of Ach at synapses

a)

Avitrol

b)

Starlicide

c)

Paraquat

d)

2,4-D

55.

MOA: Unknown → nephrotoxic

a)

Avitrol

b)

Starlicide

c)

Paraquat

d)

2,4-D

56.

MOA: Taken up by alveolar cells → reduction of PQ to free radicals (stable w/o O2) → with O2 present → superoxide → PQ reformed

*Cyclical – free radical damage

a)

Avitrol

b)

Starlicide

c)

Paraquat

d)

2,4-D

57.

MOA: Dogs - ↓ chloride conductance

a)

Avitrol

b)

Starlicide

c)

Paraquat

d)

2,4-D

58.

Which herbicide should you not supplement with oxygen?

a)

Paraquat

b)

2,4-D

c)

Round Up

59.

Which of the following interfere with GABA?

a)

Organochlorines

b)

Pyrethrins/ Pyrethroids

c)

Fipronil

d)

Imidacloprid

60.

Which of the following cause ↓ ATP synthesis

a)

Hydramethylon

b)

Rotenone

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Metaldehyde

61.

Bentonite clay decontamination is associated with which compound?

(This compound is inactivated by soil and dirt which is why it works so well!)

a)

2,4-D

b)

Paraquat

c)

Round Up

d)

Hydramethylon

62.

Hyperglycemia is associated with which compound?

a)

Amitraz

b)

Nicotine

c)

Carbamates

d)

Bromethalin

63.

SLUD is associated with which compound(s)

a)

Organophosphates/ Carbamates

b)

Pyrethrins/ Pyrethroids

c)

Bromethalin

d)

Metaldehyde

64.

Which of the following are lipophilic/ fat soluble?

a)

Organochlorines

b)

Bromethalin

c)

Metaldehyde

d)

Strychnine

65.

Hyperthermia is associated most commonly with which compound?

a)

Metaldehyde

b)

Bromethalin

c)

Fipronil

d)

Nicotine

66.

T/F: Vitamin K3 is considered ineffective and Vitamin K1 can cause anaphylaxis

a)

True

b)

False

67.

T/F: Anticoagulants influence platelet count

a)

True

b)

False