cat

gzip

change directory

list all files including hidden files

remove directory

reports on system memory

present working directory

list contents of a directory, list files, including details such as owner and permissions

tests connectivity of remote network device

copies recursively, will copy files under directories

change or set password

link files, create a symbolic lik

list contents of a directory

name of administartor

archives files, create file

archive file, extracts zipped file

shows list of current applications and processes

shows NIC for network card; configures network settings

run command as root

adds new user

begins a loop

character used to split a command

closest free version to red hat

will return one character

will return a string of characters

acts like a shortcut and points to a file

starts a shell script

outputs

can be used to exit

stores the UID and basic user info but not user passwords

prints the message buffer of the kernel

list directories, not contents or subdirectories

the kernel identifies each process using this command

domain names to be translated into IP addresses

environmental variables that tells the shell which directories to search for executable files

responsible for assigning an IP address to the host

ps

lists contents of directory with recursion, including all subdirectories

created empty file

search for a string

grep -i

outputs the first ten lines of a file

add a group

opens files in a vim-like environment for viewing

view routing tables

shows last command used by defined user

sorts text in file in a particular order

outputs the last ten lines of a file

finds IP addresses of a domain name. (domain name to IP address)

heart of the OS, contains source code

hashes passwords are stored here