Define evidence.

Select the examples of evidence.

A good argument will include reasons and ______________.

How does an author prove his claim?

Read the passage and identify the claim.

Twinkies taste better than other snack cakes because of their texture, their creamy filling, and their golden appearance.

What is the claim in the paragraph above?

Select the 3 parts of an argument.

Determining the author's argument, determining the claims, and identifying the evidence are the steps needed to analyze and identify an argument.

Which word below means to outline your steps.

Evidence means the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.

Something that actually exists; reality; truth.

The writer's position on an issue or problem.

A statement put forth and supported by claims, reasons, and evidence.

Evidence and reasoning _____________________ support a claim.

the writer's position on an issue or problem is called

Your position or opinion on a topic is...

This supports a claim using a reliable source.

Define: argument

a logical appeal supported by reasons and evidence

an argument made to address likely objections

Why is it important to include the counterargument in your essay?

the writer's position on an issue or problem is called

Words best used to qualify based on quantity include

What is a claim?

A claim must be arguable.

What is relevant evidence?

What is a counterclaim?

What is a rebuttal?

What does it mean to be credible?

What does a reader need to look for to determine the credibility of the author?

What is an argument?

FOOD DEPRIVATION DOESN'T WORK

Regardless of which parental technique is correct, the research is clear. Penn State University research shows, however, that girls who have treats on a regular basis eat less of these foods when they are offered them. They also tend to be slimmer. Another study from the Netherlands compared the eating behaviors of children who were told they couldn't have sweets, couldn't have fruit or were permitted to eat what they wanted. The restricted groups wanted more of the foods they weren't allowed to have and ate more overall. This suggests that a deprivation mentality backfires when it comes to teaching self-regulation and weight management.

Which quote from the selection supports the claim that food deprivation does not work?

HALLOWEEN CANDY

Halloween has always been my favorite holiday. As a child, I looked forward all year to dressing up and going trick-or-treating. I still love putting on costumes and carving pumpkins. But as much as I love the holiday, it also has its share of detractors. There is plenty of debate about whether parents should limit their kids' access to Halloween activities and candy, in the name of fending off a lifetime of sugar cravings or let them eat their fill. With childhood obesity on the rise, many parents are eager to limit added sugars in their children's diets, which approach is best for helping kids learn healthy eating habits?

How does the author support her claim that parents should limit their children’s intake of Halloween candy?

Boston

The city of Boston in Massachusetts has a charm that is hard to find elsewhere. It has a vibrant and lively atmosphere that makes a visitor feel at home. Boston officially became a city in 1822, which makes it one of the oldest cities in America. Today, it is the economic and cultural center of New England. Boston's coastal location ensures that it enjoys a temperate climate. Summers are warm and sunny, and there is no better feeling than to walk around the city on a summer day.

There's so much to do and see in Boston! The city has a rich, historic past, and is a treat for anyone who loves history. The Freedom Trail in Boston is one of America's first historic walking tours. The trail passes through 16 locations that have some significance in America's history. Some of these locations include Boston Common, the Old State House, and the Paul Revere House. The trail can be covered on foot or in a trolley. You can choose to see the trail by yourself or join one of the guided tours. However, the best way to experience the trail is by walking along it and taking the time to see and appreciate everything. If you are not a fan of history, Boston offers a lot of other options too. If you happen to visit Boston in the summer, there are numerous feasts and festivals happening all over the city, which will give you an opportunity to experience the local culture. Boston welcomes all its visitors with open arms and will make you want to stay forever!

Which statement from the passage best sums up the writer's main argument?

Bon Junko Antiques is a shop that has been located on the edge of town for two years. Many customers from other towns visit our city to shop at Bon Junko Antiques. Unfortunately, many of these customers have caused trouble in the city. According to the crime reports in the newspaper, our city has had an increase in crimes and traffic accidents recently. The people who were involved in these incidents were probably from out of town. Customers who drive to our city just to shop at Bon Junko Antiques are making our city unsafe.

Which statement is an unsupported claim in the passage?

adapted from The Benefits of Playing a Musical Instrument

by Erika Montgomery

For children, simply listening to music is not as effective as learning to play a musical instrument. Playing an instrument has many more benefits.

Learning to play an instrument takes a lot of time, patience, and practice. During music lessons, a teacher usually sets short- and long-term goals for music playing and performance. As children reach their goals, they will feel a sense of achievement and pride that they would not feel from just listening to music.

Playing an instrument requires the brain to work at advanced speeds. Reading music is converted in the brain to the physical motion of playing the instrument. Children who play instruments have improved hand-eye coordination over those who do not.

Playing an instrument has many parallels to doing math. By understanding beat, rhythm, and scales, children are learning how to divide, create fractions, and recognize patterns.

Learning and playing music requires constant reading and understanding. A child needs to identify a note on the page and recognize which note (pitch) to play on the instrument, how long to hold it, what finger to use, and how loudly to play it. The child also needs to decide whether the note should be played short and crisp or smooth and connected to the next note. Learning to read and comprehend music can extend to improving reading and comprehension of literature.

Finally, most instruments require some degree of maintenance. This can be anything from oiling to tuning to cleaning. Encouraging children to stay on top of regular instrument maintenance creates a level of responsibility for them. When they are responsible for something, they are more likely to take care of it themselves, without an adult having to remind them.

For all of these reasons, then, it is clear that playing music on an instrument is much more beneficial to children than simply listening to music on their smartphones or the radio.

Which detail should the author add to strengthen their argument?

A statement made by an author that asserts an author’s belief.

Pieces of text used to back up (support) a claim

The explanation the author gives to connect the evidence to the claim.

An exchange of multiple views/perspectives

Clear and thorough in its purpose; enough or adequate

Closely connected to what is being considered.

Choose the CLAIM.

Choose the CLAIM.

Choose the CLAIM

What is an argument?

What is NOT associated with claim?

What is a counterclaim?

What is relevant evidence?

What is conflicting evidence?

Why would an author introduce a counterclaim?

If a student traces evidence through a text, what are they doing?

What does it mean to evaluate?

In the passage below, how does the author help the reader understand the lack of places to dump trash on public beaches?

People often complain about the amount of trash on our ocean beaches, but I rarely hear anyone offering a solution. Let's face it-most of us are pretty lazy and do not want to have to walk very far to dispose of trash.

Those who run our state parks and recreation areas should recognize that. Installing more trash cans along our public beaches is the way to keep trash from being dumped on the sand. The last time I went to a beach, I only saw one garbage can, and it was way up by the parking lot! Trash cans should be spaced frequently along the beach.

I know some will say that trash cans will spoil the natural beauty of the beach. However, this could easily be solved. The trash can could be in small wooden "huts" that blend with the beach and woods. If there were places to easily dump trash, then people would lack excuses to not use them.

Which of the following is a claim the author supports in the passage below?

“The best things in life are free,” they say, which is true for things like libraries. However, it is not true for many museums. The Philadelphia Museum of Art, for example, costs $20 to get in. Traveling exhibits, such as the work of a certain artist that is touring the country, almost always cost even more. People must pay to get into the museum and also pay for the special showing. That means people who don’t have much money cannot enjoy the art.

Which piece of evidence could be used to BEST support this claim that high school students should be required to wear uniforms.

In the passage below, which of the following is evidence for the claim that video games expose young people to violence?

“It’s important to limit your video game playing. First, playing video games isn’t good for your mind. It exposes young people to violence. Violent video games have been linked to aggression in kids. Also, it isn’t good for your health. The more video games you play, the less physical activity you are getting. Obesity and levels of video game playing are linked in research. Finally, playing video games limits the important social interactions you have in real life with friends and family. We miss talking with you around here because you’re always playing games!”

For the passage below, what evidence could the author include to support the claim that wearing a regular backpack on a bicycle is bad for the back?

Are you tired of trying to lug your books to school on your bike? Messenger bags and backpacks were not well-designed for bicycle travel, making it difficult to carry your books.

For example, messenger bags that sling across your shoulder and sit against your bike are always sliding off. Backpacks are better, but they are built to distribute the weight evenly when you walk. When bicycling, your body is in a whole different position. These backpacks can cause strain to the back.

The new Bicycle Book Bag completely solves these problems with a smart design. This backpack will hold all your books and let you carry them comfortably while you ride.

The comfort comes from the special straps that fasten across your chest and across your waist. This makes sure that weight is evenly carried across your whole back. Best of all, the bag and its contents are firmly held in place and will not slide around.

Just in time for school, the Bicycle Book Bag is available at an outdoor store near you.

Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items

A statement put forth and supported by evidence

Obsolete

Follow the course or development of

The writer's position on an issue or problem

The quality of being believable or trustworthy

Enough

Proof

Examine and judge carefully

The capacity of information to make a difference in a decision

What does Reasoning mean?

Which statement is relevant evidence?

What does Evidence mean?

What is the definition for claim?

What are good examples of Evidence to help support your claim?

Statements that address opposing viewpoints.

a logical appeal supported by reasons and evidence

Evidence that DOES connect to the claim is _____________ evidence.

What does the word delineate mean?

What does the word evaluate mean?

What does the word sufficient mean?

Which is the irrelevant sentence in the paragraph below?

Am I really so bad-mannered, conceited, headstrong, pushing, stupid, lazy, as they all say? Oh of course not. I love to eat fruit and be in nature. I have my faults, just like everyone else, I know that, but they thoroughly exaggerate everything.

Why is Anne's argument below unfair and unbalanced?

Am I really so bad-mannered, conceited, headstrong, pushing, stupid, lazy, etc., etc., etc., as they all say? Oh of course not. I have my faults, just like everyone else, I know that, but they thoroughly exaggerate everything.

How can writers provide a counterclaim?

Which of the following is a claim the author supports in paragraph 1?

“The best things in life are free,” they say, which is true for things like libraries. However, it is not true for many museums. The Philadelphia Museum of Art, for example, costs $20 to get in.

Traveling exhibits, such as the work of a certain artist that is touring the country, almost always cost even more. People must pay to get into the museum and also pay for the special

showing. That means people who don’t have much money cannot enjoy the art.

According to the American Health Association, peanut butter is a great source of protein.

Save Your Money

Some kids earn money by doing jobs around

their houses or neighborhoods. They should save

some of their money. If they save their money for

a little while, they can buy something special. For

example, if someone wants a new video game, they

could save their money to buy it themselves.

What does is the author's claim?

Over half of American households have

pets. One of the benefits of owning an animal is that

it may help a person live longer. According to the

Department of Health, people with pets live an

average of ten years longer than those who don’t

have pets. Cats, dogs, lizards, and fish are all fun

pets that can help you live a longer life!

What evidence from the text supports the claim that People who own pets live longer?