Classical and operant conditioning are based on the principles of which psychological perspective?

If the sound of an electric can opener causes a child to salivate because it has previously been associated with the presentation of food, the child's salivation to the sound of the can opener is a(n)

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the CS was _____

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food. As a result, _____occurred.

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called

An organism responds to a 10-Hz tone but not to a 25-Hz tone, demonstrating the concept of

Which of the following best demonstrates the law of effect?

Which of the following is the best example of shaping?

Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney’s misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as

The most important benefit of biofeedback is its capacity to

Neal Miller observed that rats decrease their heartbeat if they receive pleasurable brain stimulation when their heartbeat slows. This best illustrated that

If rats are allowed to wander through a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates

An employee at a shoe store is paid $10 for each pair that he sells. If he does not sell any shoes, he does not get paid. His paycheck is based on which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests, he will receive good grades. This suggests that associative learning involves

A student studies diligently to avoid the bad feelings associated with a previously low grade on a test. In this case, the studying behavior is being strengthened because of what kind of reinforcement?

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg's reaction most clearly illustrates

When parents offer good-grade rewards to children who already enjoy studying, they may find that the children no longer enjoy studying and only enjoy the rewards. Which of the following have the parents accidentally removed from their children?

Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that the power of observational learning depends on what?

Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the brain's tendency to vicariously experience something we observe?

In explaining prosocial behavior, B. F. Skinner would most likely have emphasized

After observing his siblings walk across a balance beam, Joe's brain reacts in a way that will enable him to imitated the action later. Which part of his brain may be responsible for this?

Jasmine is worried about an upcoming exam. Which scenario best illustrates emotion-focused coping?

Andrene is having difficulties with her roommate. A problem-focused coping strategy for Andrene would be

In a two-phase study, participants were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. All participants were subjected to a series of irritating air puffs directed at the face. In the first phase of the study, participants in group A pressed a button that stopped the air puffs. Participants in group B pressed a button that had no effect on the air puffs. In the second phase of the study, both groups had buttons that, if pressed, would stop the air puffs.

The study most directly explores the concept of

Xander can no longer stomach the taste of sushi after he vomited from eating a spoiled serving of it. However, the appearance of sushi does not make him sick. Which of the following best accounts for why Xander becomes sick upon tasting sushi but not seeing sushi?

The idea that the explanation for prejudice lies in children’s modeling of their parents’ prejudicial beliefs, emotions, and behaviors is most closely aligned with the theories of which of the following?