a sudden overthrow of a government

law

an emergency presidential decree under Article 48 of

the Weimar Constitution, which gave the president the power to take

any measure necessary to protect public safety without the consent of

the Reichstag

a speech by Woodrow Wilson to the US Congress on 8 January

1918 that outlined a plan for the reconstruction of Europe and reformation

of the international order after the war. The last point was the creation of

the League of Nations

authoritative command over a subject nation

this law nullified many of the key civil liberties

of German citizens and was used as the legal basis for the imprisonment

of anyone considered to be opponents of the Nazis, and to suppress

publications not considered friendly to the Nazi cause

also called Operation Hummingbird, or the Röhm Putsch,

a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political executions intended to consolidate Hitler’s absolute hold on power

a violent attempt to overthrow a government; a coup

an arson attack on the Reichstag building in Berlin on 27 February

1933, one month after Adolf Hitler had been sworn in as Chancellor of

Germany

the Wall Street Crash of 1929 began on 24 October 1929

(Black Thursday), and was the most devastating stock market crash in

United States history, and caused the Great Depression throughout

the 1930s

a system of government that is centralised, dictatorial and

requires complete subservience to the state

a theory that argued the human race was subject to the same

laws of natural selection as animals. Based on Charles Darwin’s work and

used to justify racist views, since discredited

the belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability

and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national

interests

the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion

of their common good

the military intelligence and information section of the German Army

term used to define the union between Germany and Austria carried

out by Hitler in 1938. Forbidden under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

a combined surprise attack by aircraft, armoured Panzer

divisions and soldiers in a concentrated attack on the enemy’s defences

anti-authority working class groups of German youth that existed prior

to the Nazis rise to power; involved in minor criminal activities and often

involved in violent confrontations with members of the Hitler Youth

member of any of the armed squads of Italian Fascists under Benito

Mussolini, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform

a Russian socialist political party, led by Vladimir Lenin, that seized

power in Russia during the November Revolution in 1917

1914–19; a German revolutionary socialist group led by Rosa

Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht (1871–1919), and named for Spartacus,

the leader of the 73 bc slave revolt against Rome. It formed the nucleus of

the German Communist Party and was bloodily suppressed in 1919 and its

leaders killed

right-wing and anti-Semitic organisation; consisted of ex-soldiers;

involved in violent clashes with communists in public

discrimination against people of Jewish heritage

a political system based on a very powerful leader, state control,

and being extremely proud of country and race, and in which political

opposition is not allowed