We have to avoid mannerisms or the nervous expressions a speaker might not be aware of (e.g. putting their hands in their pockets, nodding their head excessively, or using filler words like um and ah too often).

The appropriate tempo or speed in speaking is fast like a native speaker (e.g. American or British) to sound more credible in your speech, for talking slow decreases your credibility.

Avoid pausing between ideas in your speech to sound more confident, in control, and understandable.

One of the best ways to check the correct pronunciation of a word before you use it in your speech is through consulting a dictionary.

Put verbs into action when speaking to an audience by physically acting them out with the hands, face or entire body.

You must apply multimodal elements in the presentation of your speech via a video (e.g. adding images/pictures, short videos, animation and/or sounds).

Be facially expressive. Use facial expressions that match the message you are delivering. If you're giving an upbeat speech, try to have a relaxed and joyful look on your face.

It is a must to sound like a native speaker (e.g. American or British) to have good articulation and pronunciation in delivering your speech.

Never use visual aids and props as a way of avoiding eye contact or interaction with an audience (e.g. reading directly from slides).

In applying multimodal elements in our speech, we must avoid using physical objects and props.

Use filler words such as "um," "ah," "you know," and "like" in your speech to sound more natural and conversational in delivering your speech.

Organize your speech in a logical sequence: (1) main points, (2) opening, (3) opinions, and (4) summary/conclusion.

We can be creative in our presentation by applying "insincere gestures" to add dramatic effect or impact to our speech, to catch attention, and to establish connection or "rapport" with our audience.

Public speaking is the process of communicating information to an audience. It entails sharpening critical thinking and verbal/non-verbal communication skills.