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WorksheetsAP Human Geography Unit 6.4, 6.5, & 6.6/6.7
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 23mins
The nth largest city in any region will be i\1/nth the size of the largest city
The rank size rule
the ruler size rule
ur mom
the ranking rule
Rank: Population Size
1 : 1m
2 : 500000
3 : 333,333.33~
4:
200,000
220,000
230,000
250,000
Do MDCs or LDCs follow the rank size rule pattern?
MDC
LDC
Definition of a Primate City
MDCs typically follow this pattern
LDCs typically follow this pattern
the largest city region is more than twice the size of the next largest city AND serves as a social, political, and/or economic hub of the urban system
the smallest city region is more than twice the size of the next smallest city AND DOES NOT serve as a social, political, and/or economic hub of the urban system
Christaller's Central Place Theory - proposed by walter christaller in 1933
Explains the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region; states that larger cities are fewer in number and farther apart than smaller cities
Each city is surrounded by a market area called a hinterland
distance matters more than population
The force of interaction = population of city 1 multiplied by population of city 2 divided by (distance between the two cities)^2(squared)
definition of range
the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Services w/ a very high threshold only appear in the largest central places
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
definition of threshold
the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Services w/ a very high threshold only appear in the largest central places
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
definition of threshold
the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Services w/ a very high threshold only appear in the largest central places
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
Examples of threshold in the Christaller's Central Place Theory
the distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Services w/ a very high threshold only appear in the largest central places
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
example of range in the Christaller's Central Place Theory
People will travel a short distance for basic services such as groceries, but travel very far for high-order services such as heart transplants
The distance people will travel to obtain specific goods and services
each order settlement features all the services found in lower order settlements
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist + remain profitable
example of nesting of services in the Christaller's Central Place Theory
People will travel a short distance for basic services such as groceries, but travel very far for high-order services such as heart transplants
Can be used to predict flows of vacationers, shoppers, workers, etc. between cities
each order settlement features all the services found in lower order settlements
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist + remain profitable
The Gravity Model
Explains the distribution of cities of different sizes across a region; states that larger cities are fewer in number and farther apart than smaller cities
Distance matters more than population
Can be used to predict flows to vacationers, shoppers, workers, etc. between cities
The force of interaction = population of city 1 multiplied by population of city 2 divided by (distance between the two cities)^2(squared)
portions of an urban area have specific and distinct purposes(functional zonation)
urban zones
the bid-rent theory
CBD
urban model
The price and demand for real estate decreases as the distance from the CBD increases
urban zones
the bid-rent theory
CBD
urban model
Often called downtown, commercial heart of a city, is the focus of transportation and services
urban zones
the bid-rent theory
The Central Business District - CBD
urban model
Fill in the blanks: Has certain characteristics due to the _______
Outside Europe, the _____ has skyscrapers
Manufacturing activities are rarely in them
Residential portions are usually high-density housing
CBD; urban zones
bid-rent theory; CBD
CBD; bid-rent theory
urban zones; urban model
Invented in the 1920s Based on Chicago
Has a CBD surrounded by rings; each ring features a different type of housing, housing quality increases the further you get from the city
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
What urban model is this?
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Invented in the 1930s Based on Chicago
DIfferent types of land use grew in wedges or sectors: also features one for transportation
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Invented in the 1940s Based on Chicago
Suggested that functional zonation occurred around multiple centers or nodes; each node attracted or repelled certain types of activities
Highly similar to the Urban Realms model
Southeast Asian City Model
Urban Realms Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Invented in the 1950s
Based on Detroit
Describes the spread of US cities outward from the CBD to the suburbs
As the suburbs grew, some functions of the CBD began to appear in them
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Which model is being shown?
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Two-part CBD- modern high rise + traditional market
Commercial spine of development extending from the CBD to a secondary center called a mall
Most desirable housing in the city is located near the CBD
Outerring (periferico) is characterized by squatter settlements
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
What is another name for the latin american city model?
(a)
Has no CBD and is focused on a port; contains both western and "alien"(chinese); suburbs and squatter areas are intermixed, squatter settlements are not officially part of the city
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Latin American City Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Hoyt Sector Model
Invented by Harm de Blij
Three distinct CBDs
Traditional
Colonial
Market Zone
Features a zone of mining + manufacturing
Residential zones are based on ethnicity, not wealth
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Galactic City/Peripheral Model
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
Southeast Asian CIty Model
Sub-Saharan City Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
periphery =?
squatter settlements
houses
edge
verge
Zoning
Cities + counties use zoning ordinances to define how property in specific regions can be used
Municipal governments use zoning ordinances as a tool of urban planning
Some neighborhoods contain only large homes on spacious lots while others have smaller homes on smaller lots + others contain apartments
A spectrum from low density → high density
Three general categories for Zoning:
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Land Use
Residential Zoning
The zones often set limits on the density and size of houses in specific zones.
This causes ethnic diversity
Some neighborhoods contain only large homes on spacious lots while others have smaller homes on smaller lots + others contain apartments
A spectrum from low density → high density
Which one could be used to prevent socioeconomic or ethnic diversity.
zoning
residential zoning
residential density gradient
fiscal squeeze
In North America, population density tends to decrease the farther you get from the CBD
zoning
residential zoning
residential density gradient
fiscal squeeze
Residential Density Gradient Outside of North America:
mostly flat until you get to the suburbs, where you see a spike in density
very densely populated squatter settlements that tend to exist on the outskirts of cities in LDCs
not very densely populated squatter settlements that tend to exist on the outskirts of cities in MDCs
when the residential density gradient is mostly high until you get to the city where there is a decrease in density
definition of fiscal squeeze
when city revenues cannot keep up with increasing demands for city services and expenditures on decaying infrastructure
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Services w/ a very high threshold only appear in the largest central places
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
causes of fiscal squeeze
loss of residential population and commercial establishment to suburban areas
the size of a population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
when there is an increase in residential population
Services w/ a very low threshold are present even in very small central places
Abandoned housing
Lack of jobs
Vacant warehouses
Derelict neighborhoods
Crumbling infrastructure
These are the results of (a)
