WorksheetsChapter 10 Revision
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 15mins
For ___________ the advantages associated with innovation include higher and sustainable profits, the ability to challenge competitors and to offer value-added to the customer in the form of improved quality, lower price and greater choice.
national economies
the individual firm
society
All of the above
Improved transport systems, health care and education represent advantages associated with innovation for ___________.
society
the individual firm
All of the above
national economies
In terms of state intervention in innovation, a proposed benefit of ___________ is that it encourages/ they encourage new developments by offering protection against others copying the invention.
patents and licensing
education and training
procurement
subsidies
In terms of the national systems of innovation approach, the role of the firm does not concern which of the following?
The extent of competition both nationally and internationally
R&D strategies and investment in R&D
Collaboration with other firms
Patterns of ownership
In terms of the relationship between organizational size and innovation, which of the following arguments for small firms is incorrect?
They spend more on R&D as a proportion of total sales and employ proportionately more staff in R&D
They feature more predominantly where risk is high, because they can spread risk more easily and are better placed to attract government support and bank loans
They have a higher R&D intensity in terms of the relationship between R&D expenditure and sales
They are more flexible and adaptive, less bureaucratic and closer to the customer
In terms of the relationship between organizational size and innovation, it is argued that ___________ firms feature more predominantly where risk is high, because of the needs to spread risk and to attract government support and bank loans.
neither large nor small
large
small
both large and small
In ___________ strategies research and development is viewed as a central part of operations, with a strong commitment to basic research, technical leadership and a willingness to takes risks with comparatively large investments.
All of the above
first-to-the-market
free-rider
follower
Paradigm shift innovations
change the nature of a product or process
All of the above
modify and improve on existing products and processes
change the nature of markets and societies
The creation of a new divisional structure in order to control international operations more effectively and to gain competitive advantage would represent an example of a ___________ innovation.
product
technology
process
organization
The impact of ___________ as a major inhibitor of effective innovation strategies is reinforced by the time lags between development and highly variable commercial exploitation.
structure
behaviour of consumers
All of the above
costs
The ___________ entrepreneur focuses on the product, which he or she has invented and/or developed, and possesses a specific skill originating from a trade or engineering background.
All of the above
opportunist
craftsman
organization builder
The ___________ organization focuses on external experience and knowledge drawn from a variety of sources, with incremental strategies tending to be incremental, changing and creative.
multinational
mechanistic
organic
None of the above
Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with the mechanistic organization?
Very hierarchical structures with key knowledge located at the top
Communication flows in all directions and the encouragement of teamworking and networking
Highly specialized tasks, fragmentation and differentiation
Tasks follow abstract rules
Which of the following represents an advantage associated with innovation for national economies?
Increased education
Growth in economic output
The ability to challenge competitors
A better environment
___________ innovations change the nature of a product or process.
Incremental
Radical
Paradigm shift
All of the above
